1、英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的分析方法:去枝葉,留主干。1劃出句子中的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句;2劃出所有介詞短語(yǔ)(位于be動(dòng)詞后的除外;3名詞性從句看作一個(gè)整體,找出句中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞;4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)看作一個(gè)整體;5找出全句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),即句子的主干;6分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。1. But even more important,it was thefarthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns an

2、d structures that existed 15 billion years ago.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that。但I(xiàn)t wasthat在本句中不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。it是指上句中所提到的150億年前形成的巨大云團(tuán)(a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth;that引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the farthest。for引導(dǎo)的是表示原因的分句,分句中還有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the patterns and structure。譯文

3、:但更重要的是,這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測(cè)到的有關(guān)過(guò)去的最為遙遠(yuǎn)的景象,因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。2. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor,tens of thousands of homeless andhungry agricultural workers,with theirwives and children,were forced into thecities in search of work,and any work,under any

4、 condition,that would keep them alive.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it happenedthat。it做形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的從句做真正的主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句中,又有一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句為tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workerswere forced,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中從句主語(yǔ)the new factories又帶有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that were springing up; that would keep them alive做work的定語(yǔ)從句。spring up意為“

5、發(fā)生,出現(xiàn),建立”。譯文: 于是就出現(xiàn)了這樣的情況:正當(dāng)新辦的工廠紛紛建立,需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力的時(shí)候,成千上萬(wàn)無(wú)家可歸、饑腸轆轆、以農(nóng)業(yè)為生的勞動(dòng)者攜家?guī)Э?被迫進(jìn)入城市;他們要找活干,不管什么活兒,不論什么條件,只要不被餓死就行。3. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate

6、 observations and experiments,she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是we have cometo believe that。that引導(dǎo)的從句做believe的賓語(yǔ)從句;此從句中有一個(gè)that 從句作the sense的同位語(yǔ)從句;同位語(yǔ)從句中又套嵌一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;此時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句又套嵌一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that endure,修飾其先行詞discoveries。by way of意為“經(jīng)由,通過(guò)方法”;reward sb. with意為“以

7、報(bào)答,酬勞”;endure此處應(yīng)譯為“持久,持續(xù)”,不要譯為“忍受,容忍”。譯文:由于兩三個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的科學(xué)研究成果,我們逐漸相信,如果運(yùn)用合適的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法向大自然探究問(wèn)題,她會(huì)真心實(shí)意地給我們答復(fù),并且以永垂不朽的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)報(bào)答我們。從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō),大自然是可以認(rèn)識(shí)的。4. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at wh

8、ich it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details。后面緊跟省略了if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句were it not for the fact that,即if it were not for the fact that;that從句作the fact的同位語(yǔ)從句。此

9、從句中又套嵌一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾其先行詞the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾the kind of measurements。simply譯為“只不過(guò),僅僅”,不應(yīng)譯為“簡(jiǎn)單地”。譯文:理論上的認(rèn)識(shí)已達(dá)到了這樣一個(gè)階段,即現(xiàn)在已能指出需要哪種測(cè)量方式才能可靠地預(yù)報(bào)天氣。如果做不到這一點(diǎn),那么上述這些新的觀察能力只不過(guò)提供了一大堆細(xì)節(jié)而已。5. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimede

10、s,namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces,has manydifferent versions,of which the following is one.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The storyhasmany different versions。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes為名詞性從句做介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。namely that a s

11、olid body作the principle of Archimedes的同位語(yǔ);when immersed in a liquid是省略了主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),句子補(bǔ)充完整為when the solid body is immersed in a liquid,修飾其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid;it displaces是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the liquid,it代指前面提到的the solid body;同時(shí),of which the following is one又構(gòu)成先行詞ve

12、rsions 的定語(yǔ)從句。displace意為“排(水”;version不譯為“版本”,此處指“根據(jù)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的(對(duì)事件等的說(shuō)法,看法”;句尾的one代指a version。譯文:當(dāng)固體浸沒(méi)到液體中時(shí),固體會(huì)失去它所排出的液體的那部分重量,這就是現(xiàn)在通常所謂的阿基米德原理。有關(guān)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的故事說(shuō)法眾多,下面的故事就是其中之一。6. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between

13、 molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。此賓語(yǔ)從句中套嵌一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞forces of attraction; so that the attraction b

14、etween molecules是so that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;在此狀語(yǔ)從句中,除主干結(jié)構(gòu)the attractionwas very small but became considerable,又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart做定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做狀語(yǔ)從句,修飾but became considerable。considerable譯為“相當(dāng)大(或多的”。譯文:我們?cè)?jīng)假定,分子之間存在

15、著引力,這種引力隨著分子之間距離的不同而有顯著的變化,因而,在間距為千萬(wàn)分之幾毫米的分子之間的引力是很小的,但是分子靠得很近時(shí),這種引力會(huì)變得相當(dāng)大。7. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development,which means that we must,for the benefit of coming generations,leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs

16、 and fulfill their aspirations.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development。其后緊跟著一個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞sustainable development。此定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞means又套嵌一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,即we mustleave enough environmental space。此賓語(yǔ)從句中又有so that結(jié)構(gòu)做此從句的目的狀語(yǔ)。be enshrined in意為“被深深地珍藏(或銘記在”,此處轉(zhuǎn)譯為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“納入

17、到”。sustainable development譯為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。譯文:這一需要被正式載入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念之中。所謂可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指:為了子孫后代的利益,我們必須保留足夠的生存環(huán)境空間,以滿足他們的需要,施展抱負(fù)。8. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space, which is the special property of sculpture and architecture,since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at

18、 one time,whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view,thus supplying movements in space and time.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是Painting lacks only the mean s,since。since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句修飾主句;關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the means to represent movement in time and space; property在此處應(yīng)譯為“性質(zhì),特性”,不譯為

19、“財(cái)產(chǎn),資產(chǎn)”。譯文:繪畫(huà)缺少的僅僅是表現(xiàn)空間與時(shí)間變化的手法,而這正是雕塑與建筑的特性。繪畫(huà)時(shí)只要求在某一時(shí)刻,從空間的一點(diǎn)來(lái)欣賞,而雕塑和建筑的創(chuàng)造則要求從各個(gè)角度來(lái)欣賞,這樣就表現(xiàn)出了空間,時(shí)間的變化。9. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes,and that they might losetheir heritage in regular classes,thesewomen have since given voice,loudly

20、 andpersuasively,to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country,their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是these women havegiven voiceto what they know from experience that。that從句做experience的同位語(yǔ)從

21、句;此從句中又套嵌一個(gè)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;Once intimidated by arguments是過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)修飾these women,其施動(dòng)者arguments 又有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句修飾限定它。intimidated by arguments意為“被論點(diǎn)搞得驚慌害怕”;feel at home不能直譯為“感到在家”,而譯為“感到自在”;givevoice to意為“表達(dá),表露”;land jobs譯為“找到工作”。譯文:有人說(shuō),孩子們?cè)陔p語(yǔ)課堂里會(huì)感到更加自由自在,而在正規(guī)班級(jí)會(huì)喪失其傳統(tǒng)文化。這幾位母親曾被這一論點(diǎn)搞得惶恐不安,現(xiàn)在發(fā)表了最響亮,最有說(shuō)服力的意見(jiàn)。從她們自身的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中,他們深知:如果孩子們不熟練掌握他們所移居國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言,除了那些最簡(jiǎn)單的體力活兒外,根本談不上上大學(xué),也談不上找到理想的工作。10. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells,though now specialized,still contain exact copies of