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1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上1 1.1 The Concept of International Trade國際貿易的觀念 International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for those p
2、roduced in another country. In most cases countries do not trade the actual the goods and services. Rather they use the income or money from the sale of their
3、160;products to buy the products of another country. 1.2 Introduction to International Payments and Settlements International payments and settlements are
4、60;financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to clear relations of&
5、#160;debts. 國際支付與結算是指為清償國際間的債權債務關系或跨國轉移資金而發生在不同國家之間的貨幣收付活動。 1.2 categories(分類) (1)、According to the cause of international settlement International trade settlement(國際貿易結算)
6、60; International trade settlement is created on the basis of sales of commodities. 國際貿易結算是指有形貿易活動(即由商品的進出口)引起的貨幣收付活動.(主要形式) International non-trade settlement (國際非貿易結算) invi
7、sible trade無形交易 financial transaction金融業務 payment between governments政府間的款項 others 其他業務 (2)、According to whether c
8、ash is used Cash settlement(現金結算) International payments is effected by shipping precious metals taking the form of coins, bars or bullions&
9、#160;to or from the trading countries. Non-cash settlement(非現金結算) International payment is settled by way of transferring funds through the accou
10、nts opened in these banks. Four major clearing systems in the world(四大清算系統) 2.1 SWIFT(Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) SWIFT is a se
11、rvice organization established to meet a number of specialized service needs relating to interbank financial communications through a dedicated data processing and telecommunication sys
12、tem. Membership 會員制 Low expenses 低費用 Security 安全性 Standardised 標準化 2.2 CHIPS(The Clearing House Interbank Payment System).紐約清算所同業支付系統
13、60; 2.3 CHAPS(Clearing House Automated Payment System)倫敦銀行同業自動支付系統 2.4 TATGET(Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross-Settlement Express Transfer) 泛歐實時全額自動清算系統 3.1 &
14、#160; Correspondent Bank代理銀行 Correspondent banking is an arrangement under which one bank (correspondent) holds deposits owned by other banks (respondents) and provides
15、60;payment and other services to those respondent banks. Such arrangements may also be known as agency relationships in some domestic contexts.是接受其他國家或地區的銀行委托,代辦國際結算業務或提供其他服務,并建立相互代理業務關系的銀行。
16、0;2 。Establishment of a correspondent bank Control documents可控制的文件 Correspondent arrangement建立代理關系 Specimen of authorized signatures 印鑒,是銀行有權簽字人的簽字式樣。 Telegraphic
17、60;test key/SWIFT authentic key密押是用于識別銀行電訊文件的數字密碼。 Schedule of terms and conditions 費率表是銀行在辦理業務時收費的依據。 Credit Instruments for four四種常用于國際結算的信用票據 Negotiable instrumen
18、t可轉讓的票據 Negotiable instrument, also known as credit instrument, is an unconditional order or promise to pay a certain amount of money. It can easily be transferable. Func
19、tions (票據的功能) As a means of payment; 付款方式 As a credit instrument; 信用票據 As a means of finance. 金融工具 As a transferable instrument;可轉讓的票據 Bill of Ex
20、change匯票 A bill of exchange is defined officially as an unconditional order in writing , addressed by one person to another, signed by the first person, requiring th
21、e second person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a certain amount of money, to, or to the order of
22、, a specified person or to the bearer. 無條件的 書面命令 匯票是由一個人 (drawer)向另一個人(drawee)簽發的,要求受票人見票時或在未來某一規定的或可以確定的時間(tenor)將一定金額的款項支付給某一特定的人或其指定人,或持票人(payee)。 Essentials of a bill of exchange絕對必要事項:Such words as
23、60;“bill of exchange”exchange; draft or so 書面寫有匯票字樣 u An unconditional order in writing 無條件的支付命令name and address of the
