住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwill（）downtheeconomy.

問題1選項

A.put

B.settle

C.drag

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。putdown放下；settledown安居，安定下來；dragdown向下拖，其比喻義為：使衰弱，拖垮；knockdown擊倒，拆卸。句意：沒人知道金融體系的動蕩會拖垮經濟多長時間、有多嚴重。根據howlongandhowseriously可知，選項C更符合語境。

2.單選題

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

問題1選項

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，發動；trifle浪費，嘲弄。根據句意：德國總參謀部對他們認為是軍事需要的東西又作了危險的讓步。該計劃不會在國家正式宣戰時啟動，而只是在國家下令動員時啟動。首先排除選項C和D，計劃是被啟動，所以選項A正確。

3.單選題

Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment,bothphysicallyandaesthetically,ismostapparentinourcities.Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,wherethereislittlehopeforimprovingconditions,haveoftenbeencitedascontributingcausesofurbanriotinganddisturbances.Crimeratesusuallyreachtheirpeakintheseneighborhoods.Suchsymptomsofgeneralpsychologicalmaladjustmentsuggestthatmoderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.

Thereseemstobeabundantevidencethattraditionalculturalpatternsbreakdownincities,andalsothatthehighnumbersofcontactswithindividuals,notpartofone’scircleofregularsocialacquaintancesmayleadtomentaldisturbancedefinedheremerelyasbehaviorgenerallyconsidered“disturbed”bythemajorityofthesociety.Itisimportanttonotethatantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”arefoundinallcultures,andthatindeedthesamedisordersrecognizedbyWesternpsychiatristsarefoundeveninprimitivepeoples.Therefore,wecanbereasonablycertainthatlackofanevolutionarily“natural”environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.Nevertheless,thatlackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.

StanfordpsychologistPGZimbardohasconcludedthaturbanpressuresaretransformingAmericansintopotentialassassins.Hebasedhisconclusionsonexperimentalstudiesoftheconnectionbetweenanonymityandaggression,andonfieldstudiesofvandalism.Henotedanestimated230violenturbanoutbreaksintheperiod1964-1969,andreportedthatin1967vandalsinNewYorkCityalonewrecked360,000paytelephones,broke202,719schoolwindows,anddiddamagetoparksandtransitsystemscostingsome$850,000.Carswereabandonedonstreetsofalargecity(NewYork)andasmallone(PaloAlto,California),andsecretlywatchedtoseeiftherewasadifferenceinvandalismbetweenthetwolocalities.TheNewYorkcarwasvirtuallydemolishedwithinthreedaysby23separateattacksbylootersandvandals,nearlyallinviewofpassersbyandduringthedaytime.ThePaloAltocarwasnotmolestedformorethanaweek.Howmuch(ifany)ofsuchbehaviormightbereducedifdensitywereloweredisunknown,butatleasttheanecdotalevidenceseemstoindicatethathighdensityisafactorinsuchproblems.Crimeratesaresomefivetimesashighinurbanasinruralareas.Thoughsomeofthisdifferencemaybeduetodisparitiesinreporting,notallofitcanbeexplainedonthisbasis.RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.Thisgeneralcorrelationheldforstatisticstakeninthreedifferentyears,1940,1950,and1960,inthesamecities.Therisesinassaultandrobberywithhigherdensitywereparticularlystriking,althoughmurderandrapebothalsoreflectedthetrend.Robberyistheonlyoneofthefourthatdoesnotmostcommonlyoccurbetweenacquaintances.Interestingly,crimeratesinthesuburbshavebeenrisinginthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagersfromrelativelyaffluentareas,althoughtheircrimesaremoreoftenactsagainstpropertythancrimesofviolence.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostoftencrimesarecommittedin（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”?

3.AccordingtoPGZimbardo’sresearch,（）.

4.Thewriterholdsthat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofbreakdowninurbanareas?

問題1選項

A.thesuburbs

B.commercialareasofbigcities

C.theslumsandghettoes

D.theparksandtransitsystems

問題2選項

A.Theyareuniqueinmoderncities.

