1、.經濟學英語詞匯1、General terms 一般術語. v.economist 經濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經濟capitalist economy 資本主義經濟collective economy 集體經濟planned economy 方案經濟controlled economy 管制經濟rural economics 農村經濟liberal economy 自由經濟mixed economy 混合經濟political economy 政治經濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關自守primary sector 初級成分private

2、sector 私營成分,私營部門public sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經濟渠道economic balance 經濟平衡economic fluctuation 經濟波動economic depression 經濟衰退economic stability 經濟穩定economic policy 經濟政策economic recovery 經濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding pany 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長economic trend 經濟趨勢

3、economic situation 經濟形勢infrastructure 根本建立standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購置力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不興旺underdeveloped 不興旺的developing 開展中的. v.2、Capital 資本. v.initial capital 創辦資本frozen capital 凍結資金frozen assets 凍結資產fixed assets 固定資產real estate 不動產,房

4、地產circulating capital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準備金,儲藏金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉基金revolving fund 循環基金,周轉性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準備金reserve fund 準備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sinking fund 償

5、債基金investment 投資,資產investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經費,經費自給bank 銀行current account 經常XX (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票XX (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:c

6、heckbook)endorsement 背書transfer 轉讓,轉帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發行ready money 現錢cash 現金ready money business, no credit given 現金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付現金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign ex

7、change 外匯floating exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation (貨幣)貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 股票市場stock e

8、xchange corporation 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現金配股stock investment 股票投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 股票經紀人stock pany, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, mon stock 普通股preference stock 優先股ine ga

9、in 股利收入issue 發行股票par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街. v.3、Credit 信貸. v.short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期

10、貸款lender 債權人creditor 債權人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現,折扣rediscount 再貼現annuity 年金maturity 到期日,歸還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 歸還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floating debt 流動

11、債務drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼. v.4、Pruduction 生產. v.output 產出,產量producer 生產者,制造者productive, producing 生產的products, goods 產品consumer goods 消費品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,產成品raw product 初級產品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副產品foodstuffs 食品raw material

12、 原料supply 供給,補給input 投入productivity 生產率productiveness 贏利性overproduction 生產過剩. v.5、Expenses 消耗. v.cost 本錢,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定本錢overhead costs 營業間接本錢overheads 雜項開支,間接本錢operating costs 生產費用,營業本錢operating expenses 營業費用running expenses 日常費用,經營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead ex

13、penses 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用. v.6、Profit 利潤. v.ine 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross ine, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit毛利,總利潤,利益毛額net ine 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額

14、average ine 平均收入national ine 國民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值. v.7、taxes 稅. v.duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅ine tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價稅excise ta

15、x 特許權稅basis of assessment 估稅標準taxable ine 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人. v.tax collector 收稅員8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 國際經濟與貿易組織China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿易全國理事會Japan

16、-China Economic Association 日中經濟協會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿易促進委員會International Chamber of merce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協會Univ

17、ersal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵政聯盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯合國貿易與開展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經濟合作與開發組織European Economic munity, EEC, European mon Market 歐洲經濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易聯盟Eu

18、ropean Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易區Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團mittee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國委員會Coordinating mittee, CO 巴黎統籌委員會Caribbean mon Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場加勒比自由貿易同盟Andeans mon Market, ACM, Andeans Trea

19、ty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿易聯盟Central American mon Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy mon Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African mon Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關稅經濟同盟West African Economic munit

20、y, WAEC 西非經濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織monwealth Preference Area 英聯邦特惠區Centre National du merce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿易中心People's Bank of China 中國人民銀行Bank of Chi

21、na 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復興開發銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發協會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經濟與貨幣同盟European Monetary Cooperat

22、ion Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Ban

23、k, IDB 泛美開發銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation XX匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La munaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體Economic and Social Counci

24、l, ECOSOC 聯合國經濟及社會理事會United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯合國開發方案署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯合國資本開發基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯合國工業開展組織United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯合國貿易與開展會議Food and Agricultural Organization, FA

25、O 糧食與農業組織, 糧農組織Economic mission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經濟委員會Economic mission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經濟委員會Economic mission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠東經濟委員會Economic mission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經濟委員會Economic mission for Africa, ECA 非洲經濟委員會Overseas Chinese Investment pany 華僑投資公司New York Stoc

26、k Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦股票市場Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業和航運交易所經濟學常用英語詞匯A. v.accounting 會計accounting cost 會計本錢accounting profit 會計利潤adverse selection 逆向選擇allocation 配置allocation of resources 資源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticit

27、y 弧彈性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿羅不可能定理Assumption 假設asymetric information 非對稱性信息average 平均average cost 平均本錢average cost pricing 平均本錢定價法average fixed cost 平均固定本錢average product of capital 資本平均產量average product of labour 勞動平均產量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均總本錢average variable cost 平均

28、可變本錢. v.B. v.barriers to entry 進入壁壘base year 基年bilateral monopoly 雙邊壟斷benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 極樂點boundary point 邊界點break even point 收支相抵點budget 預算budget constraint 預算約束budget line 預算線budget set 預算集. v.C. v.capital 資本capital stock 資本存量capital output ratio 資本產出比率capitalism 資本主義cardinal ut