24、 drawee (addressee payer)付款人名字和地址signature or stamp of the drawer 出票人的簽名和蓋章 u date of the issue 開立的日期About some dollars 確定的金額 name or&
25、#160;business entity of the payee 收款人的名字或商務實體 Acts of a bill of exchange 匯票的票據行為 Issue/draw(出票) draw and sign a draft 出票人寫匯票并且簽字2、deliver it to the payee出票人將匯票交付
26、給收款人 Endorsement(背書) When the holder of a draft wants to transfer or pass its title to another person, he should sign on the back of the draft and delive
27、r it to the endorsee. Its an act of negotiation. (1)背書人不再是票據的持票人,需向其后手承擔擔保承兌和付款的責任。 (2)被背書人成為持票人, 享有票據權利 Presentation(提示) Presen
28、t for acceptance提示承兌 我國見票給付1個月期限 Present for payment 提示付款 日內瓦規定到期日前后兩個營業日 Acceptance(承兌)3 Acceptance of a draft is a signification
29、by the drawee of his assent to the order given by the drawer. He engages, by signing his name across the face of the bill that he will pay when it
30、0;falls due(到期). Payment(付款)債務人完成債券的償還 Dishonor (拒付或退票) Act of dishonor is a failure or refusal to make acceptance on or payment of a draft when presented.拒絕承兌;拒絕付款;避而不見;死亡
31、;破產,被責令 Recourse(追索) object to recourse: drawer, endorser, acceptor, other debtor order: in order or not in order; normally directly to the drawer持有合格的票據; 持票人盡責(提示);發生拒付
32、60; Guarantee (保證) guarantor :a third party 保證人是第三方 warrantee:drawer, acceptor, endorser 被保證人是出票人,承兌人,背書人 Sum in money recoursed: 追索需要的費包括2 1. Par amount (interest&
33、#160;included);Lost interest 3. Charges result from notice ofdishonor and protest 匯票的貼現:持票人在票據到期前為獲取現款向銀行貼付一定的利息所做的票據轉讓。 貼現的計算:貼現凈值到期價值貼現利息 貼現利息D(V×t×r)/T V到期價值 t貼現日到到期日的天數
34、 r年貼現率 T1年的基礎天數(360天計) 帶息應收票據利息的計算公式為: 應收票據利息=應收票據面值×利率×期限 應收票據到期價值=應收票據面值×(1十利率×期限) “期限”是指票據簽發日至到期日的間隔時間。 A draft was issued on July 30th,2008. The
35、160;par value was ten thousand RMB, the rate of interest per annum was 8%. The tenor was 3 months after sight and the drawee accepted it on August 27th, 20
36、08. The holder discounted the draft at the rate of 10% per annum on September 19th, 2008. How much can the holder receive? 到期價值(10000×8×120)/3601000010266.67元 貼現利息(10266.
37、67×10×69)/360196.78元 貼現凈值10266.67196.7810069.89元 categories of draft 匯票的種類 (1)according to drawer bankers bill trade bill (2)according to whether documents are
38、0;attached clean bill documentary bill (3)according to tenor sight draft Time bill (4)according to acceptor Traders acceptance bill
39、0; Bankers acceptance bill 4 、Promissory Note本票 A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person (the maker) to another (the payee
40、 or the holder), signed by the maker engaging to pay on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to or to the order
41、160;of a specified person or to bearer.出票人簽發的,承諾自己在見票時無條件支付確定金額給收款人或者持票人的票據。我國的票據法中實際只規定了即期銀行本票。 Categories of a promissory note 本票的種類 Bankers notes and traders notes(銀行本票和商業本票an enterprise or a
42、 person) Special notes(記名本票) and note payable to order(指示性本票) Sight notes and time notes(即期本票和遠期本票) Bankers notes are all sight notes. Three kinds of time notes: on the
43、160;20th June 2008; At 90 days after date; At 90 days after sight我國票據制度中的本票,必須是“記名式銀行即期本票” Check支票 A check is an unconditional order in writing addressed by the customer
44、 to a bank signed by that customer authorizing the bank to pay on demand a specified sum of money to or to the order of a named person or to bear
45、er.支票(Cheque or Check)是以銀行為付款人的即期匯票。 Categories of a check支票的種類 Check payable to order(記名支票) eg. Pay to A Co. only; Pay to A Co. or order.取款時須由收款人簽章,方可支取。 Check payable to
46、0;bearer(不記名支票) It can be payable without the signature of the bearer and it can be transferred by delivery. 支票上不記載收款人姓名無須在支票背后簽章,只寫“付來人”,此項支票僅憑交付而轉讓。 Crossed cheque (劃線支票) A crossing
