1、篇章翻譯（四）旅游宣傳資料翻譯Translation of Publicity Materials of Tourism 1生動形象，類似文學作品語言這些從絕崖頂部飛瀉而下，從茂密的林間穿越直瀉，如珠簾垂空，如玉帛迎風，如天女散花。Some waterfalls cascade down from steep precipices and rolls ahead rapidly through dense forests; others look like curtains with a lot of sparkling pearls; some are like jade ribbons i

2、n the wind; others look as if a goddess is giving off flowers.2翻譯中應注意語言差異意義語境和引申(Contextual and Extended Meaning)文字重復和簡練(Repetition and Succinctness)主語省略和增添(Subjectlessness and the Subject)語態被動和主動(Passive and Active Voices)句子意合與形合(Parataxis and Hypotaxis)結構分割與合并(Structural Dividing and Joining)3翻譯中應

3、注意文化差異價值觀念的差異思維方式的差異審美情趣的差異4目的論(Skopostheory) 翻譯“目的論”是由德國功能派學者Vermeer 和Christiane Nord 提出來的。 ”目的論”的核心是“目的決定手段” (the translation purpose justifies the translation process. “the end justifies the means”目的論是旅游翻譯的指導性理論。 旅游宣傳資料的目的是傳播中國文化，吸引游客，讓外國人看懂、聽懂、讀懂。 5翻譯原則“以中國文化為取向；以譯文為重點。” （張寧）所謂以中國文化為取向，就是盡量保留中國文

4、化信息，盡量多地宣傳中國文化，因為了解中國文化是外國旅游者的重要目的，而翻譯的主要目的就是促進文化交流。所謂以譯文為重點，即指翻譯旅游資料時，既要忠實于原文又不拘泥于原文。要從譯文讀者的角度出發，對信息進行適當調整，讓他們好讀好懂。6旅游翻譯的方法（I）直譯音譯直譯加意譯意譯7旅游景點名稱的翻譯 旅游景點名稱均有“專名”以及“通名”，換句話說, 景點名稱都和人的名字一樣“有名有姓”。 8 “太和殿”的“殿”、“廣德樓”的“樓”、“永定橋”的“橋”，都是用來區分這類景點以及其他類景點的標志，“殿”、“樓”、“橋”就是這些景點的“姓”。 而“名”“專名”就是則是用來區分具體某一事物與同一類其他事物

5、的標志。比如：“太和殿”、“中和殿”、“保和殿”，中“太和”、“中和”、“保和”就是區分這三個建筑物之間的標志。 9音譯 1. 太和殿 - Taihedian 2. 中和殿 - Zhonghedian 3. 保和殿 - Baohedian 4. 乾清宮 - Qianqinggong 5. 交泰殿 - Jiaotaidian 6. 坤寧宮 - Kunninggong 7. 三潭印月- Santanyinyue 8. 鷹嘴巖 - Yingzuiyan 10音意雙譯：專名音譯，通名意譯 1. 太和殿 - Taihedian Hall 2. 中和殿 - Zhonghedian Hall 3. 保和殿

6、- Baohedian Hall 4. 乾清宮 - Qianqinggong Palace 5. 交泰殿 - Jiaotaidian Hall 6. 坤寧宮 - Kunninggong Palace 7. 鷹嘴巖 - Yingzuiyan Cliff11意譯： 1. 太和殿 The Hall of Grand Harmony 2. 保和殿 The Hall of Guaranteed Harmony 3. 文華殿 Hall of Literary Glory 12 4. 三潭印月:（保留原文形象及內涵） Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 5. 紫來洞：（保留原文文化

7、、歷史內涵) Purple Source Cave 6. 寒山寺： Cold Mountain Temple 7. 鷹嘴巖: （保留原文形象） Eagle Beak Cliff 8. 拙政園：Garden of Humble Administrator 9. 獅子林：Lions Grove13音譯和意譯結合： 大觀園: 1. Daguanyuan (Grand View Garden) 2. Daguanyuan or Grand View Garden 瀟湘館：Xiaoxiangguan (Bamboo Lodge) 怡紅院: Yihongyuan (Happy Red Court) 蘅蕪苑

