1、2017屆高三短文改錯提分專練結合新課標1對短文改錯考察難度，考察語法點，精講細練。精選山東省各地市、名校高考模擬題，高質量、高起點、高成效提高英語短文改錯做題能力。【2016高考真題感悟】真題定方向（2016·課標1）第四部分 寫作 (共兩節 滿分 35分)第一節 短文改錯 (共10小題：每小題1分，滿分10 分)命題分析：本部分考查考生在理解短文的基礎上發現并糾正包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等類型錯誤的能力。考查考生依據上下文正確使用動詞、連詞、形容詞與副詞、名詞、代詞、介詞、冠詞等項目的能力。假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯

2、誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號 ()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線 ()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者 (從第11處起)不計分。My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that(where)I live. Though not very big, but(刪除)the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always c

3、rowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had（have）to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest(honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or(and)high quality oil are using(used)for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams(加of) becoming rich in

4、 the(a)short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our(his)business will grow steady(steadily).短文分析：文章以第一人稱視角講述了叔叔的餐館很受歡迎，每天門庭若市。叔叔成功的秘訣就是誠信經營，使用高品質食材，穩健發展，從不幻想一夜暴富。作者用叔叔成功的例子，呼喚誠信經營、腳踏實地。試題分析：第一處：考查賓語從句。從句缺地點狀語。第二處：考查連詞。though與but不可連用。第三處：考查時態。通過上句可知描述的是現在。第四處：考查名詞。成功的秘訣是“誠信”，不應是“誠信的”。第五處：考查連詞。新鮮蔬

5、菜和高品質油都要使用，而非二者選擇其一。第六處：考查語態。新鮮食材是被用來烹飪的。第七處：考查短語中的介詞。dream of夢想。第八處：考查冠詞。在一段很短的時間內，而非特定的那段時間。第九處：考查代詞。叔叔希望“他”的生意穩中發展，而非“我們”的生意。第十處：考查副詞。grow此處為不及物動詞，表示發展，后面應加副詞作狀語。備考建議：短文改錯是整張卷得分率最低的題型。在備考時，應循序漸進，先扎實基本語言知識，然后從單句訓練開始，從單一錯誤類型開始，逐漸過渡到語篇。改錯屬于輸出，前提還是輸入，所以合適文本的精讀訓練是必要的。語法的備考復習應精析、勤練、常復現，貫穿始終并不難。短文改錯，我把有

6、錯的地方給大家圈一下，稍微題比較難的地方。to后面不能這這個that。這個地方去掉，因為它是一個主句，but去掉。這個地方，因為時態的關系，這個地方去掉。or這個地方要改，被使用，形容時間，注意人稱的代換，steady，后面應該加ing形式。短文改錯總體跟大家評一下。語法填空和短文講的很快，因為前面講的比較多。這個難度整體來說難度為七分，因為有些小孩習慣性把這個文章讀懂再做，不一定能讀懂，里面有一些是困難的。剛剛我看到這個句子比較長的，這句話相對來說比較難，偏難的。所以說有很多的東西，包括看不明白的。所以比較難的。這個難度系數為6分，因為最難的一些考察并沒有出來，固定搭配這些，考察的都是相對來

7、說比較簡單的一些東西。【老司機經驗談】短文改錯是有一定的規律可循的，縱觀近幾年的高考試題及我們平常的模擬考試，可以發現短文改錯主要有以下十大錯誤。1. 形容詞與副詞的誤用。如exciting與excited，hard與hardly，possible與possibly，here與there等，以及形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級。2. 名詞的單復數誤用。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名詞的復數，在every與each之后常用單數。3. 代詞的誤用。如you與your，its與its，it與they或them，one與ones，賓

8、格(如me)與反身代詞(如myself)等的誤用。4. 介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。常見的如in 與on，to與for，instead與instead of，because與because of等的誤用。5. 時態的錯誤。看一篇文章，要有一種大局觀，要上前下掛，看看上下文的時態是否一致。6. 連詞的誤用。如or與and的誤用，and與but的誤用，so與but的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。7. 第三人稱單數后的動詞形式。8. 一些固定結構的誤用。如so.that被誤用作very.that，too.to被誤用very.to，as.as被誤作so.as等。9

9、. 定語從句中，which，that，when，where等混淆不清。10. 一些常用詞，如what與how，except與besides，any與some以及它們的合成詞如any-thing與something，anywhere與somewhere等混淆不清。【講解篇1】高分口訣，老司機高能為了提高做短文改錯題的能力，除了要加強基礎知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應該對其錯項設置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學們介紹高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。 短文改錯口訣： 動詞形，名詞數； 注意形和副；

10、 非謂動詞細辨別； 習慣用法要記住； 句子成分多分析； 邏輯錯誤須關注。 一、動詞形 主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態和語態錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is） Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are） 上述兩例分別屬于時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念，注意短文內容發生或存在的時間，保持時間概念的一致性。 二、名詞數 指名詞單、復數形式

11、的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫成單數。例如： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subjects） 三、 區分形和副 及區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如： Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful） Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately） 需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容