47、160;is in effect an instruction to the paying bank from the drawer or holder to pay the fund to a bank only. 普通劃線是在平行線中不注明收款銀行名稱的支票,收款人可以通過任何一家銀行代收票款入賬。 Chapter 5:Internation
48、al Bank Remittance(國際銀行匯兌)銀行間轉換貨幣清償債務。 ¬ Remittance refers to the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks. 匯款,也稱匯付。它是指銀行或其他金融機構(匯出行Remitting
49、Bank)應匯款人(付款人Remitter)的要求,通過一定的方式將一定的金額交給其國外的代理機構(匯入行Paying Bank),并由匯入行將款項解付給收款人(Payee or Beneficiary)的一種結算方式。 Telegraphic Transfer, T/T (電匯匯款) Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT is often referred to as cable tra
50、nsfer or telegraphic transfer, namely T/T. 電匯是匯出行應收款人的申請,用加押電報、電傳或SWIFT形式指示匯入行(國外聯行或代理行)付款給收款人的一種匯款方式。 Telegraphic Transfer Procedure電匯匯款的流程 5 Characteristics電匯的特性: It is a kind of remittance(順匯). It
51、;is the fastest type but the charges are also higher.速度最快但是費用最高 In bank remittance, the T/T is in preference to others. It is dealt on the same day and the
52、;bank cant use the funds under way.在銀行匯款中,電匯是最好的。 It is safe and creditable.安全可靠 Mail Transfer, M/T (信匯匯款) Remittance by airmail transfers funds by means of a payment
53、60;order, a mail transfer advice, or sometimes an advice issued by a remitting bank, at the request of the remitter. Characteristics特點: It is a kind of remittance(順
54、匯). The charges is low. It is the slower type and because of mail, it will spend more time to receive the money. Bank can occupy the funds under way f
55、or a short time.銀行可以在短時間內占用。 Demand Draft D/D (票匯) A bankers demand draft(D/D票匯) is a negotiable instrument drawn by a bank on its overseas branch or its correspon
56、dent abroad ordering the latter to pay on demand the stated amount to the holder of the draft. 匯票是銀行開具的可自由轉讓的單據,委托付款人在見票時或者在制定日期無條件支付確定的金額給收款人或持票人的票據。 Characteristics of D/D:
57、60;(Aurthorized signature有權簽字人簽字) The paying bank is flexible.支付行可以靈活地支付 The draft can replace the cash to be negotiated.匯票可以代替現金轉讓 The draft is carried by the remitter himself or&
58、#160;is posted by the remitter to the payee. 匯票可以讓匯款人直接拿給收款人,也可以寄給收款人 The paying bank need not notifies the beneficiary and the latter will come to receive the money. 支付行需要不通知
59、受益人,而后他將會來收錢。 Cover (頭寸):is the remitted funds. Once the remitting bank instructed the paying bank to offer 面值:face value 賒賬:open account 破產法:bankruptcy law 印花稅:stamp duty 總資
60、產:total assets 貿易壁壘:trade barrier 進口關稅:import tariff 資金轉移:fund transfer 有形貿易:tangible trade 無形貿易:intangible trade 國際慣例:international customs and practices 清算系統:clearing system 銀行競爭:banking competition
61、;國際支付:international payment 缺乏經驗:lack of expertise 全球策略:global strategy 專業服務:professional service 財務報表:financial statement 遠期匯票:term bill 跟單匯票:documentary draft 流通工具:negotiable instrument 授權簽字:authorized signat
62、ure 金融機構:financial institution 運輸單據:shipping document 托收指示:collection instruction 拒絕證書:protest 商業用途:commercial utility 契約安排:contractual arrangement 付款義務:obligation of payment 獨立責任:independent responsibility 合同義務:con
63、tractual obligation 信用評估:credit evaluation 經濟衰退:economic recession 法律文件:legal document 指定銀行:nominated bank 信譽調查:credit investigation 提貨擔保:shipping guarantee 轉移風險:transfer risk 信用額度:credit line 匯款人賬戶:remitter
64、9;s account 可兌換貨幣:convertible currency 大小寫金額:amount in words and figures SWIFT密押:SWIFT authentication key 第二還款來源:the second source of repayment 多式聯運提單:multimodal transport document 全球金融市場:global
65、financial market 需要時的代理:agent in case of need 全球經濟一體化:economic globalization 帶有不符點的單據:discrepant document 有條件的付款承諾:conditional undertaking of payment 無條件的支付承諾:unconditional promise of payment 全球金融同業通訊協會:SW
66、IFT 無條件的書面支付命令:unconditional order of payment in writing 海外分支機構和代理行:overseas branches and correspondent banks 1.國際結算涉及有形貿易和無形貿易,外國投資,從其他國家借貸資金等等。 The international settlement involves tangible trades,
