1、提高英語閱讀理解的技巧我們認為英語閱讀理解要想取得高分需要從兩個方面來著手,因為你想獲得高分就是要在考試的有限時間里將解題的正確率上升到最高。因此,只要你掌握好足夠的解題技術,一切以解題、活的高分為目的,那么你在做題的時候就自然會用到一下的兩個原則。一切從解題的需要出發來閱讀文章1、理解文章的行文思路。英語文章的行文特點一般是相對固定的,結構類型也相對固定。下面以2003年考研英語閱讀理解試題的第二篇文章為例來說明觀點論證型文章的行文特點。因為所有的文章都是來自現實生活。因此,作者的文章必定圍繞著一個主題:“biomedical researches,animal rights advocat

2、es”;作者通常會以引言或事例引出要議論的話題:“To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing”;然后作者必定要提出自己的觀點:“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby

3、threatening advances in health knowledge and care”。接下來作者會用舉例等方法來論證自己的觀點:1.For example, a grandmotherl y woman2.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable wayin human terms, not in the language of molecular biology;在文章的結尾處,作者還會提出解決問題的方法Much can be done。

4、不難看出,熟知文章的行文思路,對解答文章的主旨大意題、段落內的推理判斷題以及作者的觀點態度題都是極有幫助的。我們建議考生朋友們在做了一定量的歷年真題之后,回過頭來總結一下文章的結構特點,這對以后的閱讀和解題都會大有裨益。2、快速弄清楚文章主次內容。一篇文章所包含的內容很多,而試題往往只考查其主要思想觀點和部分細節內容,因此大家在讀完文章后面的閱讀試題后,要確立這樣一個意識:即只關注和查找和試題有關的內容,只要能夠回答問題,不必弄懂每一個細節。這種閱讀方法的依據是,考研閱讀當中的試題60%以上題型為細節題,解答這些試題,只要找到其在原文中的出處,就能夠確定答案,不需要聯系文章的其他內容。閱讀文章

5、當中常常有一些舉例的地方,其所設涉及的人物往往有很長的定語,比如Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatGeorge Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that對于這些細節,我們一般不用對人名后的限制說明部分太注意,重點是看這個人他/她有什么觀點。3、注意文章中的觀點和事實細節。區分事實和觀點是閱讀理解能力最為重要的一環。表明作者觀點的句子一般為判斷句,如,There are reasons

6、 to be optimistic. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization processAll these are beneficial, not detrimental, to customers.文章中事實細

7、節往往帶有更加明顯的標志,如For example, For instance, In America,還有一些數據等都是事實細節的標志。利用一切線索為解題服務1、文章中的連詞和副詞是解題的線索。連詞和副詞是文章當中的重要連接詞。它們使文章的各種內容成為一個邏輯整體。需要大家注意的詞有but、however、nevertheless、while、though、although、and、on one hand-on the other hand、consequently、as a result、consequently、thus等等。這些詞表達著文章當中的并列、因果、轉折等邏輯關系,往往是作者表

8、明自己觀點的依據。2、文章中的例子和引用之處一般會出題。現在最為常考的方式是問作者為什么要舉某個例子或引用某人的話比如,The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that_;The author begins his article with Edmund Burkewords to_。3、文章中帶有形容詞比較級和最高級部分容易出題。大家對the most, further, greater, longer, more complex等字詞要高度敏感,這些地方往往是出題的地方。4、文章當中的結構復雜句往往蘊涵著試題。這類句子通

9、常為,帶有許多插入成分的復雜單句,帶有很多附加成分的復合句,其中以定語從句為多。總之,在考研英語閱讀備戰的中后期,同學們應該以如何在考試當中獲取高分為復習的中心任務,努力培養和提高自己的做題能力和技巧。充分意識到樹立閱讀意識對考研閱讀復習的促進作用,從大處著眼,在具體做題實踐當中將各個小的技巧貫徹落實。特別說明:由于各方面情況的不斷調整與變化,徐綻考研信息網所提供的考試信息僅供參考,敬請考生以權威部門公布的正式信息為準。歷年英語真題翻譯長難句匯編作者:謝俊萍來源:文都教育點擊數:712 更新時間:2009-7-6 文章錄入:謝俊萍【字體:】2009年:1. It may be said tha

10、t the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。譯文:可以說,衡量任何社會制度的價值在于它對擴大和改進經驗的影響,但是這種影響并不是它最初動機的組成部分。2. Only gradually was the by product of the institution noted, and only more gradually

11、still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。譯文:只有逐步才能注意到一種制度的副作用,而要承認這種副作用是執行該制度的一種規定性因素則更加緩慢。3. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults 。譯文:在和年輕人交往時,我們

