1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上一、 漢譯英1、 時分多址：TDMA （Time Division Multiple Address/ Time Division Multiple Access）2、 通用無線分組業務：GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service3、 國際電報電話咨詢委員會：CCITT4、 同步數字體系：SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy （同步數字序列）5、 跳頻擴頻：FHSS frequency hopping spread spectrum6、 同步轉移模塊：STM synchronous transfer module7、

2、 綜合業務數字網：ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network8、 城域網：MAN Metropolitan Area Network9、 傳輸控制協議/互聯網協議：TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol10、 服務質量：QOS Quality of Service11、 中繼線：trunk line12、 傳輸速率：transmission rate13、 網絡管理：network management 14、 幀結構：frame structure15、 移動手機：Mobile Phon

3、e 手機 Handset16、 蜂窩交換機：（Cellular switches）（電池開關cell switch）(cell 蜂房)17、 天線：Antenna18、 微處理器：microprocessor19、 國際漫游：International roaming 20、 短消息：short message21、 信噪比：SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)22、 數字通信：Digital communication23、 系統容量：system capacity24、 蜂窩網：cell network（cellular network）（Honeycomb nets） 2

4、5、 越區切換：Handover26、 互聯網：internet27、 調制解調器：modem28、 頻譜：spectrum29、 鼠標：Mouse30、 電子郵件：electronic mail E-mail31、 子網：subnet32、 軟件無線電：software defined radios33、 網絡資源：network resources二、 英譯漢1、 mobile communication：移動通信2、 Computer user：計算機用戶3、 Frame format：幀格式4、 WLAN：wireless local area network 無線局域網絡5、 Com

5、munication protocol：通信協議6、 Transmission quality：傳輸質量7、 Remote terminal：遠程終端8、 International standard：國際標準9、 GSM：全球移動通信系統Global System for Mobile Communications10、 CDMA：碼分多址Code Division Multiple Access11、 ITU：國際電信聯盟International Telecommunication Union12、 PCM：pulse code modulation 脈沖編碼調制13、 WDM：波分復用

6、Wavelength Division Multiplex14、 FCC：聯邦通信委員會 Federal communications commission15、 PSTN：公用電話交換網Public Switched Telephone Network16、 NNI：網絡節點借口Network Node Interface17、 WWW：萬維網World Wide Web18、 VOD：視頻點播Video-On-Demand19、 VLR：訪問位置寄存器Visitor Location Register20、 MSC：移動交換中心Mobile Switching Centre21、 HLR：

7、原籍位置寄存器Home Location Register22、 VLSI：超大規模集成電路Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits23、 Bluetooth technology：藍牙技術24、 Matched filter：匹配濾波器25、 ADSL：非對稱數字用戶環路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop非對稱數字用戶線路(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)26、 GPS：全球定位系統Global Position System27、 ATM：異步傳輸模式Asynchronous Tra

8、nsfer Mode專心-專注-專業三、漢譯英1、脈沖編碼調制（PCM）依賴于三個獨立的操作：抽樣、量化和編碼。PCM is dependent on three separate operations: sampling, quantizing and coding。2、像TCP和IP那樣的協議已經被設計出來，當然，它們還需要被更新和維持。Protocols like TCP and IP have already been designed，of course，but they need to be updated and maintained。3、碼分多址是一種前景廣闊的寬帶數字工作系統

9、。One form of digital wide band operation which has good future potential is CDMA。4、互聯網是可提供很多網絡資源的最大的信息庫。The internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very large network resources.5、開發蜂窩式移動電話系統并將其在許多城市中推廣應用的原因之一是傳統的移動電話系統存在容量有限、服務性能差、頻譜利用率低的缺點。One of many reasons for develop

10、ing a cellular mobile telephone system and deploying it in many cities is the operational limitations of conventional mobile telephone system; limited servile capability，poor service performance，and inefficient frequency spectrum utilization.6、來自發端借口不見的定時新號被加到數據調 制解調器上，以使計算機與數傳機同步。在接收端，從數據流中取出同步脈沖式計

11、算機同步。Timing signals from the interface assembly at the transmitter are applied to the data modem to synchronize the computer and the data set. At the receivers synchronization pulses are derived from the data stream to synchronize the computer.7、我們正處于通信網絡革命的開始，越來越大的容量需求，各種各樣的應用，以及服務質量正在對光網絡提出巨大的需求。W