12、詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。 四、非謂動詞細辨別 這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如： in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also （playing） My parents love me and will do all they can

13、 make sure （to） 上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態的含義。 五、習慣用法要記住 主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and （of） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （of） 六

14、、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如： They eager to know everything about China and （were） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習慣的影響而導致的錯誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。七、邏輯錯誤須關注 與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴

15、，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their） First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more） no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone） 上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的mor

16、e在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用 everyone。 除了上述錯誤類型外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯誤），以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如： She was smiling but nodding at me. （and） It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or） We may be one family a

17、nd live under a same roof. （the） 下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現在請你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous 76. _ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _ Was fine. It was about noon w

18、e arrived at the foot of 78. _ the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _ climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _ Evening came down.

19、We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _ head touched the pillow. 答案與簡析： 76. famous前加上a.（名詞數） 77. 正確 78. we前面加when，引導一個時間狀語從句。（句子成分多分析） 79. themus （邏輯錯誤須關注） 80. visi

20、tingvisited（非謂動詞細辨別） 81. picturepictures（名詞數） 82. passespassed（動詞形） 83. 去掉down（習慣用法要記住） 84. andbut（but，and，or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 習慣用法要記住） 改錯要想拿高分 語法口訣要記牢 （一）見到謂語找主語，主謂一致找狀語 見到名詞想多數，可不可數要記牢 見到平行看結構，形式功能要對稱 見到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理 帶賓語必帶to，不帶賓語不帶 to 小小of常抓的點，of前名詞adj最高級 比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級 （二）謂與非謂經常混 謂語句中就

21、一個 其余動詞非謂語 常見形式有三種 v-ing ,v-ed和to do 主謂通常v-ing 動賓通常v-ed 現在分詞表主動 過去分詞表被動 目的要用不定式 by前有過去分詞相擁 by后有動名詞后抱 介詞后跟動名詞 時態基點要搞清 現在還是過去時【講解篇2】高考模擬，一網打盡真題單句歸納(形容詞與副詞)(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改為 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全國卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see

22、a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改為 really 或 real，若改為 really，則修飾 tall;若改為 real，則修飾 building) (全國卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改為 tallest，因從含義上看此處應是最高級) (全國卷)(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer

23、 than people in the past. (去掉 more，因為 longer 本身已是比較級，不能再受 more 修飾) (全國卷)(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改為 However，因此處語意轉折) (全國卷)(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years a

24、go. (so long as 改為 as long as，其意為“與一樣長”) (全國卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as，因as . as 結構不完整) (全國卷)(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改為 what) (全國卷)(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much excit

25、ing. (去掉 much，因 much 不能用來修飾形容詞的原級，盡管它可用來修飾比較級和最高級) (全國卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改為 wonderful，因它是放在名詞前作定語) (全國卷)(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more，因從上下文看，這是第一次給對方寫信，不存在談談“更多情況”的問題) (全國卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my s

26、pare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改為 interested，be interested in 意為“對感興趣”) (全國卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改為 importance，teach 后可接名詞或代詞作賓語，但不接形容詞作賓語) (全國卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改為

27、 Unfortunately，因此處要求用副詞作狀語) (全國卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改為 how，how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)(16) After learning the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改為 practical，此處用形容詞作表語) (北京春季

28、卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often，因句中的whenever 與 often 意義重復) (全國卷)(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改為 How，句意為“不知其他家庭的情況是怎樣的”) (全國卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly

29、改為 loud，與 strong 并列作定語，修飾 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改為different，即用形容詞作表語) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down，要表示“夜幕來臨”，直接說 Evening came 即可) (全國卷)(22) although radios can be very noise. (noise 改為 noisy，即用形容詞作表語) (北京春季卷)(23) all planned and w

30、ritten by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. (real 改為 really，修飾動詞要用副詞) (北京春季卷)(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. (then 改為 now，just now 為習語，意為“剛才”) (安徽春季卷)(25) But one of the best players in our team t

31、old me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. (once 改為 any，not any more為習語，意為“不再”) (安徽春季卷)(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改為quiet，and連接并列成分quite和shy) (全國卷)(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改為easy，作表語要用形容詞) (年廣西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be ve

32、ry excited. (excited改為exciting，表示某事物是“令人興奮的”用exciting;表示某人“感到興奮”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改為 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“對感興趣”時，用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (im

33、mediate改為immediately，用作狀語，要用副詞) (福建卷)(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改為helpless，在系動詞felt后作表語，要用形容詞) (年天津卷)模擬單句演練：(1) Ill try to be more carefully next time.(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.(4) He says th

34、at skiing is much exciting than skating.(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.(9) Look at the asleep boy.

