1、清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供初中英語時態總結動詞的時態 英語共有16種時態，根據近幾年曝光的四、六級考卷分析，時態測試重點主要有：完成時態現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時；進行時態現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時；一般時態。 一、一般時態 1、一般現在時 (1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態，常和副詞usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等連用。例如： 1)T

2、he moon moves round the earth. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains t

3、omorrow. (3)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，這類動詞有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引導的從句中，也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)Youll pr

4、obably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供2.一般過去時 (1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態，常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the li

5、brary. (注意與be used to doing短語的區別) 3.一般將來時 1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2)幾種替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準備做或將發生的事情。例如： Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強制性意義。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事

6、情。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示預先確定了的事，必定發生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供二、進行時態 1.現在進行時 (1)表示現在正在進行的動作，常與

7、now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等連用。例如： Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示現階段經常發生的動作，常與always，continually，forever，constantly等連用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有：go，co

8、me，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些動詞不能用進行時，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動詞。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感覺的詞)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的動詞)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞)；have，possess，own，contain，belo

9、ng，consist of，form(表示占有與從屬的動詞)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變，便也可用進行時態。例如： 1)Tom looks pale. Whats wrong with him? (look在此為聯系動詞，意為“顯得，看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此為實義動詞，意為“尋找”) 2.過去進行時 過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生后，另一個過去的動作正在進行，或表示過去反復的習慣，常與always，c

10、ontinually，constantly等動詞連用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3.將來進行時 將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，并繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you b

11、e doing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成進行時 (現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式，將放在完成時態部分講述。 三、完成時態 完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為： 1.現在完成時 (1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作(常與yet，already，just連用)，或者過去某一時刻發生的，持續到現在的情況(常與for，since連用)。例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常與現在

12、完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1)I havent been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There hav

13、e been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second) time +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如： (1)This is one of the rarest quest

14、ions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2.過去完成時 (1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如： 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By th

15、e end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或愿望等沒有實現。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如： We were

16、 to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)過去完成時常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus w

17、hen it started to move. 2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 3.將來完成時 將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作；也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有：by (the t

18、ime / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子；before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子；when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如： 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成進行時 完成進行時

19、是完成時的強調形式，有現在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時。 (1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. (2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in ma

20、ny places. (3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供四：時態一致 時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是： 1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時，從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope t

21、hat there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I dont know who bought it.” “Theres a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候，從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態 He said he was wri

22、ting a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時，從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如： The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態，從句謂語也應用一般現在時。 4、從

23、句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時，還應注意，若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞，從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣，不能遵循時態一致原則。例如： We insisted that we do it ourselves. 動詞的語態 語態也是動詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態) 1.不能用于被動語態的動

24、詞和短語 (1)在英語中，不及物動詞不能用于被動語態，但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示狀態或特征的及物動詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。 2.被動語態的時態形式 常用的被動語態有表1所列的幾種時態形式。 表1 時?SPAN lang=EN-US>

25、 一般時 進行時 完成時 現在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 過去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 將來 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 過去 should be asked should have been asked 將來 would be asked would have b

26、een asked 3.短語動詞的被動語態 短語動詞轉換為被動語態時，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如： 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分詞”的被動語態 “get + -ed分詞”結構強調動作的結果，而非動作本身，常用來表示突發性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分詞”還可用于談論為自己做的事

27、，是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如： get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚) get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉) get married(結婚) 5.能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態 (1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，一次只能由一個賓語作主語，另一個賓語被保留下來。例如： 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主動語態) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被動語

28、態) 3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被動語態) (2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如： 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態) 6.被動語態與系表結構的區別 (1)The novel was well written.(系表結構) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態) 7.少數動詞的主動語態有時有

29、被動的意思 例1：The book is selling remarkably well. 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來)，clean(擦起來)，wash(洗起來)，write(寫起來)。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need這樣用的動詞還有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例5：The book written by the

30、 professor is printing.清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供初一英語知識點(上冊)清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網站： 清華大學英語教授研究組提供哈佛大學英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中小學生英語量身定做。官方網站：哈佛大學英語教授研究組提供1. ? -Im Number One.What class are you in? Im in Class TwoWhat grade are you in? Im in Grade OneWhat row are you in? Im in Row One.What