67、0;intangible trade, foreign investments, funds borrowed from or lent to other countries and so on. 2.許多銀行注重發展國際結算和貿易融資的業務。 Many banks have focused on their business of internationa
68、l settlement and trade finance. 3.大多數國際間的支付來自于世界貿易。 Most of the international payments originate from transactions in the world trade. 4.一般來說,國際結算的方式分為三類:匯款,托收和信用證。 Usually the international
69、;settlement is divided into three broad categories: remittance, collection and letter of credit. 5.用于國際結算的的貨幣是可兌換的貨幣。 Currencies used in the international settlement are convertible currenci
70、es. 6.每一個通信和支付系統都有自己的使用規則。 Each communication and payment system has its own rules. 7.有五種美元清算的方式。 There are fives US dollar fund transfer payment methods. 8.歐元是歐盟國家使用的貨幣。 Euro is t
71、he single currency of the European Union. 9.香港作為國際金融中心必須遵循國際慣例。 As an international financial center, Hong Kong must follow international payment practices. 10.兩家銀行建立代理行關系的原則是基于雙方的互惠互利。 The
72、overall principle to establish correspondent banking relationship between two banks is on the basis of mutual benefits. 11.一家銀行對其所在國金融系統的重要性是對該銀行進行評級的重要因素。 The importance of a bank to
73、160;its country's financial system is a major factor in the rating process. 12.穆迪和標準普爾在對銀行進行評級時有許多相似之處。 Moody and Standard&Poor's share many similarities in rating banks. 13.許多著名
74、的大銀行是根據一定的程序來向代理行提供信用額度。 The credit line for a correspondent is worked out according to certain procedures in many sizeable and well-known banks. 14.銀行不僅可從貿易融資中獲利,而且還可以介入金融活動之中。 Not only
75、0;banks can gain from trade finance, they can also engage in those financial activities. 15.由于這張信用卡的持卡人不講信用,發卡銀行將取消該卡。 The issuing bank of this credit will cancel the holder's&
76、#160;card because of his poor credit standing. 16.旅行支票異于在國外銀行·旅店·商店·機場等兌現。 Traveller's checks are easily encashable at banks, hotel, shops and airports abroad. 17.匯票和本票的定義有一些相似之處。
77、160;There are some similarities between the definition of a bill of exchange and a promissory note. 18.請開立一張以Mr.Smith為付款人的金額為2000美元的即期匯票。 Please draw a sight draft on Mr.Simth for&
78、#160;US dollars 2000. 19.由于電信業的迅猛發展,大多數的付款義務都是通過電匯方式完成。 With rapid telecommunication, most payment transactions are handled by telegraphic transfer. 20.在付款業務中總是會出現一些差錯。 In the process of payment
79、transfer, some mistakes may occur. 21.處理付款業務中的典型錯誤是將頭寸付款方式和鏈式付款方式的報文混淆。 It is a typical mistake to confuse the message types of the cover method with those of the serial metho
80、d. 22.在一些國家,通常用于國內付款的鏈式方式也用于跨境付款。 In some countries and for some currencies, the serial method-typical for domestic payments-is also used cross-border. 23.電匯常常用于大金額和時間較緊的情況。 T/T is often use
81、d when the remittance amount is large and the transfer of funds is subject to a time limit. 24.跟單托收適用于出口商既不想用賒賬也不愿意用信用證的情況。 Documentary collections are suitable in cases where
82、 the exporter is reluctant to supply the goods on an open account basis, but does not need the strong security provided by a documentary credit. 25.跟單托收統一慣例是國際托收業務中通行的規則。
83、 The Unifrom Rules for Collections from an internationally accepted code of practice covering documentary collections. 26.單據應符合進口國家的法律和法規的要求。 The type of documents should comply with
84、60;the laws and regulations of the importing country. 27.拒絕證書是法庭認可的拒付的法律依據,它要由公證機構來制作。 Bill protesting is a legal evidence of dishonor acceptable to a court of law, and it wil
85、l come into force by a notarization of notary office. 28.在此契約安排下的每一項條款都是獨立的。 Each item in contracts in this arrangement is independent of one another. 29.進口商也要對遠期匯票進行承兌并到期付款。 An importer is also obliged to make an acceptance on the term bill of exchange and make
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