1、初中語法總結及練習五介詞介詞不能獨自作句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞等構成介詞短語，才可以擔任句子的成分。介詞短語可以在句中作表語Whos _(值日) today？/定語The man_ (穿紅色) is his uncle./狀語Your grandma doesnt look old_ (對于她的年齡)./賓語補足語He left the key_ (在家里)和獨立成分_ (順便問一下)。一、 介詞的分類1） 表示地點: at/in, in/to (the east of), on/under/over/above/below, in/into/out of, over, under, bet

2、ween/among/around, at/beside/near/next to, behind/in front of, about, across/along/through, down, before/after, to/for/from, towards, with, withoutover還有其他含義：遍及：all over the country(world) 超過：相當于more than。He is over 40.在那邊；越過 over therefor還有其他的用法：表原因，表示“為了” for the motherland.表示“擁護”，“支持” for or agai

3、nst表示“以價格”。How much do you want to buy it for?表示“就而說”。 for his age. 2） 表示時間: at/in/on, within, of, about, past, to , before/after, during/for/through, from/since, by/till/until, (notuntil)until與瞬間動詞(點動詞)連用時，必須用否定句表示；而與延續動詞連用，用肯定式。3） 表示手段和材料: by（通過方式或手段）, in（用某種墨水、語言、衣服或聲調）, with（用某一工具）with還有如下含義“由于，

4、因為”。She jumped with joy when hearing the news. 可與副詞連用構成祈使句。Out with your hands on your head!By的其他一些用法：表示“經過旁邊”。go by表示“由于”。 by mistake. 表示“相差，差額”。 missed the train by only five minutes/increased by 30% 表示“逐一地”one by one.4） 表示除去: besides, except, except for 5) 表示比較: as, like, without6) 表示原因: for(還可做連

5、詞), with, from 7) 表所屬: of, with, from8) 表對于: to, for, at, with 9) 表示贊成或反對: with/against10) 表示關于: about(關于；各處，四周 ；隨身，身旁), concerning, as for(介詞), as to“至于”二、 與其它詞類的搭配1）動詞+介詞：look into/over, come across/by, care for, call on，carry on/away/out, come back/about/, go into/over 等2) be+形容詞+介詞：be afraid of，

6、be pleased with，be embarrassed at3）介詞+名詞（作為副詞使用）：after you, by mistake, for example, in time 4)其它結構：動詞+oneself+介詞 dress oneself in/help oneself to; 動詞+sb.+介詞 thank sb. For sth./ rob sob of sth.三、 介詞兼做副詞 behind【落后】 before【以前】 in在家】 over【完了】四、 介詞省略 在this, last, next, every等詞之前不可以再加任何介詞。專項練習1. Children

7、 get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on2. A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1993.A. in B. at C. on D. since3. My grandfather was born_ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. inC. at D. of4. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. inD. during5.

8、 The train is starting _five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still6. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on7. We usually cover the Christmas trees _ colour lights.A. in B. use C. for D. with8.It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meetingA

9、. at B. on C. withD. of9.Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in10. They are filling their bags_ books and other things.A. in B. with C. of D. by11.Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992.A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in12. He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morni

10、ng.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to13. He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on14.The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. of15.I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it o

11、ut _ myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the16.We will finish the picture _a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on17.She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since18. Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. unt

12、il B. by C. at D. when19. We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. duringD. while20.They didn't leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. byC. after D. at21.I don't like to sit _ Tom's right. I would like to sit _ the back row.A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D

13、. at; on22.There is a brook(小溪)_ red flowers and green grass_ both sides. A. of with B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in23.Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on24.1 like moon cakes _ meat _ them.A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. wi

14、th; in25.When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of26.The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes_ your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of27.I saw him_hurry at the moment.A. in a B. in C. on D. on a28.He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a

15、hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at29.There is a door_ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D. in30.This kind of VCD is made_ China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on31.There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. at D. from32.Don't read _ the sun. It's bad _ your eyes.A. in; to B. u

16、nder; for C. with; to D. in; on33.The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B. on C. of D. at34.There are so many apples_ that tree.A. in B, on C. at , D. from35.The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across36.Two planes are flying_ the city.A. through B. over , C. on , D,

17、 below37. United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; besideD. at; on38.The man stood_the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to39.The river runs_ the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from40.Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Midd

18、le School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C., to D. /41.Did your friend send you something _ the end of last week?A. at B. by C. in D. to42.They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at43.Wood is often made _ paper.A. by B. from C. of D. into44.A woman fell _ the boat _ the water.A. off; into B. at; below