8、: Hengwuyuan (Alpinia Park) 稻香村: Daoxiangcun (Paddy-Sweet Cottage) 大觀樓: Daguanlou (Grand View Pavilion) 綴錦閣: Zhuijinge (Variegated Splendor Tower) 含芳閣: Hanfangge (Fragrant Tower) 蓼風軒: Liaofengxuan (Smartweed Breeze Cot) 藕香榭: Ouxiangxie (Lotus Fragrance Anchorage) 紫菱洲: Zilingzhou (Purple Caltrop Isle

9、)14旅游景點名稱翻譯的統一不統一的現象嚴重： 太湖：Tai Lake; Taihu Lake 黃山：Huangshan Mountain; Huang Mountain 豫園：Yu Garden; Yu Yuan Garden 15統一的辦法： 1. 旅游點名稱如屬漢語“單名”，為了照顧音節和外國人的習慣讀法，最好把名字后面的“湖”、“山”、“園”等同時音譯出來。 2. 如果旅游點名稱是“雙名”， 則不必音譯后面的詞。 洞庭湖：Dongting Lake 雁蕩山：Yandang Moutain 寄暢園：Jichang Garden 16旅游翻譯的方法（II）增譯刪譯轉譯改寫17增譯 （包括“

10、解釋”）翻譯旅游資料要求有針對性，是向外國游客介紹中國的風景名勝。其中有許多民族傳統文化色彩濃厚的東西，在中國婦孺皆知。但譯成英文時要增添理解原文內容所必需的背景知識，如：歷史事件發生的年代，名人的生卒年代，他們的身份及其在歷史上的貢獻，名勝的具體位置等等以幫助外國游客更好地理解。18秦始皇Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221 B.C. 林則徐Lin Zexu, government official of the Qing Dynasty (16361911) and the k

11、ey figure in the Opium War西域The western Regions (a Han Dynasty term for the area west of Yumenguan Pass, including what is now XInjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and parts of Central Asia)19例如：在西安的六十四米高的大雁塔是玄奘西游印度回國后的居留之地。 The 64-meter-high Dayan Pagoda in Xian is the place where Xuan Zang, a great mo

12、nk in the Tang Dynasty, once lived after returning from India.20解釋解釋是指增加的部分是對字、詞、句的字面意思的解釋。例如： 花港觀魚：Hua Gang Guan Yu (Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor) 孤山: Gushan (Solitary Hill)21 三官店里有一株茶花樹，在寒冬臘月開出一束鮮花，摧殘如棉，因此又名“耐冬”。 “There is a camellia tree in the Sanguan Palace bloomingfully in midwinter, so it is

13、 called Naidong, meaning it can stand bitterly cold winters.”（譯者根據原文的字面意思，在句末增加了一個非限定性定語從句，對“耐冬”做了進一步解釋）22湖南省位于長江中下游南部，東經108度至114度，北緯24至30度。因地處洞庭湖之南，所以叫做湖南。 Huan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River between 108 and 114 E longitude and 24 and 30 N latitude.

14、 As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting, the Province has the name Hunan, which means “south of the lake”. 23刪減 對旅游資料中有關中國傳統文化特有的產物，若直接按字面譯成英語，對理解原文沒有任何幫助，甚至外國游客根本就看不懂，應當適當刪改24在我國最早的典籍中，即有關這條河的記載。尚書禹貢：“漆沮既從，灃水攸同”，詩經大雅：“灃水東注，維禹之績”，說明灃水在遠古就是一條著名的河流。Records about the river can be found even in t

15、he earliest Chinese classics, which proves that the Feng River has been well known since ancient times 25“煙水蒼茫月色迷，漁舟晚泊棧橋西。乘涼每至黃昏后，人依欄桿水拍堤。這是古人贊美青島的詩句。青島市一座風光秀麗的海濱城市，夏無酷暑，冬無嚴寒。西起膠州灣入海處的團島，東至嶗山風景區的下清宮，綿延80多華里的海濱組成了一幅絢爛多彩的長軸畫卷。”Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city. It is not hot in summer and not cold i

