1、2019湖南中考英語 語篇翻譯話題1事物介紹6Passage 1Some people have to use public transport. Some dislike it and still some use it.1. If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go, there will be serious traffic problems on the road. Luckily, trains are a good form of public transport.British people use tra

2、ins a lot. 2. This is especially so for people who are travelling from London to Paris. Every day about 20 trains leave London. They travel at a very high speed and people feel glad that the trains take only 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Paris. 3. 坐火車比乘公共汽車或汽車快得多。 This is because people have to dr

3、ive cars or buses very carefully and slowly for many reasons, such as speed limits and traffic jams. However, when you are travelling by train, the speed is almost the same and there is no traffic jam for a train.Besides, Londoners think taking a train is one of the safest ways of travelling on the

4、ground. 4. 火車在制造過程中進行了相當(dāng)多的質(zhì)量測試。 More importantly, they will take many safety checks before they are used on the rail track.Whats more, trains in Britain are comfortable and provide fine services for their users. 5. When you are on a London train, you will find that the train has comfortable tables a

5、nd seats where people can sit. They also provide food services and power plugs(電源插頭) for personal computers or mobile phones.素材源自作業(yè)幫 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國人經(jīng)常使用火車作為他們的交通工具，因為他們認(rèn)為火車是最安全的陸上交通，而且倫敦的火車提供了非常舒服的座位和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。1. 如果每個人都有一輛車，并且開車他們想去的任何地方，道路上就會出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的交通問題。【解析】這是一個條件狀語

6、從句，主句是“there will be serious traffic problems on the road”，從句是“If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go”，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。2. 對于從倫敦到巴黎旅行的人來說尤其如此。【解析】這是一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞是people，后面由who引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. Its much faster to travel by train than by bus or by car. 【解析】本句是一個固定句型“its + adj. + to do sth.”。句中

7、涉及比較級需用than；比快：faster。4. Trains take quite a number of quality tests while they are made.【解析】這是一個由while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。主句中“Trains”為主語，“take”為句子的謂語動詞，“quite a number of”作定語修飾“quality tests”，while引導(dǎo)從句。5. 當(dāng)你在倫敦火車上時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)火車上有舒適的桌子和座位，人們可以坐在那里。【解析】這是一個含有定語從句的時間狀語從句。從句是“When you are on a London train”主句是“you wil

8、l find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where people can sit”；在主句中又含有一個定語從句，先行詞是tables and seats，后面由where引導(dǎo)定語從句。Passage 2Each culture has its own taboos（禁忌）. Wherever you travel, never offend （冒犯） the local people.In France, you must speak French. Dont expect to communicate by speakin

9、g English. 1. 法國人以他們的語言為榮。 They dont like speaking another language instead of French at home. Dont rush while eating. 2. If you eat your food quickly, French people will think you are impolite. The French also take great pride in their food, so enjoy what you eat. 3. 眾所周知，法國午餐要持續(xù)三個小時！In Russia, you

10、 should leave home without a credit card: you probably wont find any places where you can use your credit card. Cash is the king. 4. If you bring someone flowers, you should make sure the bouquets （花束） have an odd （奇數(shù)的） number. Even （偶數(shù)的） numbered bouquets are prepared for dead people. In India, don

11、t complain about the food. You can just leave the food that you dislike, but dont offend the people who serve you food. 5. Also people usually dont talk while eating in India.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在法國、俄羅斯和印度這三個國家的文化禁忌。1. The French are proud of their language.【解析】這是一個簡單句。以

12、為榮：be proud of。2. 如果你吃得快，法國人會認(rèn)為你不禮貌。【解析】這是一個條件狀語從句，主句是“French people will think you are impolite”，從句是“If you eat your food quickly”。3. French lunches are known to last for three hours long!【解析】這是一個含有固定搭配的簡單句。眾所周知：be known to.；持續(xù)：last for。4. 如果你給別人送花，你應(yīng)該確保花束是奇數(shù)。【解析】這是一個條件狀語從句，主句是“you should make sure

