1、【賓語(yǔ)從句】 在英語(yǔ)中，有簡(jiǎn)單句(只含一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)、并列句(用連詞連接，含不止一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)和復(fù)合句(含從句)。本節(jié)課我們復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)合句里面的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如：She knows that he will come back soon. Im afraid that I cant go to your party.1. 賓語(yǔ)從句的【引導(dǎo)詞】賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分三種。 (1) 如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that.（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略） 主句：He says. 從句：He is tired of playing computer games. He says that he is tired of

2、playing computer games. (2) 如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether，表示“是否”。主句：I dont know 從句：Does Tom likes fish? I dont know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意】 whether引導(dǎo)的從句常與or not連用，而if不能； 賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為whether to do的搭配，而沒(méi)有if to do這種搭配. 如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you te

3、ll me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展】if有兩個(gè)意思： 1. 表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)視情況而定。 2. 表示“如果”，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)（遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”規(guī)則）。 經(jīng)典例題：-Do you know if Tom _(go) hiking with us ? -Im not sure. But if he _(go), I will take many photos with him . (3) 如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，直接用該疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 主句：Do you know 從句：what do

4、es he want to buy? Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要買(mǎi)什么嗎？2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的【時(shí)態(tài)】 (1) 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他將會(huì)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？ (2) 當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去的某時(shí)態(tài)如：He said that she was singing. 他說(shuō)她正在唱歌。 She wanted to

5、 know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。 Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他將會(huì)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？【注意】格言和客觀(guān)真理總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun. 3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的【語(yǔ)序】 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。(而不是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣) 如：Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did h

6、e leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left China. 【特殊情況】 Whats wrong with? 作賓語(yǔ)從句不需變語(yǔ)序 Whats the matter with? 如：Whats wrong with him? I dont know. I dont know whats wrong with him.4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的【否定轉(zhuǎn)移】在英語(yǔ)里通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn) “I think (that) he isnt right.” 而會(huì)把否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中 “I dont think (that) he is right.”5. 賓語(yǔ)從句的【虛擬語(yǔ)氣】

7、在含有假設(shè)、猜想、建議等意思的動(dòng)詞( 如advice, suggest, insist, require, request等 )后，賓語(yǔ)從句要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should常省略。 如：I suggest that he (should) study harder. 【這就是為什么study用原形】【定語(yǔ)從句】一定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。二特點(diǎn)：1.先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1）引出定語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的一個(gè)成分。可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間。關(guān)系代詞

8、：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行詞。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。3 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語(yǔ)從句剩余部分四關(guān)系代詞的用法：1. that 和whichthat指人或物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略，主語(yǔ)不能。Which指物，不指人，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略，主語(yǔ)不能。His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. 注意：The room in which I

9、 live is very big. (在介詞后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。It is th

10、e only word (that) I know in the passage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用thatI want everything (that) I want.I am writing to tell you about something very strange that h

11、appened to me last week.5)先行詞被不定代詞all, any, no, every, little, much, many修飾時(shí)，只能用thatHere is all the money (that) I have.6)先行詞是同時(shí)含有“人和物”的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.7)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞為the one 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)Is it the one（that）you want？8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問(wèn)詞

12、who之后，用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Who is the girl that won the first place?3. who和whom who指人，在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。 Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語(yǔ)，可省略，但在介詞后面不能省略。Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United St

13、ates with last month is very famous.介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞（人只能用whom,物只能用which）五.關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.  when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which2.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 This is the house where I lived two years ago.3.why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞.We don

14、t know the reason why he was late for school.【狀語(yǔ)從句】狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。以下是應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)于狀語(yǔ)從句的幾點(diǎn)注意：1.as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反；有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。譯作“仿佛似的；好像似的”。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed. He looks as if ( as th

15、ough)he had been hit by lighting. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.2由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.3.though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 Altho

16、ugh it's raining, they are still working in the field.He is very old, but he still works very hard. Though the sore is healed, yet a scar may remain.4as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形提前)。Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 5“no matter 疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞ever”。 No

17、matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.高考對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在省略，時(shí)態(tài)的替代，語(yǔ)序的倒裝以及連詞的辨析四個(gè)方面。1成分的省略(1)在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主語(yǔ)是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí)，可把從句的主語(yǔ)和be一起省略。Don't speak until (you are) spoken to.Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible.(2)在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，可省略與主句相同的

18、部分。I know you more than he (knows you)Tom is two years older than Alice (is)(3)as (盡管)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句倒裝時(shí)，表語(yǔ)提前，且其前的冠詞要省略。Hero as he is, he has shortcomings.2時(shí)態(tài)的替代(1)在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。If it rains tomorrow, we won't go fishing.Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.(2)The

19、more.the more.句型中，前句起條件狀語(yǔ)從句作用，故用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.(3)after, before, as soon as等連詞本身就暗示了時(shí)間的先后，因此可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而不會(huì)產(chǎn)生時(shí)間上的混亂。I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework.The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived.He got down to work as soon a

20、s he (had) go to the factory.3語(yǔ)序的倒裝(1)no sooner.than., hardly / scarcely / barely.when.句型中的主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且置于句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.(2)so / such.that.，not until.置于句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。So angry did she feel that she couldn't speak.Not until he told me the truth did I re

21、alize what had happened.4連詞的辨析。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)意推斷屬于哪種狀語(yǔ)從句，然后選擇連詞。【補(bǔ)充】【連詞】連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類(lèi)。并列連詞是連接主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語(yǔ)法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。（一）并列連詞：并列連詞可用來(lái)連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），bu