12、e are at the beginning of a revolution in communications networks, where increasing capacity, variety of applications, and quality of service are placing enormous demands on the optical network.8、目前在歐洲正在開發第三代移動通信系統，其目的是要綜合第二代系統的所有不同業務并覆蓋更廣泛的業務（話音、數據、視頻、多媒體）范圍，而且還要與固定電話網絡的技術發展保持一致和兼容。The third genera

13、tion mobile communication system currently being developed in Europe, intended to integrate all the different services of the second generation system and cover a much wider range of broadband services (Voice、data、video、multimedia)consistent and compatible with technology developments taking place w

14、ithin the fixed telecommunication networks. 9、在現代對多媒體的描述中，我們所具有的技術已開始向人類具有的能力邁進；通過使用計算機技術、軟件和其他技術，如CD-ROM。不僅能將視頻圖像和音頻綜合在一起，而且可以與其他計算機用戶進行交互工作。In the modern presentation multimedia we now have the technology that can begin to move towards an ability already held by the human beings in that by using c

15、omputer, technology, software and other technology, such as CD-ROM not only can we bring together audio and visual images but interactive with other computer users.10、為彌補這些問題，要在基本結構中加入大量的高效中繼線。高效中繼線用于直接連接有大量的節點間通信業務量的各交換中心。通信量常常是通過網絡中可用的最低層次傳送的。To compensate for these problems, a large number of hig

16、h usage trunks augment the basic architecture. High-usage trunks are used for direct connection between switching centers with high volumes of internodes traffic. Traffic is always routed through the lowest available level of the work.11、光纖網絡的革命剛剛開始，并正快速向未來的帶寬無線、可靠和低費用的在線世界發展。The revolution of optic

17、al network is just beginning, and is advancing very swiftly toward a future online world in which bandwidth is essentially unlimited、reliable and low-cost.12、實際設備通常使用8kHz的采樣速率，而如果每個樣值用8位碼的話，則話路是由一個重復速率64kHz的脈沖流來表示。Practical equipments, however, normally use a sampling rate of 8 kHz, and if 8 digits

18、per sample value are used the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64 kHz.13、是由于SDH設備在這些方面的標準化，才提供了網絡運營者所期望的靈活性，從而能低價高效地應付帶寬方面的增長并為后十年中出現的新的用戶業務作好準備。It is the standardization of these aspects of SDH equipment that will deliver the flexibility required by

19、network operators to cost effectively manage the growth in bandwidth and provisioning of new customer services expected in the net decade.四、英譯漢1、The cellular concept is defined by two features, frequency reuse and cell splitting. Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same fr

20、equency in coverage areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference. This allows handling of simultaneous calls that exceed the theoretical spectral capacity. Cell splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum=m and the cell is then divided int

21、o a micro-cellular system. The shape of cell in a cellular system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve.蜂窩的概念由兩個特點決定，頻率復用和小區分割。在相鄰覆蓋區域足夠遠的而不至于引起共用信道干擾的，通過使用同一頻率的無線信道，頻率再利用才起作用。這樣可以出來同時出現的呼叫并超出理論頻譜容量。當小區的業務需求增到最大時，就要被劃分，小區就要被劃分成更小的蜂窩系統區域，蜂窩系統的小區形狀常被描述成六邊形，一

22、群小區數量可以是9個或12個。2、Before you can use the Internet, you must choose a way to move data between the Internet and your PC. This link may be a high-speed data communication circuits, a local area network (LAN), a telephone line or a radio channel. Most likely, you will use a Modem attached to your teleph

23、one line to talk to the Internet. Naturally, the quality of your Internet connection and service, like many other things in life, is dictated by the amount of money you are willing to spend.Although all these services can well satisfy the needs of the users for information exchange, a definite requi

24、rement is needed for the users. Not only should the users know where the resources locate, but also he should know some operating commands concerned.在使用Internet之前，必須使用一種方法在呢的PC機和Internet之間傳遞數據，這種連接的鏈路可以是高速數據通道電路，局域網，電話線路或無線信道。最有可能的是，你使用Modem連到電話線上與Internet對話。當然像生活中許多其他事物一樣，與Internet連接服務和質量是由你花錢的數量來決

25、定的。雖然這些所有的服務可以很好滿足用戶交換信息需要，但用戶仍舊需要具有特定的先決條件，用戶不但要知道信息資源的位置而且要知道一些有關的操作命令。3、Packet switching achieves the benefits discussed so far and offers added features. It provides the full advantage of the dynamic allocation of the bandwidth, even when messages are long. Indeed, with packer switching, many pa

