1、oWith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法小結(jié)with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種.學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重要的作用.一、with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 它是由介詞 with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中第一局部賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二局部補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去 分詞.With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞；2. with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞；3. with或without-名詞/代

2、詞+介詞短語；4. with或without-名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式；5. with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞.下面分別舉例：1、 She came into the room , with her nose red because of cold.with+ 名詞 + 形容詞,作伴隨狀語2、With the meal over , we all went home. with+名詞 + 副詞,作時(shí)間狀語3、 The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm . with+ 名詞 + 介詞 短語,作伴隨狀語

3、. The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、 He lay in the dark empty house , with not a man , woman or child to say he was kindto me. with+ 名詞 + 不定式,作伴隨狀語 He could not finish it without me to help him.without+代詞+不定式,作條件狀語with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,作伴隨狀語Without5、 She fell asleep with the light b

4、urning.anything left in the cupboard , she went out to get something to eat. without+ 代詞 + 過去 分詞,作為原因狀語二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語,表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因或條件詳見上述例句. With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語.例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes witheggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patchesof

5、 land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)1 . with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一局部與第二局部語法上 是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說,可以用第一局部作主語,第二局部作謂語,構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子.例如： With him taken care of , we felt quite relieved.欣慰He was taken good car

6、e of. She fell asleep with the light burning. The light was burning. With her hair gone , there could be no use for them. Her hair was gone.2 .在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一局部為人稱代詞時(shí),那么該用賓格代詞.例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、幾點(diǎn)說明：1. with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置：with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)一般放在句子前面,并用逗號與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)一

7、般放在句子后面,不用逗號分開.假設(shè)with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,那么放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號隔開.2. with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時(shí),不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞 、和過去分詞的區(qū)別：在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示主動(dòng),但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成.例如： With the boy leading the way , wefound he house easily.小男孩已領(lǐng)過路With the boy to lead the way , we will find thehouse easily tomorrow.小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路He

8、lay on the bed with the bedroom doorshut.寢室被關(guān)著3. with結(jié)構(gòu)與一般的with短語的區(qū)別：with結(jié)構(gòu)具有上述功能和特點(diǎn),而 '"介詞with+名詞或代詞組'"組成的一般的 with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語.作狀語時(shí),它能表示動(dòng)作的方式、原因,但不能表示時(shí)間、伴隨和條件.在一般的with短語中,with后面所跟的不是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.4. with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系：with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)本但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格

9、代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu) 較松散；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語.在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)那么不能；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語,但也可以作主語,而 with結(jié)構(gòu)那么不能.獨(dú)立主格在口語中不常用,往往由一個(gè)從句代替,而 with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語化,較常用.例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them."with+ 復(fù)合賓語 '"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語A strong man working a whole day co

10、uld not jump this high. 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語 The boy said , turning to the man , his eyes openedwide and his hand raised.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式, 作狀語 Then last night , I followed him here , and climbed in , sword in hand. 名詞 + 介詞短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立 主格結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語,表示伴隨情況board , she went out to get something to eat. witho

11、ut+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語-可編輯修改-with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished2. Now that we ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. takingB. Take C. takenD. to take3. You have

12、no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much.A. forB. whenC. with D. while4. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. filling C. to fillD. being filled5. John received an invitation to dinner, and wit

13、h his work, he gladly accepted it.2007 安徽 A. finishedB. finishing C. having finished D. was finished6. I couldn 't do my homework with all that noise.2005 北京A. going onB. goes on C. went onD. to go on7. and no way to reduce her pain and sufferingfrom the terrible disease, thepatient sought her d

14、octor s help to end her life. 2005 江西A. Having given up hope of cureB. With no hope for cureC. There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure8. two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.2004北京A. WithB. Besides C. As forD/ Because of9. It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished.2004 福建A. forB. with C. fr