31、row are they in? Theyre in Row 7What class is she in? Shes in Class One, Grade OneWhat colour is your bag? Its black.Whats his number? -Hes Number One, in Row One.Whats one plus two? -Its three.Whats this? -It is a clock.Whats that in English? -Its a book.Whatre these? They are books.Whatre those? T

32、hey are cups.What can you see in the picture? I can see a clockWhat can she see? She can see a dog.Whats in the room? There is a desk.Who is this? This is Joy. Who is that? That is David.Whos not here? Ann is not here.Who isnt at school today? Li Ming and Wei FangWhos that girl? Thats my sister, Joy

33、.Whos that man? Thats my father.Whos on duty today? I am.How old are you? Im eleven.How old is she? Shes seven.How old is Polly? Its two.How many children are there in your class? 66How many pens do you have? I have 2 pens.How are you? Im fine, thanks.How is your father? Hes well.How do you do? How

34、do you do?Where is she? I think shes at home.Where is the washroom? Its over there.Where are her photos? Theyre on the wall.Which is your friend? The one in a hat.Which boy is Tom? The boy on the bike.Whose clock is this? -Its his.Whose is this clock? -Its his.Whose shoes are these? -Theyre mine.2.

35、一般疑問句Are you Lin Tao? Yes, I am.Are you in Row 4? Yes, I am.Are you ten? Yes, I am.Are you English? Yes, I amAre these your English books? Yes, they are.Are those your pens? Yes, they are.Are we all here? Yes, we areAre they on her desk? Yes, they are.Are there two boys in the room? Yes, there areAr

36、e there any girls in the room? Yes, there are.Is one plus two three? Yes, it is.Is this a cup? Yes, it is.Is that a ruler? Yes, it is.Is it a cake? Yes, it is.Is it on the desk? Yes, it is.Is everyone here today? Yes, we are.Is she at school today? Yes, she is.Is this your pencil-box? Yes, it is.Is

37、that my cup? No, it isnt.Is there a bag on the bed? Yes, there is.Do you know? Yes, I do.Can you spell your name? Yes, I can.Can we put our coats here? Yes, you can.Can I see your licence? Yes, you can3. 重要的詞組與句型(1)Whats plus? Its(2)Whats minus? Its(3)How old?(4)Whats this in English?(5)in English(6

38、)an English car(7)a Japanese jeep(8)I dont know.(9)I think he is two.(10)This is Li Lei.這是李磊。電話中表示“我是李磊”。(11)Is that Tom?(12)How are you? Fine, thanks.(13)Is Bill in? =Is Bill at home?(14)Is your friend a boy or a girl?(15)Thats right.(16)Thats wrong.(17)She is at home.(18)He is at school.(19)Where

39、is she?(20)Excuse me, is this your book?(21)Here you are. Thank you.(22)Thank you. Thats all right.-Thats OK. You are welcome.(23)Its very good. Thank you.(24)Come in, please. Thank you.(25)on duty(26)Whos on duty today?(27)Are we all here?(28)Who isnt at school today?=Who isnt here today?(29)two ne

40、w students(30)welcome to our class(31)Please sit down over there.(32)Are you English?(33)look after the twins(34)This way, please.(35)in the same row(36)put our coats here(37)put them here(38)Lets go.(39)twin sisters(40)twin brothers(41)look at the picture(42)Can I see your licence?(43)have a big fa

41、mily(44)go to the same school in Beijing(45)You look like Lucys hat.(46)go to No. 2 Middle School(47)Can you guess?(48)have a seat =sit down(49)on the desk(50)behind the chair(51)under the bed(52)near the door(53)What can you see in the room?(54)Can you see a book?(55)a picture of a classroom(56)The

42、re is a map on the wall in the room.(57)a map of China(58)The door is locked.(59)We must find Miss Gao.(60)Can you help me?(61)Can I help you?(62)Isnt it in your bag?(63)There is some money in it.(64)Let me help you find it.(65)Dont worry.(66)Theres a purse in here.(67)What colour is your purse?(68)

43、a tree house(69)like to play(70)a Young Pioneer(71)How many children are there in your class?(72)There is only one.(73)Theyre at work.(74)Let me count.(75)Are there any pears in the picture?(76)There isnt a cat here.=There is no cat here.(77)There are not any cats here.=There are no cats here.(78)co

44、me on(79)a little cat(80)Cant you see?(81)a very nice sweater(82)It looks very nice.(83)I want a sweater like this.(84)The man in the green car is his father.(85)The girl in red is Lucy.(86)come here(87)Whose is this shirt?(88)Whose shirt is this?(89)Let me have a look.(90)put on(91)What about?=How

45、about?(92)Whats the time?=What time is it?(93)give it to Mr. Hu(94)Its time to get up.(95)go homego to schoolgo to the classroom(96)8:05 eight five =five past eight8:15eight fifteen=fifteen past eight=a quarter past eight8:30eight thirty=half past eight8:45eight forty-five =fifteen to nine=a quarter

46、 to nine8:55eight fifty-five=five to nine1:58-2:02 two to two to two two(97)half past one(98)Its time for lunch.(99)Its time for break.(100)play games4. 音標歸類Aname cake grade eraser same take age table late face game favouritebag am can that and an map bag apple Japanese man cat at thanks have fax Am

47、erican glad family dad hat cap black animalorangewhat wantbanana woman American address husband England Macao aboutmany anyclass banana classmate ask father afternoon answer pastEme she he Secret Chinese Japanese these weyes seven ten eleven twelve hello spellpencil pen desk bed egg very welcome Ame

48、rican them let well yes address guess get help men red yellow dress else nexteleven secret English eraser excuse England behind women beside betweensharpener student licence parentzeroIfive hi nine minus bike Chinese fine nice child China nice licence wife likebehind find kite white line mine beside

49、 timein six it fifteen this in English its think picture his hill twin American sit Miss middle will family sister big thing with river little which giveOno old hello dont home over go phone goes open only clothesnot clock orange sorry on forgot box doctor lock dogwomanwho do to whosebrother come lo

50、ve mother son somemoney worry colour glove Londoncomputer today parrot welcome police LondonwomenUcomputer excuse duty studentnumber plus cup bus but much mumus husband uncle under must up supper hundred funnyputruler blueum minusOwrow know window yellowhow now flower brownOotoo room school afternoo

51、n classroomschoolbag broom noonbook look goodbye good foot footballfloor doorOuMouse house count blouse trousersYoungEarpear wearhear nearEaseat teacher please clean speaksweatergreat break5. 詞形轉換名詞變復數代詞變復數ChildChildrenThisTheseFootfeetThatThoseSheepSheepHe/she/itTheyManMenHis/her/itsTheirWomanWomen

52、Him/her/itThemMouseMiceIWeMyour6. 代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單復單復單復人稱代詞主格IWeYouYouHeSheItThey賓格MeUsYouYouHimHerItThem意義我我們你你們他他它他們物主代詞形代MyOurYourYourHisHerItsTheir物代MineOursYoursYoursHisHersItsTheirs意義我的我們的你的你們的他的她的它的他們的7. 反義詞、同義詞、同音詞、反義詞/對應詞Yes-NoMorning-afternoonOn-underPlus-minusStudent-teacherOpen-closeThis-

53、thatNew-oldYoung-oldThese-thoseSame-differentBlack-whiteWoman-manSit down-stand upLight-darkBoy-girlDown-upLight-heavyHere-thereAfter-beforeShort-tallFather-motherGo-comeRight-wrongBrother-sisterAsk-answerBig-smallChild-parentTake-bringAunt-uncleHusband-wifeDad-mumSon-daughter同音詞Two-too-toHis-hesOur-hourAre-RThere-theirWhy-YNo-knowWhere-wear同義詞/近義詞Be in=at homeMr-misterHi-helloLook-seeFine-wellDesk-table單詞課文每天讀一遍哈佛大學英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中小學生英語量身定做。官方網站：哈佛大學英語教授研究組提供學英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學生說：“難死了”。為什么有好多學生對英