29、ility theory 基數效用論cartel 卡特爾ceteris puribus assumption “其他條件不變的假設ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlin model X伯倫模型change in demand 需求變化change in quantity demanded 需求量變化change in quantity supplied 供給量變化change in supply 供給變化choice 選擇closed set 閉集Coase theorem 科斯定理CobbDouglas production fu

30、nction 柯布-道格拉斯生產函數cobweb model 蛛網模型collective bargaining 集體協議工資collusion 合謀mand economy 指令經濟modity 商品modity bination 商品組合modity market 商品市場modity space 商品空間mon property 公用財產parative static analysis 比擬靜態分析pensated budget line 補償預算線pensated demand function 補償需求函數pensation principles 補償原那么pensating var

31、iation in ine 收入補償變量petition 競爭petitive market 競爭性市場plement goods 互補品plete information 完全信息pleteness 完備性condition for efficiency in exchange 交換的最優條件condition for efficiency in production 生產的最優條件concave 凹concave function 凹函數concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 本錢不變產業constant re

32、turns to scale 規模報酬不變constraints 約束consumer 消費者consumer behavior 消費者行為consumer choice 消費者選擇consumer equilibrium 消費者均衡consumer optimization 消費者優化consumer preference 消費者偏好consumer surplus 消費者剩余consumer theory 消費者理論consumption 消費consumption bundle 消費束consumption bination 消費組合consumption possibility cur

33、ve 消費可能曲線consumption possibility frontier 消費可能性前沿consumption set 消費集consumption space 消費空間continuity 連續性continuous function 連續函數contract curve 契約曲線convex 凸convex function 凸函數convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 本錢cost benefit analysis 本錢收益分cost function 本錢函數cost minimization 本錢極小化Cou

34、rnot equilihrium 古諾均衡Cournot model 古諾模型Crossprice elasticity 穿插價格彈性. v.D. v.deadweights loss 重負損失decreasing cost industry 本錢遞減產業decreasing returns to scale 規模報酬遞減deduction 演繹法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲線demand elasticity 需求彈性demand function 需求函數demand price 需求價格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折舊deriva

35、tive 導數derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差異商品differentiated oligoply 差異寡頭diminishing marginal substitution 邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return 收益遞減diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接稅discounting 貼稅、折扣diseconomies

36、of scale 規模不經濟disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 勞動分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 邊際生產率分配論duoupoly 雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality 對偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 動態分析dynamic models 動態模型. v.E. v.Economic agents 經濟行為者economic cost 經濟本錢economic efficiency 經濟效率economic goods 經濟物品eco

37、nomic man 經濟人economic mode 經濟模型economic profit 經濟利潤economic region of production 生產的經濟區域economic regulation 經濟調節economic rent 經濟租金exchange 交換economics 經濟學exchange efficiency 交換效率economy 經濟exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線economy of scale 規模經濟Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思圖exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contrac

38、t curve 埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率參數elasticity 彈性elasticity of substitution 替代彈性endogenous variable 內生變量endowment 稟賦endowment of resources 資源稟賦Engel curve 恩格爾曲線entrepreneur 企業家entrepreneurship 企業家才能entry barriers 進入壁壘entry/exit decision 進出決策envolope curve 包絡

39、線equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡條件equilibrium price 均衡價格equilibrium quantity 均衡產量eqity 公平equivalent variation in ine 收入等價變量excesscapacity theorem 過度生產能力定理excess supply 過度供給exchange 交換exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原那么existence 存在性existence of general equ

40、ilibrium 總體均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生變量expansion paths 擴展徑expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 顯性本錢external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部本錢external economy 外部經濟external diseconomy 外部不經濟externalities 外部性. v.F. v.Factor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市

41、場factors of production 生產要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供給fallacy of position 合成謬誤final goods 最終產品firm 企業firmsdemand curve for labor 企業勞動需求曲線firm supply curve 企業供給曲線first-degree price discrimination 第一級價格歧視firstorder condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定本錢fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions producti

42、on function 固定比例的生產函數flow 流量fluctuation 波動for whom to produce 為誰生產free entry 自由進入free goods 自由品，免費品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動free rider 搭便車，免費搭車function 函數future value 未來值. v.G. v.game theory 對策論、博弈論general equilibrium 總體均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶 收入補償需求曲線Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之謎Gi

43、ni coefficient 吉尼系數goldenrule 黃金規那么goods 貨物government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調控grand utility possibility curve 總效用可能曲線grand utility possibility frontier 總效用可能前沿. v.H. v.heterogeneous product 異質產品Hickskaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡爾多福利標準homogeneity 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數ho

44、mogeneous product 同質產品homogeneous production function 齊次生產函數horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生產human capital 人力資本hypothesis 假說. v.I. v.identity 恒等式imperfect petion 不完全競爭implicitcost 隱性本錢ine 收入ine pensated demand curveine constraint 收入約束ine consumption curve 收入消費曲線ine distribution

45、 收入分配ine effect 收入效應ine elasticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 本錢遞增產業increasing returns to scale 規模報酬遞增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指數indifference 無差異indifference curve 無差異曲線indifference map 無差異族indifference relation 無差異關系indifference set 無差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個量

46、分析individual demand curve 個人需求曲線individual demand function 個人需求函數induced variable 引致變量induction 歸納法industry 產業industry equilibrium 產業均衡industry supply curve 產業供給曲線inelastic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點information 信息information cost 信息本錢initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創新input 投入inputoutput 投入產出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經濟學insurance 保險intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中間產品internatiz