12、容易忽略自己的行為對他們性格的影響,但是在與成人打交道時卻并不如此容易。4. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。譯文:既然我們的主要任務是讓年輕人參與共同生活,我們禁不住要考慮是否我們正在形成獲得這種能力的力量。5. We are thus led to distinguish,

13、 within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of educationthat of direct tuition or schooling。譯文:因此,我們要在從一直考慮的整個教育過程中辨認出一種比較正規的教育直接教育或者學校教育。2008年:1. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think

14、 long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations。譯文:他達爾文認為,正是這種困難起了彌補作用,使他長時間專注地思考每個句子,從而能在推理和親自觀察中發現自己的錯誤。2. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which re

15、ason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics。譯文:他還認為,在深入理解冗長且完全抽象的一系列觀點方面,自己的能力非常有限;因此,他曾深信自己在數學方面本來就不該獲得成功。3. On the other hand , he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning。譯文:

16、另一方面,一些批評家指責說,盡管他善于觀察,但卻不能推理,他對此既不接受且認為毫無根據。4.He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。”譯文:他謙虛地補充說,或許他“和普通人相比,更能注意到他們容易忽略的細節,更能對這些細節進行仔細觀察”。5. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these ta

17、stes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character。譯文:達爾文認為,失去對音樂和繪畫方面的興趣,不僅失去了幸福,還可能損傷智力,甚至更可能敗壞道德。2007年:1. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather th

18、an a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person。譯文:傳統上,這些院校一直把學習法律看作是律師專有的特權,而不是每個受過教育的人所必備的一部分知識才能。2. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the ne

19、ws。譯文:另一方面,通過采取與新聞記者在報道和評論新聞時一樣的聯系方式,法律把這些觀念同日常生活實際聯系了起來。3. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media。譯文:但是,新聞記者必須比普通公民更深刻地了解法律,這種觀點是基于對新聞媒體既

20、定習俗和特殊責任的認識基礎之上的。4. In fact , it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian constitution can do a competent job on political stories。譯文:事實上,那些沒有清楚把握加拿大憲法基本特征的新聞記者是如何能夠勝任政治新聞報道工作的,要想明白這一點是非常困難的。5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may

21、 enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments。譯文:雖然律師提供的評論和反饋可能會豐富報道的內容,但是新聞記者憑借自己的重要觀點做出自己的判斷則更加難能可貴。2006年:1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of t

22、hinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底way about moral problems。譯文:我認為,知識分子的定義是這樣的:他選擇使用蘇格拉底式的方式來思考道德問題,將此作為自己人生的首要任務,并從中獲得樂趣。2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision。譯文:他的職

23、責與法官相似,要盡可能清楚明白地展示自己作出決定的推理過程,這是他必須承擔的責任。3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 。譯文:我將普通科學家排除在外的原因是,盡管他的成果可能有助于解決道德問題,但是他承擔的任務只不過是研

24、究這些問題的事實方面而已。4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。譯文:但是,正如我們并不期望商人專注于探索商業行為的準則一樣,普通科學家的首要任務也不是考慮支配自己行為的道德規范。5. They may teach very w

25、ell , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。譯文:知識分子可能很善于教書,而且不僅僅是為了掙錢。但是,對于涉及道德判斷的人類問題,他們大多數人很少或者根本沒有進行獨立思考。2005年:1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyeda

26、nd perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。譯文:電視是引發和傳播這些感受的方式之一在連接不同民族和國家之間的關系方面,電視以前也許還從來沒有像在歐洲最近發生的事件中那樣,起過如此重大的作用。2. In Europe , as elsewhere multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring toget

27、her television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。譯文:像其他地方一樣,歐洲的多媒體集團變得越來越成功,他們把相互之間關系密切的電視、廣播、報紙、雜志、出版社組合在一起。3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show tha

28、t out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。譯文:僅這一點就足以表明,要在電視行業里生存不是一件容易的事情;有統計數字進一步說明了這個事實,在1989年歐洲80個電視網中,有50%以上的出現了虧損。4. Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old cont

29、inent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。譯文:不同的文化和傳統把歐洲大陸編織在一起,要創造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統的歐洲特征絕非易事,需要做出戰略性的選擇。5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say United we stand, divided we fall。譯文:在應對如此規模挑戰的過程中,可以毫不夸張地說:聯合,我們就勝利;分裂,我們就失敗。2004年:1. The Greeks assumed that

30、 the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought , which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be。譯文:希臘人認為,語言結構與思維過程之間存在著某種聯系。早在人們認識到語言可能是千差萬別的之前,這種觀點就在歐洲扎下了根。2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,

31、as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。譯文:我們非常感激他們,因為隨著講這些語言的民族的消亡或者被同化,這些民族也就喪失了自己的本族語言,其中一些語言在此之后就不復存在了。3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some sc