B.Theyaregraverinmetropolises.

C.Theyareneverfoundinprimitivepeoples.

D.Theyresultentirelyfromthelackofa“natural”environment.

問題3選項

A.thereexistsahigherrateofvandalisminamoredensely-populatedcity

B.whenpopulationdensitiesdecrease,crimeratesgoup

C.thereisnocorrelationbetweenthepopulationdensityandcrimerate

D.suburbanteenagersaremoreapttocommitviolentcrimesthansmallthefts

問題4選項

A.deteriorationoftheenvironmentinamoderncitywillmakeitunfitforpeopletolivein

B.lackofa“natural”environmentresultsinantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”

C.deteriorationofenvironmentinametropolisplaysacertainroleincausinghighcrimerates

D.vandalismandotherviolentoutbreakswillneverdisappearinmostcrowdedmetropolises

問題5選項

A.Vandalism.

B.Suicide.

C.Rioting.

D.Rape.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段的第二句“Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,...urbanriotinganddisturbances.”特別是在條件改善希望渺茫的貧民窟和貧民區，生活的非人道影響經常被認為是城市暴亂和騷亂的原因之一。選項C符合原文。

2.細節判斷題。根據關鍵詞“antisocialbehaviorand‘mentalillness’”定位到第二段。根據“Itisimportant...eveninprimitivepeoples.”反社會行為和“精神疾病”在所有文化中都存在，而且西方精神病學家所承認的同樣的疾病甚至在原始人中也存在。由此可知選項A和C錯誤；根據第二段倒數第二句“...lackofanevolutionarily'natural'environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.”缺乏進化上的“自然”環境并不是這種行為的唯一原因。由此可知選項D錯誤；根據第二段最后一句“lackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.”可知反社會行為和“精神疾病”在大都市可能會更嚴重，選項B正確。

3.細節判斷題。根據關鍵詞“PGZimbardo”定位到第三段。根據“RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.”暴力犯罪率已被證明與美國城市的實際人口密度呈正相關。選項A符合原文。

4.細節判斷題。原文第一段最后一句為作者的觀點。“moderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.”現代城市為人類提供了一個不太理想的環境。也就是說大都市環境的惡化是造成犯罪率升高的一個重要原因，選項C符合原文。

5.細節判斷題。根據原文可知，破壞他人財物、暴亂和強奸在文中均有提及，只有選項B（自殺）沒有提及。

4.翻譯題

一直以來，哈佛大學要求在校本科生除了自己的主修專業課程之外，還要修習一系列課程，以確保他們受到的本科教育涵蓋了寬泛的研究課題和研究方法。哈佛大學新的通識教育項目(generaleducationprogram)大膽地致力于將學生在課堂上學到的知識與校園圍墻外的生活，甚至畢業后的生活聯系起來。通識教育課程的內容和其他的課程內容具有相連性，但教學方式并不一樣。通識教育課程的目的不是將學生帶入一門學科，而是將一門學科融入學生的生活。通識教育項目把藝術和科學與學生們面臨的21世紀的世界以及畢業后的生活聯系起來，讓學生了解哈佛大學所有的研究課題和研究技巧。

通識教育課程由本科生主修專業課程之外的一系列課程組成，從而取代了過去30多年來一直實行的核心課程體系(coresystem)。目前，有很多的通識教育課是由經過較大修改的核心課程轉化而來，其他諸如“生命的定義，從夸克(quark)到意識”這類課程就是全新的了。這些新課程將課堂學習和其更廣泛的含義聯系起來，不僅是跨學科的，還超越了課堂本身。其中有些課程還是由不同系別的教授聯合授課的。

在新的課程體系中，學生必須在八大課程類別中各選擇一門課程。這種新的體系鼓勵教授們以校外教學、動手實驗、客座演講和其他新穎模式進行大膽創新，當然也同樣鼓勵學生去大膽創新。

