1、1Discovering useful words and expressions.Ex. 1 differ cast accumulate exact altogether objections undertake moralEx. 2 Compared with her family, and especially her nephew, her niece Daisy is straightforward about her opinions. The arbitrary decisions of the factory leaders caused anger among the wo

2、rkers. Is the opera house in the commercial area of Beijing? The producer of the media programme made an objection to Jennifer joining in the chorus. Before you can make a loaf, you need to obtain some flour. You owe the Lady an apology. I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you h

3、ave done.Ex. 3 attain complicated fate carrier cast reform accumulate2Discovering useful structures.Ex. 1 The whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Ex. 2Dolly the sheep became a s

4、cientific breakthrough when the news that she had been born was announced in 1997.However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision that Dolly should be put to sleep. Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to

5、 raise worries. The fact that Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people the world over. Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments. But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a cl

6、one?” Besides that, there is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption(設想設想) that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet.319771977年多莉羊誕生的消息宣布后便成為一項科學突破。但是

7、，年多莉羊誕生的消息宣布后便成為一項科學突破。但是，后來多莉羊染上嚴重肺病的問題又讓科學家們憂慮。后來多莉羊染上嚴重肺病的問題又讓科學家們憂慮。20032003年年2 2月月1414日科學家們作出讓多莉羊長眠的決定。多莉之死正如它日科學家們作出讓多莉羊長眠的決定。多莉之死正如它的出世一樣，肯定會帶來焦慮。多莉早亡的事實令世人失望。的出世一樣，肯定會帶來焦慮。多莉早亡的事實令世人失望。科學家們認為克隆可能會帶來很多重大的科學突破和醫學療科學家們認為克隆可能會帶來很多重大的科學突破和醫學療法，但他們現在不得不思考這樣一個問題：法，但他們現在不得不思考這樣一個問題：“多莉早死是因多莉早死是因為它是一

8、只克隆羊嗎？為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”除此而外，關于是否應該允許進行除此而外，關于是否應該允許進行人類克隆實驗的問題也引起了激烈的爭論。科學家們相信人人類克隆實驗的問題也引起了激烈的爭論?？茖W家們相信人類克隆只不過是時間問題，但是克隆人已經問世的說法還沒類克隆只不過是時間問題，但是克隆人已經問世的說法還沒有被證實。有被證實。Ex. 3 various answers1. I had no idea _2. We heard the news _3. John told the truth _4. Betty won a prize _5. Charles agreed to the regulat

9、ion _6. Yesterday I was glad to get a message_7. The fact _ inspired all of us.8. I got the impression _whether she had gone to Beijing.that there came a terrible earthquake in Japan.that Tom had cheated in the exam.that he had made a new invention.that nobody is allowed to be late.that my son would

10、 be back.that our football team won the gamethat most of us did well in the exam.4Unit 2 Unit 2 GrammarGrammarReviseRevisethe Appositivethe Appositive51. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 2. I myself will do the experiment.3. She is the oldest among them six.4. He told me the news that the plane

11、had exploded. 名詞名詞代詞代詞數詞數詞下面句子中紅色部分在句中作什么成分？下面句子中紅色部分在句中作什么成分？從句從句同位語同位語 The AppositiveThe Appositive6 同位語是句子成分的一種同位語是句子成分的一種, 它位于它位于名詞、代詞后面名詞、代詞后面, 說明它們的性質說明它們的性質和情況和情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。詞性短語或從句充當。同位語同位語 The AppositiveThe Appositive7同位語的表現形式有以下幾種：同位語的表現形式有以下幾種：(1) 名詞名詞 (2) 代詞代詞 (3) 數

12、詞數詞 (4) 從句從句(5) 由由such as, that is引導引導 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些學科某些學科, 例如數學和物理例如數學和物理, 是很難學的。是很難學的。(6) 由由 of 引導引導 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自從自從2000年以來年以來, 北京市發生了很大的變化。北京市發生了很大的變化。8(7) 由由 or 引導引導 The freezing temperature

13、, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 結冰溫度即冰點結冰溫度即冰點, 是水在常壓下結是水在常壓下結冰時的溫度。冰時的溫度。9The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come back. What kind

14、 of clauses are they?They are Appositive Clauses.10(1) 同位語從句的定義同位語從句的定義在復合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位在復合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。種。它在句中起同位語的作用。同位語從句同位語從句 The Appositive ClauseThe Appositive Clause11它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope , problem, information, belief, though

15、t, doubt, promise, question等名詞的后面等名詞的后面,對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋, 說明前說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導同位語從句的面名詞的具體含義。引導同位語從句的詞有連詞詞有連詞that, 連接副詞連接副詞how, when, where, whether 等。等。12The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.Word came that their team had won.同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意注

