1、TRANSLATIONRoutledge Applied Linguistics is a series of compensive resource books,providings and researchers with the support they need for advanced studyin the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics.Each book in the series guidesers through three main sections, enabling themto explo

2、re and develop major themes within the discipline: Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends ers techniques of analysis through practical application. Section B, Extension, brings together inuential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to

3、 the eld. Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the rst two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enablesers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to dev their own research responses.Throughout the book, topics are

4、 revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructe with theTranslation:examines the theory and practice of tran cultural angles, including semand cognitive linguistics, text and discourse analysis, gender studies and post- colonialismdraws on a wide range of languages, including French, Spanish, Germ

5、an,Russian and Arabicexplores material from a variety of sources, such as the Internet, advertisements, religious texts, literary and technical textsgathers together influentialings from the key names in the discipline,including James S. Holmes, George Steiner, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, Eu

6、gene Nida, Werner Koller and Ernst-August Gutt.Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Translation isan essential resource fors and researchers of English language and AppliedLinguistics as well as Translation Studies.Basil Hatim is Professor of Translation and Linguistics at H

7、eriot Watt University, UK and Professor of English and Translation at the American University of Sharjah, UAE. Jeremy Munday is Deputy Director of the Centre for Translation Studies, University of Surrey, UK.ROUTLEDGE APPLIED LINGUISTICSSERIES EDITORSChristopher N. Candlin is Senior Research Profess

8、or in the Department of Linguistics at Macquarie University, Australia, and Professor of Applied Linguistics at the Open University, UK. At Macquarie, he has been Chair of the Department of Linguistics; he established and was Executive Director of the National Centre for English Language Teaching an

9、d Research (NCELTR); and was foundation Director of the Centre for Language in Social Life (CLSL). He has written or edited over 150 publications and from 2004 will co-edit the new Journal of Applied Linguistics. From 1996 to 2002 he was President of the International Associationof Applied Linguisti

10、cs (AILA). He haed as a consultn more than 35 countries andas external faculty assessor in 36 universities worldwide.Ronald Carter is Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English Studies at the University of Nottingham. He has published extensively in applied linguistics, literary s

11、tudies and language in education, and has written or edited over 40 books and 100articles in these elds. He has given consultes in the eld of English language education,mainly in conjunction with the British Council, in over 30 countries worldwide, and is editorof the Routledge Interface series and

12、advisory editor to the Routledge English Language Introductions series. He was recently elected a Fellow of the British Academy for Social Sciences and is currently UK Government Advisor for ESOL and Chair of the British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL).FORTHCOTITLES IN THE SERIESIntercult

13、ural Communication: An advanced resource bookAdrian Holliday, Martin Hyde and John Kullman, Canterbury Christ Church University College, UKTranslation: An advanced resource bookBasil Hatim, Heriot-Watt University, UK and the American University of Sharjah, UAE and Jeremy Munday, University of Surrey

14、, Guildford, UKGrammar and Context: An advanced resource bookAnn Hewings, Open University and Martin Hewings, University of BirhamTranslationAn advanced resource bookBasil Hatim and Jeremy MundayFirst published 2004 by Routledge2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RNSimultaneously publis

15、hed in the USA and Canada by Routledge270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & FrThis edition published in the Taylor & Frs Groups e-Library, 2004.“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Fr collection of thousands of eBooks please go to

16、9; 2004 Basil Hatim and Jeremy Mundays or Routledges.”or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

17、British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataA catalog record for this book has been requestedISBN 0-203-50188-8 Master e-book ISBNISBN 0-203-57110-X (Adobe eISBN 0415283051 (hbk

18、) ISBN 041528306x (pbk)er Format)To Nuria,who came into this world at the same time as this bookand to Sam and Lema, we will make it up to you.ContentsSeries Editors Preface Acknowledgements How to use this bookxiii xv xviiSECTION A INTRODUCTION1Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9

19、Unit 10Unit 11Unit 12Unit 13Unit 14What is translation? Translation strategies The unit of translation Translation shiftsThe analysis of meaningDynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message Textual pragmatics and equivalenceTranslation and relevance Text type in translation Text register in tr

20、anslationText, genre and discourse shifts in translation Agents of power in translationIdeology and translationTranslation in the information technology era31017263440485767768693102112SECTION B EXTENSION121Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Unit 11Unit 12Unit 13Unit 14What

21、 is translation? Translation strategies The unit of translation Translation shiftsThe analysis of meaningDynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message Textual pragmatics and equivalenceTranslation and relevance Text type in translation Text register in translationText, genre and discourse shif

22、ts in translation Agents of power in translationIdeology and translationTranslation in the information technology era123132136142152160169176181187192200206213viiContents SECTION C EXPLORATION219Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Unit 11Unit 12Unit 13Unit 14What is translat