【答案】Traditionally,theundergraduatesofHarvardUniversityarerequiredtostudytheirmajorsubjectsaswellasaseriesofothercoursesinordertoensuretheirundergraduateeducationcoversextensiveresearchthemesandmethods.ThegeneraleducationprogramatHarvardUniversitybravelyaimsatcombiningtheknowledgethestudentslearninclasseswiththelifeoutsidecampusoreventhelifeaftergraduation.Thecontentofthegeneraleducationprogramisofconnectionwithothersubjects,buttheteachingmethodisdifferent.Thetargetofgeneraleducationprogramisnottoimmerseastudentintocertainsubject,buttointroducethatsubjectintothelifeofthatstudent.Thegeneraleducationprogramlinksartandsciencetogetherwiththe21thcenturyfacingthestudentandthelifeafterthegraduation,makingstudentsfamiliarwithalltheresearchthemesandmethods.

Thegeneraleducationprogramconsistsofawiderangeofcoursesbesidesthemajorsubjectsfortheundergraduates,andsupercedesthecoresystemthathasbeenpracticedforthepastthreedecades.Atpresent,manycoursesunderthegeneraleducationprogramderivefrommajorcorecourses,andsomeothersubjectssuchasTheDefinitionofLife,FromQuarktoConsciousnessarecompletelynew.Thesecoursescombinetheclasslearningwithwideimplication,whicharenotonlyinter-discipline,butalsobeyondclasslearningitself,andsomeofwhicharetaughtbydifferentprofessorsfromdifferentdisciplines.

Underthenewcurriculumsystem,studentswillhavetochooseonecoursefromeachoftheeightcoursecategories.Thenewsystemencouragesprofessorstobeboldwithout-of-schoolteaching,hands-onexperiments,guestspeakersandotherinnovativemodels,aswellasstudents.

5.單選題

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

問題1選項

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inthelightof根據，按照；intheeventof如果……發生；inthefaceof面臨，面對；inthecourseof在……過程中。句意：她總是根據自己的經驗和原則來處理問題。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

Anycountryhasgoodreasontowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible,sinceoneofitsgreatestresourcesisanactivepopulation.Nocountrywantsitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth.

Thiswasthekindofthinkingwhichledtotheintroductionofahealthserviceinmanycountries.InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa“WelfareState”inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartiallyraisedbycontributionsfromemployersand

employees.

Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanwasestimated.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealth

Service-doctors,nursesandotherhospitalstaff—havemuchmoreroutineworktodoandasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivemedicine.TheHealthServicedoesneedmorestaff—aneedthatcanonlybemetifmoremoneyismadeavailabletoit.

However,apowerfulargumentfortheHealthServiceisthatmanypeopleareabletoreceiveexpensivetreatmentwhichtheycouldneveraffordthemselves.Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Becausetheyhavesomanypatients,

doctorscannotspendaslongwitheachoneastheywouldlike,andsomepeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentsothattheirdoctorscangivethemmoretime.Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.

1.Intheauthor’sview,BritainisaWelfareStateinthat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theauthormentionsthatsomewealthypeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentbecause（）.

5.Theword“abused”(Para.4)means（）.

問題1選項

A.allcitizensareentitledtoafreemedicaltreatmentinsomesense

B.poor,unliketherich,couldenjoyfreemedicaltreatment

C.healthserviceishighlydevelopedinBritain

D.Britaindoesn’tallowitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth

問題2選項

A.theHealthServiceisintroducedtomanyothercountriesbyBritain

B.theHealthServicehasbeenintroducedanddevelopedfor30yearsinBritain

C.anactivepopulationisthegreatestresourceinBritain

D.allcitizensinBritainhaveagoodopinionoftheHealthService

問題3選項

A.AWelfareState

B.ImportanceoftheHealthService

C.DisadvantagesoftheHealthService

D.TheHealthService

問題4選項

A.theirdoctorscangivethemmoretimeleavefromwork

B.thosedoctorshavebettermedicalinstruments

C.theymightsavesomemoneyforthepoor

D.theirdoctorshaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityforthepatients

問題5選項

A.destroyed

B.usedinwrongway

C.ignored

D.wasted

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據關鍵詞“WelfareState”定位到第二段第二句“InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa'WelfareState'inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.”所有公民，無論貧富，都可以免費獲得大部分醫療服務。選項A符合原文。

2.細節推斷題。選項A和選項C在文中沒有提及；根據第三段的第一句“Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.”threedecades意為30年；公眾支持和反對衛生服務都有，并不都是好的評價；所以選項B符合原文，而選項D錯誤。

3.主旨思想題。結合全文內容可知，本文主要是講醫療服務的發展，其有利條件和不利條件，所以選項D更能概括全文，其他選項只是文中的片段。

4.細節推理題。根據關鍵詞“wealthypeople”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.”事實上，一些富人覺得他們應該付錢，這樣就可以把多余的錢讓給其他人治療。選項C符合原文。

5.詞匯推斷題。根據第四段的第二句“Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.”有時這種免費治療被濫用，有些人在不需要的時候也去看醫生。由此可知他們是用了錯誤的方法，選項B符合原文。

7.單選題

Itwasdifficulttobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswehadhoped.

問題1選項

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】cameoff舉行，成功；wentoff爆炸，離去；broughtout出版，生產；madeout理解，辨認出。句意：在深谷里建發電站是困難的，但正如我們所希望的那樣成功了。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Hewasunabletoendurethetortureoftheenemyandsurrendered.He（）hiscomrades.

問題1選項

A.revealed

B.suspended

C.exposed

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。revealed揭示；suspended懸浮，暫停；exposed使暴露，揭露；betrayed出賣，背叛。句意：他無法忍受敵人的折磨而投降了。他背叛了他的同志。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（1）tohowtheycanbest（2）suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand（3）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（4）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe（5）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（6）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（7）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（8）,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,（9）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（10）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（11）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（12）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（13）visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（14）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（15）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（16）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（17）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（18）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（19）forrolesthatarewithinthei（20）andtheirattentionspansandbyshavingclearlystatedrules.

問題1選項

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

問題2選項

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

問題3選項

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

問題4選項

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

問題5選項

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

問題6選項

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

問題7選項

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

問題8選項

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

問題9選項

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

問題10選項

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

問題11選項

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

問題12選項

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

問題13選項

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

問題14選項

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

問題15選項

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

問題16選項

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

問題17選項

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

問題18選項

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

問題19選項

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

問題20選項

A.capabilities

B.responsibilities

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】（1）giveseriousthoughtto為常用搭配，意為認真考慮。

（2）根據原文句意，教師應該關注的是如何能夠使他們（青少年）很好地適應這些變化。選項B符合句意。

（3）and連接并列句，前后意思相近。所以選項C更符合原文。句意：成長中的身體需要運動和鍛煉。

（4）根據句意，青少年正在適應新的身體狀況，面臨著心智和情感方面的諸多挑戰，他們的自我意識很強。顯然這之間不是條件或轉折關系，而是一個因果關系。because表示原因，引導原因狀語從句。

（5）根據原文，獲得成功之后，我們常常得到的是信心，所以選項C正確。

（6）claimed索取，主張；admired羨慕，贊美；ignored忽視；surpassed超過。句意：青少年需要自信，自信來自成功，也來自知道他們的成績受到別人的贊美。選項B符合句意。

（7）根據原文：然而，青少年的生活本身就已經充滿了這么多的競爭，那么，安排勝者多敗者少的活動將會是明智的，因為這能提高他們的自信心。所以選項D符合原文。

（8）根據下文可以推斷是對勝者多敗者少這個活動進行具體的例證，所以選項C正確。inasense在某種意義上，不符合原文。

（9）考查動賓搭配。展覽學生的作品。選項A正確。

（10）durable耐用的，持久的；excessive過分的，過度的；surplus過剩的；multiple多種多樣的。根據原文，各種各樣的小型俱樂部可以提供多種多樣的機會。選項D符合句意。