16、意:13(2) 同位語從句的表現形式同位語從句的表現形式: 由由that引導引導 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.14The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the sa

17、me speed is known to all.The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.15 由由whether引導引導 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引導引導 I have no idea when they will go.16(3) 同位語從句與定語從句的區別同位語從句與定語從句的區別: 同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常同位語從句與定

18、語從句在使用中常?；煜；煜? 我們可以從以下幾個方面區我們可以從以下幾個方面區別它們別它們: 同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞名詞; 定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。17We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. Those who want to go please sign your names here. 同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有 邏輯關系邏輯關系, 定語從句所

19、限定的名詞是從定語從句所限定的名詞是從 句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、 狀語等。狀語等。(同位語從句同位語從句)(定語從句定語從句)18The news that they won the match is true.(同位語從句同位語從句, news和從句沒有邏輯關系和從句沒有邏輯關系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定語從句定語從句, news是是told的邏輯賓語的邏輯賓語)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位語從句同位語從

20、句, order和從句沒有邏輯關系和從句沒有邏輯關系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定語從句定語從句, day是是founded的邏輯狀語的邏輯狀語)19 同位語從句主要由連接詞同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導引導, 有時也可用有時也可用when, where, who, whether等引導等引導; 定語從句由關系代定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。詞或關系副詞引導。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine need

21、ed. Do you know the place where he was born?20 引導同位語從句的連詞不可省略引導同位語從句的連詞不可省略; 引導定引導定語從句的關系代詞作賓語時常可省略。語從句的關系代詞作賓語時?？墒÷?。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整句子句子, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用be的不同形式。的不同形式。 He heard th

22、e news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won.此句可以變為一個表語從句此句可以變為一個表語從句:21我們可以在名詞和從句之間加我們可以在名詞和從句之間加be, 使之構成使之構成一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則是同位語從句，定語從句是不能用系表則是同位語從句，定語從句是不能用系表結構把先行詞與從句連接起來的。結構把先行詞與從句連接起來的。The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countrie

23、s.The belief is that the earth is flat.同位語從句的簡易判斷方法：同位語從句的簡易判斷方法：22 用適當的連接代詞或連接副詞填空。用適當的連接代詞或連接副詞填空。1. I cant decide _ book I should buy.2. China is no longer _ it used to be.3. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.4. _ we need is more money.5. The truth _ the earth

24、 turns around the sun is known to us.which what how Whatthat23 The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because2. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when243. You can take the seat_ is free. A.

25、 when B. that C. where D. in which4. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where255. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why6. Thats th

26、e only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what261. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (2000 春季北京卷春季北京卷) A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 解析：答案解析：答案A。do后接賓語從句，賓語后接賓語從句，賓語從句從句 I can 后省略了后省略了do，缺少賓語。，缺少賓語。whatever在賓語從句中作賓語。在賓語從句中作賓語。272. Informatio

27、n has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ( 2001 上海卷上海卷) A. while B. that C. when D. as解析：答案解析：答案B that引導從句作引導從句作information的同位語，解釋的同位語，解釋information的具體內容。的具體內容。283. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002 上海卷上海卷) A. tha

28、t B. which C. of which D. what解析：答案解析：答案A 同位語從句同位語從句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位語，解釋的同位語，解釋a feeling 的具體的具體內容。內容。That連接同位語從句時只起連接連接同位語從句時只起連接作用，不作從句的任何成分。作用，不作從句的任何成分。294. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _ . (2003

29、上上海卷海卷 )A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; to be improved D. when; improving解析：答案為解析：答案為A that引導同位語從句引導同位語從句說明說明“新問題新問題”的內容。的內容。Need后既可后既可接接動名詞主動式，也可接動詞不定式被動名詞主動式，也可接動詞不定式被動式作賓語。動式作賓語。305. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004 春

30、季上春季上海卷海卷 )A. which B. thatC. what D. whether解析：答案解析：答案B 這是一個同位語從句，解這是一個同位語從句，解釋釋promise的具體內容，要用的具體內容，要用that引導。引導。31練習練習 Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their pa

31、rents and teachers a lot.把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句的復合句。句的復合句。322. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China.3. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proo

32、f for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.334. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.345. Students should be

33、 given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.351. The news that_ _ (我們隊贏了我們隊贏了) is true. 2. I had no idea that _(你在你在 這里這里).3. The belief that _ (條條大路通羅馬條條大路通羅馬) is shared by many people.our te

34、am has won thematchyou were hereall roads lead to RomeTranslationTranslation361. We dont think you two have met before.翻譯句子翻譯句子, ,并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。(賓語從句賓語從句)2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam.約翰肯定會考好。約翰肯定會考好。(主語從句主語從句)373. Whether they are co

