1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上短文改錯口訣：動詞形,名詞數,注意是形還是副;非謂動詞細辨別,習慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析,邏輯錯誤須關注。 一 動詞形主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態和語態錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述兩例分別屬于時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念，注意短文內容發生或存在的時間，保

2、持時間概念的一致性。 二 名詞數指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫成單數。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects三 區分形和副及區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。 這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句

3、子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。四 非謂動詞細辨別這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playing My parents love me and will do all th

4、ey can make sure to上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態的含義。五 習慣用法要記住主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六 句子成分

5、多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習慣的影響而導致的錯誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。七 邏輯錯誤須關注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等

6、方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么

7、能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯誤類型外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯誤），以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me. andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. orWe may be one family and live under a same roof. the下

8、面是全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現在請你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain

9、, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83.

10、 _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _head touched the pillow.答案與簡析：76. famous前加上a。 （名詞數）。 77. 正確 78. we前面加when，引導一個時間狀語從句。（句子成分多分析） 79. themus （邏輯錯誤須關注） 80. visitingvisited（非謂動詞細辨別） 81. picturepictures（名詞數） 8

11、2. passespassed（動詞形） 83. 去掉down（習慣用法要記住） 84. andbut（but, and, or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 習慣用法要記住）。短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則1）句中各部分的結構是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞；2）謂語動詞的時態、語態；3）非謂語動詞的用法；4）名詞的單、復數，格的使用是否正確；5）定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確；6）代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤；7）定語從句中關系代詞、副詞是否準確無誤；8）并列句中的并列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。例題分析Tom and Dick are next door neighbo

12、r who work 1._in the same office so they walked together to and from 2._office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3._sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4._and said, My wife surely has foresight (預見) . She said 5._on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my

13、 6._umbrella with me. Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7._My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8._carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9._have with you. 10._1. 首先 通讀全文，掌握大意 此文講述的是鄰居Tom 和Dick 的故事。2. 整句分析，逐行推敲 第二遍閱讀后 容易改出的題有 .10 然后先看前6項 第3項 翻譯整句為：有一天當他們一起走路回

14、家時天突然開始下雨了。Some day 不能表示有一天，屬于固定搭配中修飾詞有誤。 第5項，由于對foresight的意思和用法不清楚，不能輕易改動。暫放一邊。 現在看710 項。第7項 翻譯意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（Tom），說到.，翻譯后很容易可以看出said前有一個逗號，and 連接的動詞只有smiled 和 walked。說明此處有錯。 第8題，又出現了foresight。現在來比較第5項和第8項的兩個句子。1）My wife surely has foresight (預見) 我的妻子肯定地作出了預見 （Toms wife）2）My wife has even great f

15、oresight。 我的妻子作出了更大的預見 (Dicks wife)比較兩句后 可以判斷這里的foresight不是一個動詞而是一個不可數名詞。可以判定great有錯。并可以反推第5項應該沒有錯誤。(Dick 的妻子說的話明顯有比較的含義并且這樣才能突出文章的幽默感) 第9項理清句子結構后，可以看出有一詞是多余的。 總結錯誤考查點有1.名詞單復數2.時態 3. 固定搭配 4。詞性5.多余的介詞和連接詞 6.非謂語 7.形容詞的比較級8.少了代詞。題型比例 1個正確，缺詞1個，多詞2個，錯詞6個(一)Most families in China hoped their single child

16、ren will 76_have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. 77_So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much 78_homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79_The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 80_wonder so many children are tired o

17、f lessons. Some even 81_attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people 82_already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. 83_Shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 84_government is making out a plan to solve the education problems. 85_ （二）Nowadays, almost ever

18、y family has TV set, and almost 76_everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives. 77_TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 78_latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our 79_eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more 80_about the world But

19、, it also has some disadvantages. People 81_waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 82_and work are affected To the children who they spend too 83_much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 84_and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV. 85_ （三）A few mont

20、hs after returning the US from Germany, I took 76._part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 77._to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be 78._interested to begin studying another language. At the 79._first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation 80._exercise in i

21、t he would say a word or two in French, and 81._each student would do their best to copy. When he got to 82._me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 83._finally asked him why. I find it great fun, she explained 84._it. In 25 years of teaching at school, its the first time 85._Ive heard an Ame

22、rican speak French with a German accent. （四） The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night 76._millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from 77._ hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 78._ there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk.

23、People in 79._ either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 80._ River is such dirty and poisonous that people dont dare swim 81._in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 82._ government and the people near the river must try to clear water 83._as soon as poss

24、ible. Now special attention has paid to the 84._ pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 85._ will be prevented in the near future.（五）Dear Abby,How are you? Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you. 76._I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._fur

25、ther education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me 80._going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._cant imagine a girl so young live