13、 the bouquets （花束） have an odd （奇數(shù)的） number.”，從句是“If you bring someone flowers”。make sure 確保。5. 此外，在印度，人們吃飯時通常不說話【解析】這是一個while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Passage 3Every year on 15th October, over 200 million people around the world take part in Global Handwashing Day. 1. But why do we have a day for something we do a

14、ll the time? Well, research shows that not enough people often wash their hands with soap. 2. Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year.Sidibe, a public health expert says soap is the most beautiful invention in public health.3. 用肥皂洗你的手可以減少疾病的傳播。 However, washing

15、 hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think. This is partly because there arent enough resources（資源） in poorer countries, but its also because for many people, handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life. 4. 要讓人們改變他們小時候?qū)W到的習(xí)慣是不容易的。 But this is what Global Handwashing Day wa

16、nts to do.In 2008, the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their hands to promote（促進） the first ever Global Handwashing Day. Every year since then, many different events have been held around the world. In 2014, Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight

17、against Ebola, a very serious disease, with events held in affected（受感染的） African countries.5. Today, local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the importance of cleaning hands. The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of peoples lives and improves the health of milli

18、ons around the world.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了每年十月十五日是洗手日。進而介紹了用肥皂洗手的重要性，讓更多的人學(xué)會用肥皂洗手。1. 但是為什么我們用一天的時間去做我們一直在做的事情呢？【解析】這是一個定語從句，先行詞為something，后面的句子“we do all the time”為省略了that的從句。2. 專家認(rèn)為，這導(dǎo)致每年數(shù)百萬人死亡。【解析】這是一個賓語從句。“that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year.

19、”作謂語動詞believe的賓語。3. Washing your hands with soap can reduce the spreading of diseases.【解析】這是一個簡單句，非謂語動詞做主語。減少：reduce，疾病的傳播：the spreading of diseases。4. Its not easy for people to change habits they learned in early childhood.【解析】這是一個固定句型“its + adj. + to do sth.”。小時候：in early childhood；習(xí)慣：habits。5. 今

20、天，地方和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人繼續(xù)利用這一天來宣傳洗手的重要性。【解析】這是一個簡單句。主語為：local and national leaders；謂語為：use；賓語為：the day，賓語補足語為：to spread the importance of cleaning hands。local：當(dāng)?shù)氐摹assage 4If you plan to travel, please think about Todmorden. A small town in England is teaching the world how important it is to grow your own food.

21、 1. 任何空地都用來種植水果和蔬菜。 There are apples, pears, peaches here and there. Everyone can pick them for free. Eight years ago, a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden. She planted vegetables, knocked down the garden wall, and put up a sign saying, “Help yourself!” Today, Pam has completely cha

22、nged the town. 2. A new town has been born, which is called “Edible (可食用的) Todmorden”. Pam explained why she came up with the popular idea. “Its possible and positive. 3. Many people know we have to change, but how to do that is a question.” So one day, she gathered（聚集） all the villagers together. 4

23、. 他們決定立刻做些不同的事。 They did it. Only a short time later, Todmorden became a big garden full of fruit and vegetables. In Todmorden, there is a saying: If you want to eat, youre in.But thats not all. There are more than 700 edible towns appearing around the world, from Canada to Mali.5. People change the

24、 way they think about food and protect the environment at the same time.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了一個能吃的小鎮(zhèn)“托德莫登”。它是由Pam女士發(fā)起并建立，并且以“你想吃，你就進”作為座右銘。這不僅對世界各地起到了積極的帶頭作用，而且對保護環(huán)境也是意義非凡。1. Any open space is used to grow fruit and vegetables.【解析】這是一個簡單句。被用來做某事：be used to do sth.。2. 一個新的城鎮(zhèn)

25、誕生了，叫做“可食用的Todmorden”。【解析】這是一個定語從句，先行詞為town，后面是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。3. 許多人知道我們必須改變，但如何改變是一個問題。【解析】這是一個賓語從句，主語：many people；謂語：know；賓語：we have to change。句子的后半部分是but連接的一個簡單句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。4. They decided to do something different at once.【解析】這是一個簡單句。決定：decide to；不同的：different；立即 at once。5. 人們改變了對食物的看法，同時也保護了環(huán)境。【解析】這是由并

