1、(最新整理)英語意群、重讀、弱讀、連讀、爆破和語調2021/7/261Language is power!語言就是力量！2021/7/262英語句子重音、語調、連讀、弱讀、爆破及意群2021/7/263句子重音Must I stick it on myself?Must I stick it on myself?Must I stick it on myself?在連貫的話語中，不可能所有的詞都同樣重要，必然有些詞較為關鍵，有些詞則相對次要一些。一般來說，關鍵詞需要重讀，這就是句子重音，而其他詞則不必重讀。2021/7/264名詞、實義動詞、形容詞、副詞、數詞、指示代詞、疑問詞和感嘆詞等一般都

2、重讀。而冠詞、介詞、連詞和一般性的代詞則不重讀。Note2021/7/265What s the matter?The sweater is beautiful.Your book is on the desk.He started counting it.He usually gets up at six oclock.2021/7/266助動詞、情態動詞和be動詞是否有句子重音？1. 助動詞、情態動詞和be動詞一般沒有句子重音，但在附加句中可以重讀，在簡答句中則必須重讀：He wont do it, will he? No he wont.You can do it, cant you?

3、Yes, I can.You were trying, werent you? Yes, I was.2. 助動詞、情態動詞和be動詞與not連成一詞時要重讀：She doesnt like the weather here.I cant speak French。They arent waiting for us.He isnt a tech nician.2021/7/2673. be用在一般疑問句句首時，重讀與否均可：Is he a worker? Is he a worker?比較句中的重音在比較句中，重音落在as或than后的代（名）詞上：This is better than th

4、at.John is taller than Bill.Shes as happy as a lark.Hes as sly as a fox.2021/7/268邏輯重音句子的重音總是要表現說話人的思想和他所要表達的意思的重點。有時為了強調，句子中幾乎任何詞都可以有句子重音，包括一些通常沒有句子重音的詞，這種依說話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音。2021/7/269Are you angry with me?Are you angry with me?Are you angry with me?Did you tell my wife?Did you tell my wife?Did you t

5、ell my wife?We heard John talking.We heard John talking.We heard John talking.2021/7/2610語調英語語調主要有降調、升調和平調三大類。不同的語調可以表示說話人不同的態度和不同的隱含意思。英語中同一句話采用不同的語調會產生截然不同的語意概念。如“Yes”。語調具有強烈的感情色彩，它使語言更富有表現力。2021/7/2611用于陳述句I have already read that book. That street is two miles long. 用于特殊疑問句What has happened to h

6、im? Which direction is it to the post office? 注意：特殊疑問句有時可用升調表示請別人重復剛說過的話：What is your major? Where shall we go for the holiday? 降調2021/7/2612用于祈使句Go back to your seat! Please do not hesitate to contact me. 用于感嘆句What a small world! Oh! My poor Mathilde, how youve changed! 用于選擇疑問句中“or”之后的部分Do you want

7、 to ride or walk? Would you like coffee or tea? 2021/7/2613用于一般疑問句Do you mind if I sit here? Can you hand in your compositions today? 注意：一般疑問句有時也可用降調，表示一種不耐煩的口氣，或表示命令等。Are you satisfied? Will you take off your hat, please? 升調2021/7/2614用于羅列中最后一項之前的各項For each incomplete sentence, there are four choic

8、es marked A, B, C, and D. We study Chinese , history , geography , and English. 用于陳述句，表示疑問、懷疑、未定、猜測或期待等Your really want to do it? She might have gone. I think so. 2021/7/2615用于置于句首的狀語短語或狀語從句After dinner , I read a magazine and made telephone calls. While you were writing letters , I was reading a bo

9、ok. 用于并列句的第一個分句，表示句子還未說完My fever is gone , but I still have a cough. My major is English , and I like it. 用于委婉祈使句Excuse me, sir . Can you help me? 用于稱呼語Mrs. Smith , this is Tom Jones. 2021/7/2616用于直接引語后，表示話是誰說的“We are going to Florida,” she said brightly. “How do you feel, boy?” I asked him. 平調2021/

10、7/2617“連讀”是在一個意群內進行的，它是在說話較快時自然產生的一種語音連讀現象。 在同一意群中，前一詞以輔音音素結尾，后一詞以元音音素開頭，在說話或朗讀句子時，習慣上很自然地將這兩個音素合拼在一起讀出來，這種語音現象叫連讀。 連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關，同屬一個意群。連讀2021/7/2618如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。 1.“輔音+元音”come out look at take it off beat it drop in put on bend over keep on an orange read it

11、 one of us half an hour stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in A group of people put on their coats and went out. 2021/7/2619i. 英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結尾，后一個詞是以半元音，特別是/j/開頭，此時也要連讀。 Thankyou. ii. 音