16、n winter. The 20-km-long scenic line begins from Tuan Island at the west end to Xiaqing Gong of Mount Lao at the east end.26轉譯（類比、借用）把中文資料中有關的內容轉化為外國游客熟悉的同類的內容。“借用手法指借典譯典，借譯語表達式和形象來翻譯源語有特定文化含義的表達式和形象，以求等效”（何自然等，2004）。有的學者稱這種方法為cultural substitution (文化替換)。27如將濟公比作羅賓漢，將梁山伯與祝英臺比作羅密歐與朱麗葉，將蘇州比作意大利的威尼斯。這

17、樣可以簡潔而較為準確的介紹任務或景點，使譯文讀者在自己的文化基礎上理解異國文化情調，加強文化的交流與理解。28改寫（1）對原文句子結構的改寫 由于思維方式不同，中國人和西方人寫作時的推理方法也不同。西方人是直線思維，多采用演繹推理；而中國人是螺旋式思維，多采用歸納推理。在展開一個話題時，漢語往往迂回曲折，先分說，再總括，多用掉尾句；而英語則開門見山，先總括，再分說，多用松散句。翻譯時有必要對原文的結構加以調整，使其與西方讀者或游客的習慣相吻合 29在四川西部，有一處美妙的去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥語婉轉，流水潺潺。這就是松潘縣的黃龍。One of Sichuans fi

18、nest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountain. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty. 30（2）對原文詩詞的改寫詩詞的翻

19、譯比較困難，改寫可以算作一種補救措施。 31水映山容，使山容益添秀媚，山清水秀，使水能更顯柔情，有詩云：岸上湖中各自奇，山觴水酌兩相宜。只言游舫渾如畫，身在畫中原不知。The hills overshadow the lake, and the lake reflects the hills. They are in perfect harmony , and more beautiful than a picture. 32（3）對原文行文風格的改寫（避虛就實） 漢語和英語在行文風格和修辭上存在較大的差異。漢語旅游資料中有許多華麗辭藻懸、四字詞組只是為了音韻的和諧和渲染氣氛，并無多大實際意義

20、，翻譯時應該調整措辭，將這些虛華之詞用明白曉暢的語言重新表述，使譯文通達流暢，符合英文的表達習慣，增強譯文的可讀性，也更利于外國游客和讀者的理解和接受。旅游翻譯首先應該以旅游者為導向（tourist-oriented）,讓他們聽懂、看懂、讀懂。如果遇到非常主觀性的描述語言，如“重巒疊嶂”、“廣袤無垠”、“分外妖嬈”、“美不勝收”、“爭奇斗艷”、“千姿百態”等等，可以簡單概括一下。這就是改寫。33她（黃河）奔騰不息，勇往直前，忽而驚濤裂岸，勢不可擋，使群山動容；忽而安如處子，風平浪靜，波光瀲滟，氣象萬千。It tears and boils along turbulently through t

21、he mountains and at some places, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples. 34語言功能（Peter Newmark)1信息功能 (informative function)2表情功能 (expressive function)3祈使功能 (vocative function)4美感功能 (aesthetic function)5酬應功能 (phatic function)6元語言功能 (metalingual function)35中國旅游文化的方方面面山水文化聚落文化園

22、林文化建筑文化宗教文化民族文化民俗文化飲食文化詩詞文賦文化書畫雕塑文化戲曲舞蹈文化工藝美術文化花鳥蟲魚文化36 語篇處理： 1）大處著眼，了解其內容，特別是語言在語境中的意義。2）以句子為基本單位，采用各種翻譯技巧。 3）從語篇角度出發，實現意義和文體的最近似、最自然的復制。37 Part II. Exercise: 絲 綢 之 路1. 歡迎各位參加“絲綢之路游”， 為期兩周的游覽將成為您一生中最難忘的經歷之一。 Welcome to our Silk Road Tour. This two-week tour/ trip/ excursion will (may) turn out to b