32、holars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data。譯文:新近被描述的語言與已被充分研究過的歐洲語言和東南亞語言明顯不同,因此有些學者甚至指責博爾斯和薩皮爾的資料是編造出來的。4. Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought ,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in

33、a society 。譯文:由于對語言與思維的關系非常感興趣,沃夫形成了這樣一個觀點:語言結構決定一個社會的習慣思維結構。5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a soc

34、iety。譯文:沃夫進而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點,該觀點極端地認為:語言束縛思維,語言的語法結構能夠對一個社會的文化產生深遠的影響。2003年:1. Furthermore ,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。譯文:而且,人類還有能力改變自己的生存環境,從而使其他所有形式的生命服從與他們自己特有的想法和想象。2. Social scie

35、nce is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。譯文:社會科學是知識探索的一個分支,它試圖像自然科學家研究自然現象那樣,用理性的、有序的、系統的和客觀的方式來研究人類及其行為。3. The emphasis on

36、 data gathered firsthand ,combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。譯文:強調收集第一手資料,并在分析過去和現在的文化時采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨特的、非常重要的社會科學。4. Tylor defined culture asthat complex whole which i

37、ncludes belief,art,morals,law,custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society。譯文:泰勒把文化定義為一個復合整體,它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術、道德、法律、風俗以及其他的能力和習慣。5. Thus,the anthropological concept of culture ,like the concept of set in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possibl

38、e immense amounts of concrete research and understanding。譯文:因此,人類學中的文化的概念,就像數學中集的概念一樣,是一個抽象概念,它使得大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。或者:因此,就像數學中集的概念一樣,人類學中的文化的概念是一個抽象概念,它使得大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。2002年:1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feeling

39、s, traits of character, human nature, and so on 。譯文:難題之一在于幾乎所有的所謂行為科學仍然是從心態、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去探究行為的根源。2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find 。譯文:行為科學

40、之所以發展緩慢,部分地是因為對行為的解釋好像經常可以直接觀察到,部分地是因為一直難以找到其他的解釋。3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago , and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and stud

41、ied。譯文:自然選擇在進化中的作用僅僅在一百多年前才得以闡明,而對于環境在塑造和維持個體行為中的選擇作用則剛剛才開始得到認識和研究。4. They are the possessions of the autonomous self governing man of traditional theory , and they a re essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。譯文:自由和尊嚴是傳統理論中自

42、主人所擁有的東西,也是一個人在對自己的行為負責并因其成就而受到贊揚的實踐中所必不可少的東西。5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 。譯文:除非這些問題得到解決,否則行為科學將會繼續受到排斥,隨之,唯一有可能解決問題的方法也將受到排斥。2001年1. There will be television chat shows hosted by r

43、obots ,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend。譯文:屆時將會出現由機器人主持的電視談話節目,也會有裝備著污染監控器的汽車,一旦汽車的排污超標,監控器就會使其停駛。2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ,computers with in built personaliti e s will be regarded as workmates rather than tools ,relaxat

44、ion will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived。譯文:兒童將會與裝有個性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有個性內置的計算機將成為人們的工友而非工具,人們將在氣味電視前休閑,屆時數字時代就到來了。3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest

45、 dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place 。譯文:皮爾遜把世界各地數百位研究人員的成果匯集在一起,制成了一個具有獨特技術的千年歷,我們有望從中看到數百項重大突破和發現的最晚日期。4. But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man machine integration : It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that wil

46、l ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the nextcentury 。譯文:但是皮爾遜指出,這個突破僅僅只是人機一體化的開始:它是人機一體化漫長道路的第一步,到下個世紀末之前,將會最終研制出完全電子化的仿真人。5. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitch

47、en rage 。譯文:家用電器將會變得智能化,以至于對它們的控制和操作將會引發一種新的心理疾病廚房狂熱癥。2000年:1. Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 。譯文:在現代條件下,這要求不同程度的中央控制,因此需要獲得專業科學家的幫助,例如經濟學家和運籌學領域的專家。2. Fur

48、thermore ,it is obvious that the strength of a coun trys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry ,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 。譯文:此外,顯而易見的是,一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業的生產效率直接相關,而工農業生產效率的提高又有賴于各類科學家和技術人員的努力。3. O

49、wing to the remarkable development in mass communications ,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above 。譯文:大眾通訊的顯著發展,使各地的人們感到有新的需求,也接觸到一些新的習俗和觀念,基于上述原因,政府常

50、常得推出更進一步的革新。4. In the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all thefar reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century ,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so 。譯文:早期實現工業化的歐洲國家,其

51、工業化的進程以及隨之而來的所有意義深遠的社會結構變革持續了大約一個世紀,然而,如今一個發展中國家10年左右就可能經歷這樣一個過程。5. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 。譯文:人口的猛增,或者大量的人口流動如今,現代交通手段使得這種流動