23、ion? Translation strategies The unit of translation Translation shiftsThe analysis of meaningDynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message Textual pragmatics and equivalenceTranslation and relevance Text type in translation Text register in translationText, genre and discourse shifts in transl

24、ation Agents of power in translationIdeology and translationTranslation in the information technology era221226231238243253264272281287295304313321Develowords and cultures some concluding remarks FurtherGlossary Bibliography Index329334354364viiiContents cross-referencedxSection A: IntroductionUnit

25、1What is translation?3Unit 2Translation strategies10Unit 3The unit of translation17Unit 4Translation shifts26Unit 5The analysis of meaning34Unit 6Dynamic equivalence and the receptor ofthe message40Unit 7Textual pragmatics and equivalence48Unit 8Translation and relevance57Unit 9Text type in translat

26、ion67Unit 10Text register in translation76Unit 11Text, genre and discourse shifts intranslation86Unit 12Agents of power in translation93Unit 13Ideology and translation102Unit 14Translation in the information technologyera112xiSection B: ExtensionSection C: ExplorationWhat is translation?123What is t

27、ranslation?221Translation strategies132Translation strategies226The unit of translation136The unit of translation231Translation shifts142Translation shifts238The analysis of meaning152The analysis of meaning243Dynamic equivalence and thereceptor of the message160Dynamic equivalence and thereceptor o

28、f the message253Textual pragmatics and equivalence169Textual pragmatics and equivalence264Translation and relevance176Translation and relevance272Text type in translation181Text type in translation281Text register in translation187Text register in translation287Text, genre and discourse shiftsin tra

29、nslation192Text, genre and discourse shiftsin translation295Agents of power in translation200Agents of power in translation304Ideology and translation206Ideology and translation313Translation in the informationtechnology era213Translation in the informationtechnology era321Series Editors PrefaceThis

30、 series provides a comp of applied linguistics. Appliedinterdisciplinary eld. It is now provide up-to-date maps of ever cThe books in this series are designed to of the books ensures, through keysubject is recognised while, through key q standings of the topics, concepts and practice disciplinary fa

31、bric. The pedagogic structure of e given opportunities to think, discuss, engage in reect, research and toter- ers areures thats, draw on their own experience,Each book has three main sections, eachA: An Introduction section: in which the key terms and conc including introductory activities and refl

32、ective tasks, designe understandings, terminology, techniques of analysis and the skill the theme and the discipline.key priate toB: An Extension section: in which selected core re edited from the original) from existing books and art and commentary, where appropriate. Each(usually tationsandcomment

33、ed on in the context of the whole book, and research/follow-up questio and tasks asome cases, exposition.C: An Exploration section:in which further samples and illustrative materials are provided with an emphasis, where appropriate, on more open-ended,centred activities and tasks, designed to suppor

34、ttheir own locally relevant research projects. Tasks are designed for or for individuals working on their own.This book also contains a glossary and aguide to the main terms used in the book which lays the ground for further workxiiiSeries editors preface in the discipline. There are also annotated

35、guides to further bibliographies.ing and extensiveThe target audience for the series is upper undergraduates and postgraduates on language, applied linguistics, translation and communication studies programmes as well as teachers and researchers in professional development and distance learn- ing pr

36、ogrammes. High-quality applied research resources are also much neededfor teachers of EFL/ESL and foreign languages at higher education collegesand universities worldwide. The books in the Routledge Applied Linguistics seriesare aimed at the individualer, thecourses and seminar programmes.We hope th

37、at the books in this series meet these needs and continue to provide support over many years.THE EDITORSProfessor Christopher N. Candlin and Professor Ronald Carter are the series editors. Both have extensive experience of publishing titles in the elds relevant to this series. Between them they have

38、 written and edited over one hundred books and two hundred academic papers in the broad eld of applied linguistics. Chris Candlin was president of AILA (International Association for Applied Linguistics) from 19972002 and Ron Carter is Chair of BAAL (British Association for Applied Linguistics) from

39、 20036.Professor Christopher N. Candlin, Senior Research Professor Department of Linguistics,Division of Linguistics and Psychology Macquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109 AustraliaandProfessor of Applied LinguisticsFaculty of Education and Language Studies The Open UniversityWalton HallMilton Keynes MK

40、7 6AA UKProfessor Ronald Carter School of English Studies University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKxivAcknowledgementsMany people have helped us in the course of writing this book. Our thanks go to, amongst others, Dunstan Brown, Stephen Hutchings, Margaret Lang, Ana Cristina Llompart, Charles

41、Mann, Michael OShea and Anat Vernitski. To series editorsChris Candlin and Ron Carter for theired comments on various stages. ToLouisa Semlyen, Christy Kirkpatrick and Kate Parker at Routledge for their patience, support and hard work, and to copyeditor Kristina Wischenkämper for her keenattent

42、ion to Studies, Univer. To the Department of Linguistic, Cultural and Translationrelief from JanuaryWe are grateful to the c reproduce extracts in SectioR. Jakobson, On Linguistic Asp Translation, Harvard University Pr Jakobson Trust u/w/o Krystyna PomoJ. S. Holmes, The Name and Nature ofTranslated!