23、e one of the most unforgettable (memorable) experiences in your life. 38 2. 絲綢之路的歷史可以追溯到公元前2世紀，當時一名中國官員、朝廷使者張騫沿著這條連接亞歐兩大洲的貿易通道出使西域。The Silk Road can be traced back to (traces back to/ dates back to ) the second century B.C., when Zhang Qian, a Chinese official and imperial envoy, went on business to

24、 Xiyu (the Western Region) along this trade route that linked (joined/ connected ) connectingAsia and Europe. 39 3. 這條通道源于長安城（今天的西安），一路穿越陜西省、甘肅省境內的河西走廊、新疆塔里木盆地、帕米爾山區、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及敘利亞，最后抵達地中海的東岸，全程七千公里，其中有四千多公里的路段在中國境內。The route began at Changan City (the present Xian), passed Shanxi province, the Hex

25、i Corridor in (of) Gansu Province, the Tarim Basin and the Pamir mountains in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, as well as such foreign countries as Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, and finally (it) reached (ended at) the eastern coast (shores) of the Mediterranean. Of the routes 7,000 kilometers, over

26、(more than) 4, 000 were within Chinese territory. It was 7,000 kilometers with more than 4,000 in China. (用foreign countries進行概括)40 4. 15世紀前的一千多年里，中國通過這條通道給西域各國帶去了絲綢織物、火藥、造紙術和印刷術。For the more than 1,000 years before the 15th century, through (along, via) this route Chinese brought (dispatched/ deliv

27、ered/sent) to the West (to Western countries) their silk cloth (fabrics), gunpowder, paper-making technique, and printing technique.41 5. 同時，這條通道給我們引進了佛教，伊斯蘭教，以及葡萄、核桃、石榴、黃瓜、玻璃、香水等產品。Meanwhile, through this route, we Chinese introduced from foreign countries Buddhism and Islam as well as such product

28、s as grapes, walnuts, pomegranates, cucumbers, glass and perfume.42 6. 因為中國絲綢是沿著這條道進入西方國家的，所有歐洲學者將此道稱作“絲綢之路”。Since (As, Because) Chinas silk (the Chinese Silk) reached Western countries along this route (followed this road to enter the West), European scholars call (called) it the Silk Road.43 7. 絲綢

29、之路沿途的大批歷史文物、引人入勝的自然風景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使這一長途遠游成了世界上最精彩的旅游項目之一。The Silk Road is abundant (rich) in historical relics, attractive (enchanting) scenery (landscape) and varied local cultures, which make this long trip (journey) one of the worlds most interesting tour programs. 44 8. 在絲綢之路的中國段，沿線散居著許多少數民族，他們對來

30、自世界各地的游客都以禮相待，熱情好客。Along the Chinese section of the route live (reside) many Chinese ethnic minorities (minority nationalities), who are polite and hospitable to visitors from other parts of the world.45 9. 這里的食物和工藝品不同于中國中部的食物和工藝品。這里的民間傳說，如同天方夜譚一般神奇，聽來別有一番情趣。The food and crafts (handcrafts) here dif

31、fer from those in the central part of China (in central China). The legends (folk legends/ folklore) here are as mysterious (miraculous) and fascinating as the stories/tales from the Arabian Nights.46 10. 我社安排的“絲綢之路游”，始于西安古城，止于新疆首府烏魯木齊，期間我們還要游覽蘭州、敦煌以及吐魯番。The Silk Road organized by this travel agency

32、 starts at the ancient city of Xian and finishes at Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang. Along the way, we are going to visit Lanzhou City, Dunhuang for its murals and Turpan Basin.47 11. 沿線您可以領略自然景觀的魅力，欣賞古代藝術家高超的工藝，品嘗地方風味小吃，結識當地居民。En route (Along the route) you will see the charms of the natural scenery, a

33、ppreciate the fine (excellent) workmanship of ancient artists, taste (savor) the local food (delicacies), and meet (become acquainted with) the local people.48 12.這次游覽一定會給您留下可與家人朋友共享的美好回憶。 The tour is sure to leave you wonderful memories which you can share with your family and friends.49 50 Exercise. Please translate the following into English.樂山是一座擁有獨特旅游資源的城市，以世