12、的同化也是一種連讀的現象，兩個詞之間非常平滑的過渡，導致一個音受臨音影響而變化。 t d s z+ j 要發生音變。2.“輔音+半元音”2021/7/2620輔音t與j相鄰時，被同化為t：t + j t Nice to meetyou. Cantyou do it?Ill letyou know.Is thatyour car?No, notyet.2021/7/2621輔音d與j相鄰時，被同化為d：d + j dDidyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please? 2021/7/2622

13、輔音s與j相鄰時, 被同化為：s + j God blessyou.Canyou dressyourself?I missyou.2021/7/2623輔音z與j相鄰時, 被同化為：z + j How wasyour vacation?He saysyoure good.2021/7/2624如果前一個詞以元音結尾，后一個詞以元音開頭，這兩個音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。 DoI?Youre ju sohonest.Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me. She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you co

14、me here? She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there. The question is tooeasy for him to answer. 3.“元音+元音”2021/7/2625爆破音/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 和摩擦音/f/，/v/，/W/,其中任意2個相臨時，前一個音會輕音化，即由相關的發音器官做好這個發音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發后面的音。 如果這些音在詞尾，也要輕音化。Si(t) downcontac(t) lensDa(d) told) megoo(d) nightThe girl in

15、 the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. 4.“輔音+輔音”2021/7/2626如果前詞尾輔音與后詞尾輔音相同，前輔音省略。I was so happy.I have got to go. I

16、 have gotta go.(to輕音化為ta)Doyou want to dance? do you wanna dance? (to輕音化為na)Note2021/7/2627以輔音結尾的單詞 + h開頭的單詞，h不發音，與前面的輔音連讀。Tellher I missher.What wil(l he) wilido?Ha(s he) zi doneit before?Mus(t he) ti go?Can he ni do it?Should he di .?Tell him to ask her.Lea(ve him) vim.Note2021/7/26285.“/r/ +元音”如果

17、前一個詞是以-r或-re結尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這時的r 或re不但要發/r/,而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連讀。far away after all for ever a pair of our own there is for example After all, this is our own home.There is a football under it.There are some books on the desk.Here is a letter for you.Here are four eggs.2021/7/2629如果一個音節的前后都有字母r，即使后面的詞以元音開頭

18、，也不能連讀。 NoteThe black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer與and不可連讀） 2021/7/2630當短語或從句之間按意群進行停頓時，意群與意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音與元音出現，也不可連讀。 Isit ahat or a cat?（hat與or之間不可以連讀） Thereisa good book in my desk. （book與in之間不可以連讀） Can you speakEnglish or French? （English與or之間不可以連讀）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomo

19、rrow morning? （meet與 at，eight與or之間不可以連讀） She opened the door and walkedin. （door與and之間不可以連讀）不可連讀的情況2021/7/2631朗讀下列短語，注意連讀 a block_of flats the corner_of the street a tin_of peas the top_of the mountain a piece_of cake in_a foreign country a glass_of water an_instant success a cup_of tea such_a short

20、 time nice clear_air send_it by mail an_English girl wait_a moment a nice_idea a lot_of noise a visit to_India once_in_a while an_apology a waste_of time made_up_of not_in the least in_America War_and Peace out_of date Out_of Africa wait_and see Death_on the Nile have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz Alice_i

21、n Wonderland times_up a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof2021/7/2632Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book

22、. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. He needs a lot o(f) money.朗讀下列句子，注意連讀2021/7/2633朗讀下列文章，注意連讀2021/7/2634 一個英文單詞如果由多個音節構成，那么其中至少有一個音節是重音；如果，音節足夠多的話，那么可能還有次重音以及一個以上的重音。 同樣的道理，一個句子由多個單詞構成，

23、那么，其中總是有至少一個單詞被強讀，而相對來看，其它的單詞會被弱讀。弱讀2021/7/2635弱讀的規則一般是：元音音節弱化成 或i 。如下幾個單詞：at, of, the, to, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, 弱讀的頻率達到90，其中a, an, the, than極少用強式。查字典會發現這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如for: 重讀時f: , 弱讀時 f；as的強讀形式是/ z/ ，弱讀形式是/z/。Note2021/7/2636大多助動詞、系動詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、代

24、詞，都有兩種發音形式：強讀式、弱讀式。這些單詞往往都是單音節單詞。Note2021/7/26371）弱讀形式和強讀形式各自的元音不同。 2）弱讀音節中常常省略了某一個音。弱讀與強讀的區別2021/7/2638如果一個單詞被強讀 ，那么這個單詞中的：長元音會被讀的很清楚，并且顯得更長一些； 雙元音會被讀的很飽滿，并且顯得很有彈性； 落在重音上的短元音都會顯得更長一些； 重音所在的音節可能帶著不同的語調（升調、降調、降升調） 如果一個單詞被弱讀，那么這個單詞中的：長元音會變得短一些（幾乎與短元音的長度相當）； 重音音節會變得與非重音音階一樣輕； 很多元音都會發生變化，向/靠攏； 輕輔音/s/、/t

