1、考研英語翻譯能力培養 以考研英語一翻譯真題為例 Lecturer：Kaya8th, Dec. 第1頁Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, buil

2、t a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new countr

3、y which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) Bu

4、t the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result

5、was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.Part CRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 point

6、s)第2頁(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies,

7、 and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the jo

8、urney. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief,” said one recorder of events, “the air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown g

9、arden.” The colonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furn

10、iture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.第3頁Whats this passage is about and whats the style of this passage?E-C translation: English makes sentences by way of netting and Chinese piling. 英語織網 VS 漢語砌墻。 英譯漢，要先把英語中編織網逐層解開，然后進行句子重組。Before Start of Translation:第4頁1. 句子分析：關系代詞and，并列句 主干（1）This movem

11、ent built a nation out of a wilderness and （2）shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 分詞結構： driven by powerful and diverse motivations （修飾movement） 介詞結構表方式： by its nature 受強有力、多樣化動機驅使，此次運動從蠻荒中建起了一個國家。 并按照其本性塑造了這塊未知大陸性格及命運。 2. 詞語分析： wilderness：wild “野外”，-ness名詞，荒野狀態 unchartered (牛

12、津英漢高階雙解詞典)1） not marked on a map or chart 圖上未標明: an uncharted island 地圖上沒有標明島. 2） not explored or mapped 未經勘測; 未繪制成圖:an uncharted area, zone, etc 未經勘探地域 地帶等 Our research is sailing into uncharted waters/seas 我們研究工作正深入到從未包括過領域.字典上查來意思還不能直接使用，要化鹽于水(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse mot

13、ivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.第5頁句子結構分析： 破折號（同位語）等解釋性句式結構 。翻譯時可套用結構，“主句, 即” 分解破折號后句子，two principal forces分別指： a. the immigration of European peoples （with their varied ideas, customs and national characteri

14、stics） b. the impact of a new country which modified these traits詞語分析： varied ideas：“不一樣想法”，按照語境，貼合文意，譯為“思想各異” customs and national characteristics：“風俗與民族特征”，平時要掌握一些慣用表示modify：If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it. 修改，改良，改進The club members did agree to modif

15、y their recruitment policy.俱樂部組員確已同意修改他們入會政策。直譯：美國是兩種主要力量產物：即思想、風俗習慣、民族性格各異歐洲移民，以及新建立國家對歐洲移民這類特質進行改造后所帶來影響。意譯：有兩股主要力量形成了美國：一是歐洲移民帶來各式思想、風俗和民族特征，二是這個新國家本身在融合上述特征之后帶來影響。(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces (the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs a

16、nd national characteristics )and (the impact of a new country which modified these traits).第6頁句子分析：主干： But the force of A，B，and C caused significant changes. A、B、C分別是三個名詞性短語 詞語分析： interplay varied national groups：不一樣國家移民群體，即民族 譯1：不過美國獨特地理條件，各個民族之間相互影響，以及在原始新大陸上推行舊世界老一套方法難度，帶來了巨大改變。 去形式化譯2：但因為美國特有地理條

17、件,不一樣民族相互作用,以及維護原始傳統方式純粹困難,新大陸引發了（發生了）重大改變。 此譯文增添了主語，新大陸英漢思維差異，英語重客觀陳說，此句重心在于帶來改變三種力量。基本句型：A cause/bring B （A造成/帶來B）eg：Over thirty years of reform and opening up has brought great development of Chinas economy. 改革開放三十多年間，中國經濟取得巨大發展。The economic crisis brought sustained plunge of the economic growth

18、rate. 因為發生經濟危機, 經濟增速連續下滑.(48) But the force (of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent） caused significant changes.第7頁句子分析：主干： The first shiploads of immig

19、rants bound for the territory crossed the Atlantic.詞語了解： bound for：開往，駛往，前往 bound East for Cardiff 駛向東方卡笛夫其余支結構為地點和時間英漢思維：漢語：時間，地點，事件英語：事件，地點，時間eg：5月12日，14：28：04，四川汶川地域發生了8級地震An earthquake measuring at 8M hit Wenchuan area of Sichuan Provence in Southwest China at 14：28：04.譯1：在15-16世紀發覺美洲大陸一百多年之后，第一

20、批載滿移民航船橫跨大西洋駛向這片土地/領土，即今天美國。譯2：十五世紀和十六世紀探索發覺了北美洲，又過了一百多年，第一艘滿載移民航船跨過大西洋駛向這片土地，即現在美國。(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory （which is now the United States） crossed the Atlantic （more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.）第8頁句子結構：The virgin forest was a real treasure-house.詞語翻譯： richness and variety of treesMaine all the way down to Georgia譯1：樹木豐饒、樹種多樣原始森林從緬因州一直延伸至佐治亞州，著實是一座寶庫。譯2：原始森林，有著種類繁多林木，從