26、列連詞and連接起來的兩個句子。第一個句子是定語從句，先行詞為way，后面是省略了that的一個定語從句。think about考慮；protect 保護。Passage 5Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. 1. As a result, vitamin supplements (補品) are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vi

27、tamins from the food. But medical experts have found small amount of them do nothing to improve health or protect against diseases. In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. 2. People should discuss what vi

28、tamins they take with their doctors. As some vitamins can produce harmful side effects (副作用) when mixed with medicine.Experts, however, say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. 3. 知道自己缺乏一種特殊維生素的人應(yīng)該服用維生素補品。 Some older adults, for example, may not have enough vitamin B-twelve. This is be

29、cause, as people get older, the body loses its ability to take it from food. Also, people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the body makes this vitamin from sunlight.4. 不同的維生素被發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同的食物中。 In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can reach enough of the vitamins our bodies n

30、eed. 5. So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of food every day to make sure that we get enough vitamins.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們是否需要吃維生素補品，以及在吃維生素補品之前，應(yīng)先咨詢醫(yī)生，也介紹了各種維生素分別存在于哪些食物中。1. 因此，維生素補品很受那些擔(dān)心從食物中得不到足夠的維生素的人們的歡迎。【解析】這是一個含有賓語從句的定語從句。 先行詞為people，后面是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。在定語從句

31、中，含有一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作謂語動詞worry的賓語。2. 人們應(yīng)該和他們的醫(yī)生討論吃什么維生素。【解析】這是一個賓語從句。主語為People；謂語為should discuss；賓語為what引導(dǎo)的從句。3. People who know they are short of a special vitamin should take vitamin supplements.【解析】這是一個定語從句，先行詞為people，后面是who引導(dǎo)的一個定語從句。缺乏：be short of。4. Different vitamins are found in different foods

32、.【解析】這是一個簡單句。被發(fā)現(xiàn)：be found。5. 因此，每天吃混合食物，以確保我們獲得足夠的維生素對我們來說很重要。【解析】這個句子前半部分是句型“its + adj. + to do sth.”；后半部分是目的狀語。make sure 確保。Passage 6According to China Daily, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has carried out the experimental operation of the driver-less minibus in Xuhui campus recently. 1. The report

33、 said that the eight seat bus was to be used for campus service. Since May 2nd, the buses have safely transported more than 1,000 passengers at the highest speed of 15 kilometers per hour. .It was developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a company that researches the automatic（自動的） driving sys

34、tem. 2. Under the guidance of the cloud map, the bus can catch the passengers and take them to the station they choose. Passengers need to pay by scanning the QR code（掃描二維碼） on the bus. 3.徐匯校區(qū)內(nèi)有四個站點。 In the bus, passengers can use the touch screen or the voice system to change the destination.4.這輛公共

35、汽車不僅在天氣晴朗的時候運轉(zhuǎn)良好。It even can normally work when it rains or snows. Whats more, it is also good for the environment. It uses electricity instead of oil. The charging（充電） of five to six hours will ensure（確保）a whole days operation.The driver-less bus will make our life more convenient and easier. 5. Th

36、ere is no doubt that they will appear in more and more cities.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了上海交通大學(xué)徐匯校區(qū)試行無人駕駛巴士這一消息及無人巴士的運行模式。1. 報告說，八個座位的巴士將用于校園服務(wù)。【解析】這是一個賓語從句，主語為report；謂語為said，that引導(dǎo)的句子作said的賓語。be used for用于。2. 在云地圖的引導(dǎo)下，公共汽車可以接到乘客并把他們帶到他們選擇的車站。【解析】guidance引導(dǎo)；cloud map云地圖；take sb.