35、How lovely!(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?(11) Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.(12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.(13) I promise to return back before 10.(14) The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.(15) This is quite

36、 far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.(16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.(17) Oh, its simply wonderfully to see you here!(18) She is in more health now than she was last year.【參考答案】(1) carefully 改為 careful，用形容詞作表語。(2) 去掉more，more 不能修飾比較級。(3) few 改為 fewer，注意句中的 than。(4) 將 much

37、 改為 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 與 skating 的比較。(5) most 改為 more，the morethe more 意為“越越”。(6) frightening 改為 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”;frightened表示“感到害怕的”。(7) real 改為 really，修飾形容詞用 really，不用 real。(8) difficult 改為 difficulty，用名詞形式作介詞 without 的賓語。(9) asleep 改為 sleeping, asleep 為表語形容詞，不用于名

38、詞前作定語。(10) well 改為 good, nice 等，taste 在此為連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。(11) rain 改為 rainy，此處用形容詞作表語。(12) 去掉 down，因 set 相當于 go down，本身就包括了 down。(13) 去掉 back，或將 return 改為 come / be。因 return 相當于 come back 或 be back。(14) use 改為 useful，用形容詞作定語修飾名詞。(from )(15) mostly 改為 most，most 在此用于構成最高級。(16) warm 改為 warmly，修飾動詞要用副詞，不用

39、形容詞。(17) wonderfully 改為 wonderful，用形容詞作表語。(18) more 改為 better，為 in good health 的比較級形式。真題單句歸納(時態)(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(stop改為stopped) (全國卷)(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改為 was) (全國卷)(3) Two months ago they were back in

40、 America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(hurry 改為 hurried) (全國卷)(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二個is 改為 was) (全國卷)(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改為 have) (全國卷)(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothi

41、ng to borrow them. (cost 改為 costs) (全國卷)(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全國卷)(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改為 was) (全國卷)(9) They offered

42、me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改為 had) (全國卷)(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改為learned) (全國卷)(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改為 is) (全國卷)(12) I am happy with a

43、ny programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改為 was) (全國卷)(13) Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very (had 改為have) (北京春)(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改為

44、calmed)(全國卷)(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to (did 改為 do) (全國卷)(16) He said he is busy. (is 改為 was) (北京春)(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改為 passed) (全國卷)(18) But h

45、is parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改為 is) (安徽卷)(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改為 apologized) (江蘇卷)(20) Sometimes, we talked to each othe

46、r very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改為 talk) (全國卷)(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (find改為 found) (福建卷)(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改

47、為 treated) (天津卷)(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改為 was) (湖北卷)模擬單句演練：(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.(2) I phone the other students a moment ago.(3) We often played together when we are children.(4) What are you doing when I called you?(5) I see you in the park. Yo

48、u were talking to a pretty girl.(6) She doesnt hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.(7) Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.(8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.(10) Ill write to him when I

49、 finished the book.(11) Charles worked hard since leaving school.(12) In fact, I am very thin when I was young.(13) He is kind to me. Although he is very busy, he still came to see me.(14) How long have you been here? How did you like our city?(15) As is known to us all, the earth turned around the

50、sun.(16) Im interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do.(17) Dont worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.(18) Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.(19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.(20) I forget to tell him the news.

51、Shall we telephone him now?【參考答案】(1) tell 改為 told，因句中有表過去的時間狀語just now(剛剛)。(2) phone 改為 phoned，因句中有表過去的時間狀語a moment ago。(3) are 改為 were，因主句謂語為一般過去時。(4) are 改為 were，因從句謂語為一般過去時。(5) see 改為 saw，因下文用了 were talking。(6) doesnt 改為 didnt，因下文用了 was watching。(7) 去掉if從句中的 will，因條件狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來意義。(8) 去掉 will，

52、因條件狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來意義。(9) is 改為 was，因主句中的hurt為一般過去時。(10) finished 改為finish，或在 finished 前加 have。即在時間狀語從句中要用一般現在時表示將來意義，但這里也可用現在完成時表示完成。(11) worked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自從以來一直”，即表示從過去持續到現在的一段時間，故用現在完成時。(12) am 改為 was，根據從句中的一般過去時可知 am 應改為 was。(13) came 改為 comes，根據前面的兩處一般現在時可知。(14) did 改為 do，根據前面的現在完成時可知“你

53、”現在還在我們城市，故后面一句問的是“你”現在對我們城市的看法。(from )(15) turned 改為 turns。本句敘述的是客觀真理，故用一般現在時。(16) spoke 改為 speak。全句敘述的是現在的情況。(17) come 前加 will，根據句意，此處應是將來時態。(18) cost 改為 costs，句子講述的是現在的一般情況。(19) 去掉 will，時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來意義。(20) forget 改為 forgot，根據句意，此題的“忘記”應是指過去忘記。真題單句歸納(缺詞考點)(1) When we walked to the car, Bill s

54、miled and shook head. (head 前加 his，漢語可“搖頭”，而按英語的習慣要說 shake ones head) (全國卷)(2) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習語) (全國卷)(3) Charles said, “As soon I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it.(第一個I 前加 as，因為 as soon as 為引導時間狀語從句的引導詞)(全國卷)(4) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，這里的 a 表泛指) (全國卷)(5) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加 to，to improve為表目的的不定式短語) (全國卷)(6) There is public library in every town in Britain. (pub