35、ming or not doesnt matter too much.4. The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。(同位語從句同位語從句)他們來不來無關緊要。他們來不來無關緊要。(主語從句主語從句)385. Now is when we need him most.現在是我們最需要他的時候。現在是我們最需要他的時候。(表語從句表語從句)6. I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。我不知道她是如何穿過那個

36、森林的。(同位語從句同位語從句)39Using LanguageTHE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS ?THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS ?40Words preview resist merely decoration unable zebra vt. 抵抗；對抗抵抗；對抗 adv. 僅；只；不過僅；只；不過 n. 裝飾裝飾 adj. 不能的；不會的不能的；不會的 n. 斑馬斑馬41 argument aloud reasonable obtainn. 論據；論點；爭論論據；論點；爭論 adv. 大聲地；出聲地大聲地；出聲地adj. 合情理的；講道理合

37、情理的；講道理 的；公道的的；公道的vt. 獲得；得到獲得；得到Words preview42Expressions preview from time to time bring back to life pay off不時；偶爾不時；偶爾使復生使復生取得好結果；取得取得好結果；取得成功；成功； 賠清賠清43Please enjoy some pictures about dinosaurs. 霸王龍霸王龍44劍龍劍龍stegosaurs45角龍角龍 ceratopsids46雷龍雷龍 brontosaurus47翼龍翼龍pterodactyl48Reading comprehension1

38、. The writer of the text_ A. is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B. believes extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloningC. thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D. dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth 2. The film J

39、urassic Park is popular because_. A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaursC. it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaursD. it proves very interesting3.Which of the following is true?_A. Mice were cloned in 1981.B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned

40、 animal.C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”D. China was successful in cloning mammals.494. The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include_.A. they have the same arrangement of genesB. there isnt enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnessesC. t

41、he illness is a new oneD. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease5. We can infer from the text that_ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaursB. dinosaurs will never return to the earthC. cloned animals will only live in the zooD. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10

42、000 year50Useful expressions fierce and extinct wild animals the popularity of films a mixture of fear and excitement strike into strike into sb.s heart experiment with give birth to from time to time bring back to life with what we know in vain arrange in different ways pass on to drawback to conti

43、nue the species兇猛和滅絕的野生動物兇猛和滅絕的野生動物受歡迎的影片受歡迎的影片既興奮又恐懼既興奮又恐懼 突然開始突然開始/轉入轉入; 扎扎(進進)使某人感到使某人感到進行實驗進行實驗; 用用做實驗做實驗生生; 引起引起, 產生產生 不時不時, 偶爾偶爾, 間或間或 使恢復使恢復/復活復活/蘇醒蘇醒據我們所知據我們所知白費地白費地, 徒勞無益地徒勞無益地 以不同的方式排列以不同的方式排列將將傳給傳給的缺點的缺點繼續傳種接代繼續傳種接代51Listen to the passage and answer the questions.1.Why shouldnt you clone

44、an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group?There will not be enough diversity in the group to be able to resist new illnesses.2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo?Because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers.

45、 The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years?The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old is not suitable for cloning, for it cant survive so long.521. The popularity of films struckinto peoples heart

46、spopularity n. 普及，流行；知名度；受大眾歡迎普及，流行；知名度；受大眾歡迎 His popularity extends all over in the whole world. gain in popularity=become more popularAs you know, English has gained in popularity in China.strike into 扎進；突然跑入；突然開始扎進；突然跑入；突然開始 I saw him strike into a bookshop along the road. In just a few days its

47、root will strike deep into earth.strike into ones heart 使某人感到使某人感到; 使使突然進入突然進入What the teacher said struck fear into my heart. He struck a damp into me. (給給潑冷水潑冷水, 掃掃的興的興, 使沮喪使沮喪)2. we are a long way from being able to clone . sb. is a long way from doing sth. 某人某人做做還有很長的路要還有很長的路要走走We are a long way

48、 from studying English well.= To study English well, we still have a long way to go.Language points533. can be brought back to lifebring back to life 使使復活復活; 使使蘇醒蘇醒Anyway he was dead, we could not bring him back to life.Dr. Li tried his best to bring the unconscious child back to life.bring to life

49、使生動使生動 ; 使活潑使活潑;使使得生命得生命A good teacher always has a way to bring his class to life.bring back to health 恢復健康恢復健康 bring back to power 重新上重新上臺臺bring back to memory 勾起回憶勾起回憶 4. will be in vain if .vain adj. 自負的自負的; 愛虛榮的愛虛榮的 徒勞的徒勞的, 無用的無用的, 無效的無效的 She is one of those vain people who never take others advice.He made a vain attempt to reach the d