25、/、/k/、/f/之后的元音/可能會直接被省略掉 2021/7/2639弱讀的形式1.大多數有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了/ /； at / t/ ; as /z/; had / hd/；must /mst/2有少數幾個單詞的弱讀形式變成了i /； be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /i/3.有時，一些常用詞的弱讀形式中省略了一個元音。 am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z /4. 有時，一些常用的弱讀形式中省略了一個輔音。 and / n/； have / v/； would /d/； her /:/2021/7/2640要在連貫

26、說話中應用弱讀形式，不是懂得了道理就能學會的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通過大量的模仿和練習才能學好。2021/7/2641 1) to /t/ but /bt/ I want to come but I cant. 2) and /nd/ Hes rich and famous. 3) than /n/ /n/ Better than that. Hes older than she is. 4) but /bt/ She wants to sing but she cant. 5) such /st/ We have problems, such as pollution.朗讀下列句子

27、，注意弱讀2021/7/2642 6) some /sm/ There are some copies here. 7) any /ni/ There arent any more. 8) he /hi/ Does he want any? 9) her /h/ Ive met her mother. 10) him /im/ Tell him Id like to. 11) them /m/ /m/ I havent seen them yet.2021/7/264312) you /j/ What do you think?13) your /j/ Take your time.14) u

28、s /s/ Let us think it over.15) that /t/ This is the house that Jack built.16) at /t/ At least one.17) for /f/ Its for you.2021/7/264418) from /frm/ He comes from England.19) of /v/ Id love a cup of tea.20) to /t/ You ought to go.21) an /n/ Id like an apple.22) the / /i/ Thats the one.23) am /m/ Im g

29、oing now.2021/7/264524) are / Where are you going?25) is /z/ /s/ Hes here. My hat is here.26) was /wz/ Was he there?27) were /w/ We were very pleased.28) have /hv/, /v/, /v/ Theyve left. Have any been lost?2021/7/264629) had /hd/, /d/ They had better hurry.30) has /z/ What has he done? He has just a

30、rrived.31) do /du/, /d/ Do you think so?32) does /dz/ When does he leave?33) can /kn/, /kn/ Can you hear me?34) could /kd/ Could you do it now?2021/7/264735) should /d/ How should I know? 36) there / There is nothing left. There are not enough.37) shall /l, l/ How shall I do like that? 38) when /wn/

31、 Her parents had been dead when she was a child.39) will /l, l/ He will go back home tomorrow.40) would /wd, d, d/ He would be happy if he had passed the exam.2021/7/26482021/7/2649失去爆破不完全爆破爆破2021/7/2650輔音發音分類按發音方法可分為：爆破音：p b t d k g摩擦音：f v s z h 破擦音：t ts dz tr dr 鼻音：m n 舌側音：l卷舌音：r半元音：w j2021/7/2651

32、 當一個爆破音后面緊跟著另一個爆破音時，前面的爆破音不發生爆破。方法是：對于前一個爆破音，只作發音的姿勢，剛要發出時，立即發出第二個爆破音。這種現象叫做失去爆破。失去爆破2021/7/2652爆破音 + 爆破音 （爆破音：/p, b, t, d, k, g/） what time /wt taim/ goodbye /,gudbai/ bedtime /bedtaim/ big kite /big kait/ 形式2021/7/2653大聲朗讀雙爆破音失去爆破kept blackboard notebook GoodbyeMy father kept working till midnight

33、. Please write the answer on the blackboard. Write the answer in your notebook. Id like to say goodbye to everyone.He has a bad cold today. You should take care of the children. Glad to meet you. 2021/7/26541. book-keeper2. handbag3. blackboard4. September5. sit down6. used to7. that time8. a red ca

34、r2021/7/26559. He used to swim.10. Are you used to the food here?11. I had a bad cold.12. I bought a red handbag.13. Tommy is a good book-keeper.14. He likes to talk big.15. I stop to select the black car pass.16. I expect to join the football team.2021/7/2656 當一個爆破音后面緊跟著一個摩擦音或破擦音時，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：