37、to the station帶某人到某個車站。3. There are four stops in the Xuhui campus. 【解析】這是一個there be句型。遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則。站點：stop。4. The bus not only works well on fine days【解析】work well：工作狀況良好。晴朗的天氣：fine day。5. 毫無疑問，它們將在越來越多的城市出現(xiàn)。【解析】 no doubt毫無疑問的；appear出現(xiàn)；more and more越來越。話題2咨詢建議4Passage 7Do you dream of growing up quickl

38、y so you can spend your own money? Do you want to make some money by yourselves?Collect soft drink cans(罐).1. 你可以把飲料罐賣掉，用錢買一個新籃球上。At the same time, youll be keeping the environment clean!Sell used books.2. You may have some books that you have read but you dont want to keep. Then you can sell them t

39、o make money.Make cards.3. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a computer. Your friends may want them for special days. 4. 如果你們雙方都同意的話，你可以低價賣給他們。Be a teacher.Want to be a teacher in the future? Start practicing now. Are you good at math or readi

40、ng, or playing musical instruments? 5. You can teach younger children how to get better grades or give them music lessons.What are you good at? What do you like to do? Make sure its safe and legal(合法的). 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文就如何自己掙錢提出了幾點建議。1. You can sell the cans and use the

41、 money for a new basketball. 【解析】這是一個簡單句，用錢買籃球：use the money for a new basketball。2. 你可能有一些你讀過的書，但你不想保留了。 【解析】這是一個定語從句，先行詞為some books，后面為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。3. 如果你擅長繪畫，試著為生日制作特別卡片，無論是用手還是用電腦。【解析】本句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。從句為“ If you are good at drawing”；主句為“try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or wit

42、h a computer.”。4. You can sell them your cards at a low price if both of you agree. 【解析】這是一個條件狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。低價：at a low price。5. 你可以教年幼的孩子如何取得更好的成績或給他們上音樂課。【解析】這是一個含有賓語補足語的簡單句。主語為you，謂語為teach和give，賓語為younger chidren，賓語補足語為“ how to get better grades”和“them music lessons”。Passage 8We often have pract

43、ice for a fire at school, and we all know the danger of fires. 1. 因此，對于一個家庭來說，學(xué)習(xí)如何為火災(zāi)做準(zhǔn)備是很有必要的。 Here are some suggestions.Put a smoke alarm（警報） in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. 2. The alarm makes a loud sound, which tells everyone to leave the house at once.Make escape pla

44、ns. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. 3. 該計劃的一部分是檢查所有的窗口，以確保它們可以被輕松地打開。Buy fire extinguishers（滅火器）and put them in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.Practice for a fire. 4. We do fire practice because we

45、 teach children some things about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:Dont open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.5. W

46、hat will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Dont run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out.There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time. 1. _2

47、. _3. _4. _5. _Passage 8【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了預(yù)防火災(zāi)的建議以及火災(zāi)發(fā)生時應(yīng)遵循的規(guī)則。1. So its necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.【解析】本句是一個固定句型“its + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”；為火災(zāi)做準(zhǔn)備：prepare for a fire。2. 警報發(fā)出響亮的聲音，讓每個人立刻離開房子。【解析】本句是一個定語從句。先行詞為sound，后面為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。3. Part of the plan is to check

48、all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.【解析】本句是一個簡單句，屬于主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，“ to make sure they can be opened easily”屬于目的狀語。檢查：check；確保：make sure。4. 我們做防火練習(xí)是因為我們教孩子一些關(guān)于消防安全的東西。【解析】本句是一個原因狀語從句。后面的從句“because we teach children some things about fire safety”表示原因。5. 如果你的頭發(fā)或衣服開始燃燒，你會怎么做？【解析】這是一個條件狀語從句。主句為

49、“What will you do”，從句為“if your hair or clothes start to burn”。Passage 9People cant see you when youre speaking on the phone, but they can hear you. 1. 所以，你說話的方式尤其重要。 In fact, researchers have found that 80% of communication over the phone is through your tone（語氣）of voice; and only 20% is from the words you use. 2. Here are some tips on how to speak over the phone.Volume（音量）3. If you speak too loudly, you could sound angry. And if you speak too softly, itll be difficult to hear you. So, speak loudly enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that youre s