26、ckets of the same message may be in transmission simultaneously over consecutive links of a path from source to destination, thus achieving a pipelining effect and reducing considerably the overall transmission delay of the message as compared to message switching. It lends to require smaller storag

27、e allocation at the intermediate switches. It also has better error characteristics and leads to more efficient error recovery procedures, as it deals with smaller entities. Needless to say, packer switching presents design problems of its own, such as the need to reorder packets of a given message

28、that may arrive at the destination node out of sequence.分組交換除具有以上討論的有點之外，還具有一些特點。它提供帶寬動態分配的全部優勢，甚至當報文很長時依然如此，由于有分組交換，一個報文的多個分組確定可以通過原點到終點通路中多個鏈路同時傳送，因而道道“管道”傳送的效應，與報文交換相比，他大大的減少了報文整體傳送時延。在中間交換設備中這種方式只需要較小的存儲分配區域。分組交換的誤碼特性較好，由于它只涉及很短的長度，因而導致更高效的糾錯方式。當然，分組交換也有自身設計上的麻煩，例如，當報文無序到達目的節點時，需要重新對該報文進行分組排序。4、

29、As more and more systems join the Internet, and as more and more forms of information can be converted to digital form, the amount of stuff available to Internet users continues to grow. At some points very soon after the nationwide Internet started to grow, people began to treat the Net as a commun

30、ity, with its own tradition and customs.隨著越來越多的系統連接到互聯網，越來越多的信息被轉化為數字形式，互聯網用戶可利用的資料持續增長，在不久的將來當國內互聯網的規模增加到一定程度時，人們開始把互聯網當做社區對待，并且擁有自己的傳統和習慣。5、Three components are involved in a basic optical fiber system: the light source, the photo detector, and the optical transmission line. The optical light sour

31、ce generates the optical energy which serves as the information carrier, similar to a radio wave source supplying electromagnetic energy at radio wave wavelengths as the information carrier. The optical photo detector detects the optical energy and converts it into an electrical form. The optical fi

32、ber transmission line is the equivalent of copper wires and function as the conductor of optical energy.基本的光纖系統涉及到3個部分：光源、光檢測器和光纜。光源產生的能力作為信息的載體，類似于具有電磁能的無線電波用波長作為信息載體，光檢測器檢測光能并將其轉化為電能的形式，光纜等效于銅線具有傳導光能的作用。6、The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxial cable to op

33、tical fiber and satellite. The national standards are different, but with common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. For mobile the problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and system. Thus in mobile the question of stan

34、dards is far more crucial to success than fixed systems.The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposed as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the U.S. The idea came out of the need to increase network capacity and got round the face that broadc

35、ast mobile networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by a very small number of simultaneous calls. The power of the cellular system was that it allowed frequency reuse.全球范圍內的固定電話通過同軸電纜、光纜和衛星相連。盡管各國的通信標準不同，但是由于有共同的接口和接口轉換設備，互連問題得以解決。對于移動通信存在漫游問題，網絡和系統就比較復雜，所以移動通信的標準問題就更關鍵。1940年有

36、美國貝爾系統工程師提出的蜂窩通信原理是GSM系統的基礎，其思路是在人口密集的區域由于一些同時發起的呼叫導致網絡擁塞，采用蜂窩系統可以增加系統的容量，蜂窩系統的優點在于頻率的重復利用。7、The advantage of SDH are mainly reflected in the following:1)Lower network element costs: With a common standard, compatible equipment will be available from many vendors. In a highly competitive market pric

37、es will be vary attractive. 2) Better network management: With better network management, operators will be able to mote efficiently use the network and provide better service. The concept of TMN(Telecommunication Management Networks)is under study by CCITT. Some TMN standards defining management sy

38、stem interfaces already exist.3)Faster provisioning: If new circuits can be software defined to use existing spare bandwidth then provisioning will be mush faster. The only new connection needed will be from the customers premises to the nearest network access node.SDH的優點是：1、較低的網絡成本：由于具有共同的標準，許多供應商提

39、供的設備可以兼容，激烈的時長競爭可以降低成本，2、更好的網絡管理：運營商有能力提供更有效的業務，電信網管標準正在由CCITT指定，定義管理接口的相關標準已經出臺。3、快速準備：如果新的電路可被軟件來定義，利用現有的空閑頻段從用戶到最近的網絡節點，接入的準備工作將更快。8、If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detection the presence or absence of the pulse.