35、對于前一個爆破音，作好發音的姿勢，剛發出時，立即過渡到第二個摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個爆破音發出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時甚至聽不出來。這種現象叫做不完全爆破。不完全爆破2021/7/2657爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音 （摩擦音：/f, v, , , s, z, , , h/） （破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, t , d/） picture /pik t / big jug /big d / good child /gud taild/ that joke /t duk/ 形式12021/7/2658爆破音 + 鼻輔音或舌邊音 （鼻輔音：/m, n, /）（舌邊音：/l/） good

36、 morning /gud m:ni/ big nation /big nein/ mad man /md mn/ correct note /k rekt nut/ 形式22021/7/2659AdvanceSuccessPictureObjectA good jobMy best friend.2021/7/2660I feel it Thursday He has a good job.Tom is my best friend.Have you got that?Have you heard from Mary?Im not feeling well!He arrived at sch

37、ool at nine!2021/7/2661鼻腔爆破舌邊爆破摩擦爆破破擦爆破不完全爆破2021/7/2662鼻腔爆破爆破音t d和鼻輔音m與n 相鄰，爆破音形成阻礙，發生不完全爆破，在詞末必須通過鼻腔爆破。2021/7/2663/tn/writtenBritaincertainfrightenwhitenesspartnerwitnessat nightstart now what next/dn/hiddenburdenpardonwoodensadnesskidneygood nightred nosebread knife2021/7/2664/tm/ excitement atmos

38、phere a bit more white mice eight men/dm/ admit sad music a good many broad minded2021/7/2665button, garden, midnight, Good morning, sir. Good night. a good mother He often comes home at midnight. He has always been a good neighbor.Her goodness was apparent to everyone.2021/7/2666舌邊爆破爆破音t d k后面緊跟著的是

39、舌側音l時，這種輔音組合在語音學里叫做舌邊爆破。2021/7/2667/ tl / little battle settle cattle bottle/ dl / middlemuddlemodelneedle2021/7/2668Lately, badly, madly, recently, quickly I have been very busy lately. I havent seen him lately. Have you been there lately? He slept badly. His foot was badly hurt. Ive been quite bad

40、ly off recently. 2021/7/2669摩擦爆破爆破音后緊跟著的是摩擦音/f, v, , , s, z, , , h/時，這種輔音組合在語音學里叫做摩擦爆破。2021/7/2670advance You must pay in advance. Can I have an advance on my salary?What would your advice be in this case? What would you advise me to do. Keep that in mind. 2021/7/2671破擦爆破爆破音后面緊跟著的是破擦音/ts, dz, tr, dr

41、, t , d/時這種輔音組合在語音學里叫做破擦爆破。 2021/7/2672Picture, Object I had my picture taken yesterday.Do you know how do you draw a picture?You shouldnt treat women like objects. He stood up and objected in strong language.2021/7/2673pp: ripe pearpb: soap bubblept: cup tie 英國足球淘汰賽pd: deep downpk: pipe cleaner煙斗桿子

42、pg: lamp glass朗讀下列句子，注意爆破2021/7/2674bp: rob Peterbb: rub brisklybt: obtainbd: cab driverbk: Bob camebg: describe Greentp: wet paint2021/7/2675tb: pocketbooktt:fast traintd: great dealtk: not cleantg: white goosedb: card board2021/7/2676dt:good timedd: field daydk: red carddg: good girlkp: silk purse

43、kb: ink bottle2021/7/2677kt: actorkd: public dutykk: black catkg: park gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuit2021/7/2678kg: park gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuitgt: rag timegd: dig down gk: eggcupgg: big girl 2021/7/2679句子意群句子意群是指句子中按意思和語法結構劃分出的各個成分，每一個成分即稱為一個意群。意群可以用“l”符號表示。2021/7/2680 在說話和朗讀時，意群的作用是：如果感

44、到句子很長，一口氣說不下來，可以在意群和意群之間有一個很短的停頓（換氣）。正確的停頓應該在意群和意群之間。同一個意群內不應停頓。 意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的。可以按照個人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可多停頓也可少停頓。Note2021/7/2681意群是根據語義、語法和語調來劃分的。從語義和語法上講，意群必須是表達某種意義的一個（組）詞、一個短語、一個分句、一個主句或者從句。從語調上說，意群必須是可以用降調、聲調或平調來朗讀的一個語調單位。NoteBefore 1949, I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a teacher. 三個意義

45、單位，三個語法單位，三個語調單位。2021/7/2682By the time he arrived / he was completely exhausted.When I leave Beijing / I will leave/ with very fond memories / of the city and its people / and with an increased knowledge of China.E.g.2021/7/2683Reading aloud / is very important / for beginners.Early to bed / and early to rise / makes a man / healthy, happy, and wise.Jane, / whos a brilliant swimmer, / represented Britain / at the Olympic Games.After he took his bath, / he dressed in a hurry, / ran to catch the bus, / and got to his appointment