52、相對容易起來產生的問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。或者:如今,現代交通手段使得大量的人口流動變得相對容易起來;人人口猛增或者大量人口流動產生的問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。節選自考研英語全程備考實用手冊2010年考研英語閱讀專用部分詞匯作者:謝俊萍來源:徐綻考研信息網點擊數:83 更新時間:2009-7-20 文章錄入:謝俊萍【字體:】科普類access time存取時間anti-virus programs殺毒軟件assembler匯編程序bar code條形碼beeper傳呼機buffer storage緩沖存儲器call instruction呼叫指令cellular手機comsat通訊衛星c

53、ordless telephone無繩電話cursor光標cyber crimes網上犯罪cyberspace電腦空間,網絡世界desktop臺式計算機digital television數字電視electronic hearing aid電子助聽器encryption加密fast-forward(放錄像帶等時的快進fiber optic technology光纖技術firewall防火墻flat panel display平板顯示技術floppy disk軟盤genetic engineering基因工程hacker黑客identifier標識符intelligent system智能系統i

54、ntranet內聯網IT-industry信息產業jumbotran(電視機的超大屏幕know-how(技術訣竅laser激光long-distance educational system遠程教育系統microprocessor微處理機minicomputer小型計算機modem調制解調器multimedia多媒體multimedia learning system多媒體學習系統netsurfed網蟲考研英語復習:做翻譯而不是看翻譯作者:謝俊萍來源:徐綻考研信息網點擊數:161 更新時間:2009-6-27 文章錄入:謝俊萍【字體:】在緊張的考研英語復習中,翻譯到底該怎么復習?好多考生都對這

55、個問題感到困惑。在實際復習中,面對考研翻譯,存在兩種趨勢:一種就是盲目的練習,還有一種就是在考試中放棄。筆者多年從事翻譯教學,尤其是考研翻譯教學,接觸到各種不同的論調,也接觸到各種不同的學生。歸納起來,一般需要認識到以下兩種考研翻譯復習中謬論的本質,對自己的復習思路加以及時更正;這樣以來,勢必在復習中掌握到正確的方法,進而在考試中獲得成功的高分。謬論一:復習考研翻譯要多做模擬題說道復習考試,每一個考生馬上就想到需要做翻譯模擬題,于是到處打聽,到處搜集,陷入了一種盲目的資料堆積大戰中。殊不知,找到了復習資料太多,不知道無從下手,其最終結果是:干脆什么都沒有做。其實,復習考研翻譯,什么模擬題都不需

56、要做:只需要牢牢的掌握考研翻譯歷年真題就可以了。為什么?首先,模擬題出題人的水平參差不齊,所選擇的題材和體裁都不一定適合考研翻譯,與真題的由較大差異。這個原因,并不足以說明真題的重要性。其次,真題的重要性在于這些題目是真正的英語專家經過仔細的篩選,按照考研英語的大綱一一核對,并經過審題人的層層審查,最終形成了考試試卷。于是有人問,這些題目還會再考嗎?答曰:肯定不會!那做這些真題有什么用?答曰:考研翻譯復習的秘密就在此。自從我國在上個世紀實行研究生招生制度以來,英語入學考試的所有試題中,翻譯這種題型從來都有。研究生入學考試執行的大約30年來,考研翻譯的題型基本固定,選題范圍基本確定,所有只要做好

57、了這些真題,無論是單詞還是長難句的句型,都在歷年真題中無數次的重復再現。隨便列舉一例:例1 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(考研翻譯05年46題我可以肯定的告訴大家,在這個句子中出現的單詞,大多數都在以前的真題中考過,無論詞匯

58、量小到何等程度,哪怕詞匯量小到幾乎為零。只要做過前面的真題,這個句子的單詞問題就可以解決。上面05年的46題,總共有36個單詞,如果一個單詞基礎為零的同學去參加考研,只要做了前面的真題,我們看看,他能解決好多少單詞。我一一對應,敘述如下:例1的單詞分析:Television(在01年71和72題考過is(出現太多,忽略,不詳述one (出現太多,忽略,不詳述of(出現太多,忽略,不詳述the (出現太多,忽略,不詳述means(在這里是“方式”的意思,這個意思在1993年73和74題,2000年75題考過,而mean作為動詞用是“意味”的意思,也在91年73題考過by(出現太多,忽略,不詳述which these (出現太多,忽略,不詳述feelings(2000年73題,02年61題考過are(出現太多,忽略,不詳述created (基本意思是“創造”,在99年的71題中,考過一個詞recreate,同源and(出現太多,忽略,不詳述conveyed(沒有考過and(出現太多,忽略,不詳述per