（11）根據前面的club可知，這里應該為團體活動。選項A符合原文。

（12）根據原文句意：交朋友對青少年非常重要，許多靦腆的學生都需要某種團體所提供的安全感。選項D符合原文。

（13）來自于背后的支持，那么就是幾乎看不見的。用barely修飾，表示幾乎不。選項B符合句意。

（14）根據下文的“participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywant.”使參與者能保持活躍的心態，由此推斷，青少年的注意力很短。選項D符合原文。

（15）根據原文：應該組織各種各樣的活動，以便讓參與者能盡可能長時間地保持活躍。Sothat表目的，符合原文。

（16）anything用于疑問句和否定句中；somethingelse別的事情。根據原文：應該組織各種各樣的活動，以便讓參與者保持活躍，然后轉而參與其他活動。選項D正確。

（17）letoff放下，寬恕；letsb.down為固定搭配，意為使沮喪；letout泄露；letalone聽任，不打擾。句意：既不會讓他們感到內疚，又不會讓別的參與者失望。B選項符合原文。

（18）Onthecontrary相反；Ontheaverage平均來說，一般地；Onthewhole總的來說，大體上；Ontheotherhand另一方面。根據上下文：這并不意味著成年人不負責任，（

），他們可以幫助學生獲得一種責任感。兩句形成對比，選項A正確。

（19）根據原文：他們可以通過角色幫助學生獲得一種責任感。makefor向……方向走；standfor代表，表示；planfor為……做計劃，在這里指策劃創造一些（合適的）角色；takefor誤以為，把……看作……選項C符合原文。

（20）rolesthatarewithintheircapabilities指“他們力所能及的任務”。

10.單選題

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

問題1選項

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith為固定搭配，意為癡迷于……。

11.單選題

Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub（）openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.

問題1選項

A.remains

B.remain

C.remained

D.wouldremain

【答案】B

【解析】虛擬語氣。motion表示提議、建議，后面要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，所以本題選B。

12.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

問題1選項

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

問題2選項

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

問題3選項

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

問題4選項

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

問題5選項

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據上文提到的，恐懼對每個人來說幾乎都是一個問題，每個人害怕的事物不一樣，所以這里提到的我們這些特殊的生物是指對某種事物感到害怕。選項A正確，選項B,C,D都是指某一類人害怕的東西，不能以偏概全，所以錯誤。

2.根據第二段的內容可知，恐懼是一種有用的情感是因為它能幫助我們面對危險時快速做出反應并自我保護。選項D符合原文。其他選項都只涉及生理反應而忽略了心理反應，太片面。

3.根據第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當恐懼與眼前的危險不成比例時，它才會成為一個問題。也就是說，當危險被認為比實際上更大時，恐懼就會成為一個問題。選項A正確。

4.根據第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐懼的影響。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”從出生開始，他或她更容易學習恐懼的反應，因為他或她遺傳了一種更敏感的傾向。選項A符合原文。

5.根據第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知選項D正確。

13.單選題

Asaresultofthestrike,theGovernmentisurgingpeopletobe（）withelectricity.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。economic經濟學的；經濟的；economical節儉的；經濟的；economy經濟的；廉價的；economics經濟學。句意：政府敦促人們節約用電。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(傳播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感覺)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Theword“put”（2ndsentenceof2ndPara.）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

問題2選項

A.expressed

B.asked

C.placed

D.inserted

問題3選項

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

問題4選項

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

問題5選項

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段講到電視將改變我們的生活和我們的世界，接下來講述了電視在當今社會所扮演的角色。所以選項C最能概括全文。

2.語義題。根據前后文可知，verysimplyput可以理解為“簡單地說”，這里的put意為“表達”，所以本題選A。

3.細節判斷題。根據第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知選項A和B正確；根據第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知選項D正確，而選項C錯誤。原文指轉換成相同的圖像，而不是把一種圖像轉換成另一種圖像。所以本題選C。

4.細節事實題。根據第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知選項D正確。

5.細節推斷題。根據最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我們的娛樂來源于顯像管，在這個靜態的媒體面前扮演著被動的觀看者的角色。選項A換了一種方式表達，也是符合原文的。

15.單選題

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurderc