1、Noun-clauses請試著完成以下句子：請試著完成以下句子：1. Knowing _ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability. (do)知道你正在干什么，能降低失敗的風險，這就像給自己的能力買了份保險。 (2013湖北卷71)2. The police will reward _ useful information to catch the robber. (provide)任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將予以獎勵。（2014湖北卷74）what

2、you are doingwhoever provides/ has provided請問以上句子考查什請問以上句子考查什么語法知識？么語法知識？1.什么是名詞性從句？2.名詞性從句有哪些？1.什么是名詞性從句？什么是名詞性從句？用一個句子充當名詞（代詞）功能叫名詞性從句。在主句中它常作主語、賓語、表語或同位語。1. The truth is true. (true 作表語)2. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.(that 引導表語從句)3. Mr. Zhang is a kind person. (Zhang 是M

3、r.的同位語)4. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear. (that 引導同位語從句) 1. 為什么叫名詞性從句？_整個從句相當于一個名詞比較:The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復雜的含義,一般是個動作或性質I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 為什么要有名詞性從句

4、？那人看了看四周. (名詞作主語)那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望. (從句作主語)我知道他在房間里寫作文.從句的特征:是一個句子,有一個引導詞,引導詞做從句的一個成分 (that 除外)名詞能做的成分,從句都能做 從句表達的意思比名詞復雜得多名詞性從句有哪些？名詞性從句有哪些？1.主語從句2.賓語從句3.表語從句4.同位語從句 名詞性從句 主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句在句中做- 賓語從句在句中做-表語從句在句中做- 同位語從句在句中- 主語賓語表語同位語1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3.

5、 The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句名詞性從句引導詞的選定？名詞性從句引導詞的選定？單看從句內1.成份齊全或意思清楚用that；2.成份缺少主、賓、表用what；3.根據句意缺什么疑問詞補什么疑問詞。1.（2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. where B. whenC. how D. why2. （2

6、014北京卷）33.Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whateverB. whenever.C. wherever D. however3. （2014大綱卷）24. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. （2

7、014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether5. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. which B. that C. whatD. where6.（2014江蘇卷）26.What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame,

8、 mum. I am _ you have made me.A. howB. whatC. thatD. who7. （2014山東卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 8. （2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats _ I was born.A. when B. how C. why D. where9. （2014

9、天津卷）14. I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who10. （2014浙江卷 ）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether名詞性從句的幾種特殊結構名詞性從句的幾種特殊結構1.形式主語和賓語；2.名詞性從句與定語從句的區別；3.wh-ever與no

10、matter-wh;4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。 用形式主語 it 的主語從句常見結構1. It is clear (necessary, important, possible, remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)2. It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事實是 ( 好事是,好消息是)3. It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated, said, believed) that眾所周知( 據報道,據記載,據說,據估計)4. It turns out

11、( seems, happens, appears) that 結果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) 5. It has been found (has been proved, can be seen, must be pointed out) that 已發現( 已證明,可以看出,需指出)1.形式主語和賓語形式主語和賓語用 it 句型翻譯:1.據說他來自武漢。2.眾所周知, 閆志是我們市最富有的人。3.養成好的學習習慣是很重要的。It is said that he comes from Wuhan. It is well-known that Mr. Yan Zhi is the r

12、ichest person in our city.It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.4.真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.It is strange that he should be late today.5.我討厭人們說話時嘴里塞滿東西。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.形式賓語情況與形式主語類似，不再贅述。形式賓語情況與形式主語類似，不再贅述。2.同位語從句與定語從句的同位語從句與定語從句的區別區別同位語從句與定語從句比較容易混淆，特別是當

13、連接詞都是同位語從句與定語從句比較容易混淆，特別是當連接詞都是that時更是如此。一般說來：定語從句的關系詞在從句中應充當相應時更是如此。一般說來：定語從句的關系詞在從句中應充當相應成份，如：主語、賓語、表語；而同位語從句的連接詞只是起引成份，如：主語、賓語、表語；而同位語從句的連接詞只是起引導提示作用，在從句中并不充當任何成份。導提示作用，在從句中并不充當任何成份。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊取得決賽勝利的我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。 （同位語從句）The news t

14、hat you told us is really encouraging.你告訴我們的你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。 （定語從句）1.The suggestion _ is worth considering. (practical)學生應該學些實用的東西的學生應該學些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。建議值得考慮。2.The suggestion _is that the students should learn something practical.值得考慮的值得考慮的建議是學生應該學些實用的東西。建議是學生應該學些實用的東西。that students should le

15、arn something practicalthat is worth considering3.wh-ever 與與no matter -wh1.wh-ever可以引導名詞性從句和狀語從句，而no matter wh只能引導狀語從句；2.判斷是那種從句的辦法是：去掉從句部分，如果成份齊全或意思清楚為狀語從句，否則是名詞性從句。例如：（1）_I approach her, she always tries to avoid me, pretending not to have seen me at all.不管我什么時候接近她，她總是試圖躲避，假裝根本沒看見我。(2)The police w

16、ill reward _useful information to catch the robber.任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將給予獎勵。Whenever/No matter whenwhoever1. _, as long as I am with nature, I dont care. （hard）無論旅游是多么艱辛，只要我和大自然在一起，我都不在乎。2.Under wood in the popular US drama series House of Cards used his won power to get rid of _.(stand)流行美劇紙牌屋中的安德伍德

17、利用手中擁有的權力掃除一切當路人。However/ No matter how hard the trip iswhoever stood in his way4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(should) +do,常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (reque

18、sted, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so. (2) 表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅持等及物動詞后面的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,常用的這類動詞有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主語是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建議、請求、

19、要求、決定等意思的詞時,表語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. (4) 表示建議、請求、命令、要求、決定等意思的名詞后面的同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣(should)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once. 此處只是列出，在虛擬語氣時再詳講此處只是列出，在虛擬語氣時再詳講1. _, you should insist o

20、n going after your dream. (go)無論你會經受什么樣的困難，你都應該追逐你的夢想。2When you are older I think youre better equipped mentally to cope with _. (happen)你年齡再大一些后，我想你就會有更強的心理承受能力來面對所發生的任何事情。請按要求完成下列句子請按要求完成下列句子 Whatever difficulty you will go throughwhatever happens3. _ was that if students were not brought up in a

21、pleasant environment, they would get into many bad habits. (concern)最使老師們擔心的是，若學生沒有好的成長環境，就容易染上許多惡習。What concerned the teachers most4. As he is always careful with everything, we are now uncertain about _.(take)由于他對任何事都小心謹慎，所以我們現在還不確定他是否會冒這次風險。whether he will take this chance/risk請按要求完成下列句子請按要求完成下列句

22、子 5. She never makes reflections on herself. On the contrary, she is always finding fault with others, which is _. (lie)她從不自省，相反，她總是對別人很挑剔，這就是問題所在。6.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is _. (make)面對挑戰，你應該相信你的勇氣是發揮很大作用的因素。7._does matter in case of emergency. (keep)在緊急情況下我們應該保持鎮定，這很重要。8.News came from the school office _Wuhan University. (admit)從校辦傳來消息說他已經被武漢大學錄取。9. Sci