43、 PaReproduced by permission of Rodopi BV.G. Steiner, After Babel: Aspects of Language and TranUniversity Press, 1998. Reprinted by permission of OxJ.-P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet, Comparative Stylistics of French a John Benjamins, 1995. Reproduced by permission of John Ben Company, Amsterdam/Philadelph

44、ia.J. C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford UniReprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.M. L. Larson, Meaning-Based Translation, 2nd edition, Uni 1998. Reproduced by permission of the University PE. A. Nida, Science of Translation, in Languagepermission of the Linguistic S

45、ociety of AmericaE. A. Nida, Toward a Science of Translating, Brill A 2003). Reproduced by permission of BrillW. Koller, The Concept of Equivalence anTarget 7:2, 1995. Reproduced by pe8.Oxford Press.h, pp 2027,ins Publishingress, 1965.rica,Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia.J. Levy´, Translation a

46、s a Decision Process, in To Honour Roman Jakobson II, Mouton de Gruyter, 1967. Reproduced by permission of Mouton de Gruyter.xvAcknowledgements E.-A. Gutt, Pragmatic Aspects of Translation: Some Relevance-Theory Observa- tions, in The Pragmatics of Translation, L. Hickey, Multilingual Matters, 1998.

47、 Reproduced by permission of Multilingual MattersK. Reiss, Text Types, Translation Types and Translatio Chesterman (ed) Reach ups in Translation Theory, Su 1989. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.M. Gregory, Perspectives on Translation, in META, XXV.4 permission of Copibec.C. James, Genre An

48、alysis and the Translator, in Target 1:1, 1 permission of John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterby lphia.D. Bruce,Translating the Commune:Cultural Politics and the Histl Specicityof the Anarchist Text, in Traduction, Terminologie, Redaction, No. 1. Reproduced by permission of TTR, McGill Universi

49、ty, Montreal, Canada.P. Fawcett, Translation and Power Play, in The Translator, Reproduced by permission of St Jerome Publishing.T. Niranjana, Siting Translation: History, Post-StructuralisUniversity of California Press © 1991 The Regents o Reproduced by permission of University of CalD. J. Arn

50、old, L. Balkan, S. Meijer, R. L. Hu Translation: An Introductory Guide, Bla permission of Douglas Arnold.no. 2, 1995.l Context, alifornia.achined byAnd to the following for permissioGeorgetown University Press William Labov (1973) Laboratoire RALI of the Canadian HansarLou Bernard at t concordanceTR

51、ADOSCoEvery effort has beento trace the copyright holders but if any have beeninadvertently overlooked the publishers will be happy to make the necessaryarrangement at the rst opportu.Jeremy Munday and Basil Hatim, February 2004xviHow to use this bookTRANSLATIONTranslation, both commercial and liter

52、ary, is an activity that is growing phe- nomenally in todays globalized world. The study of translation, an interdisciplinary field known as Translation Studies, has also developed enormously in the past twenty years. It interfaces with a wide range of other disciplines from linguistics and modern l

53、anguages to Cultural Studies and postcolonialism. This book attempts to investigate both the practice and the theory of translation in an accessible andsystematic way. It is designed specifically with the needs in mind of Masters degrees and nal year undergraduates in translation or applied li resea

54、rchwish to examine the theoryuseful insights and examples for more experienced researchers.s of tics,The book is divided into three sections (A, B and C) and 14 units. Each unit is treated in each of the sections. Section A of each unit introduces the main concepts of each area of translation and pr

55、esents reective tasks to encourage thethink through the theory. Key concept boxes highlight and summarize points.Section B, the extension stage, then presents one or two from key articles or books on the relevant subject. Each brief tasks: Before youout the crucial elements of the points and prepare

56、s for exploration.Section C is the exploration section. It critiques and develops the previous sectionswith a series of tasks and projects that at rst provide theer with specic datato investigate and then encourage wider exploration and original research in the ers own linguistic and cultural context.Aed glossary isd at the end covering central terms of TranslationStudies, including sohighlighted in bold in the main text for ease of reference brings together the theory references. A very focused Further the back of the book for each unit.yxviiHow to use this book The ma