1、第十三周名詞性從句一、各種名詞性從句的定義What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主語從句；what作主語)In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(賓語從句)When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the a

2、rmy.(同位語從)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That's where I don't agree. You should have a more active life.(表語從句)1主語從句：在復合句中充當主語的從句叫主語從句。2賓語從句：在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句叫賓語從句，位于及物動詞、介詞或形容詞后。3同位語從句：跟在一個抽象名詞之后，對該名詞的具體內容作進一步解釋說明。4表語從句：在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句叫表語從句，放在系動詞之后。二、that引導

3、的名詞性從句1that引導主語從句That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.(2014·江西)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.連詞that在引導名詞性從句時本身沒有意義，在從句中不擔任任何句子成分，但引導主語從句、表語從

4、句、同位語從句時不能省略。在賓語從句中有時可省略。(1)that引導主語從句位于句首時，that無意義，但是不可省略。(2)that從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，常見的句型有：Itbe形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)that從句。Itbe名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, )that從句。Itbe過去分詞(said, repor

5、ted, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, )that從句。2that引導賓語從句Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013·北京高考)He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.He has made it clear that he will not give in.(1)常見的可以接that從句作賓語

6、的動詞有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接復合賓語的動詞之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式賓語。(2)that從句一般不能充當介詞賓語，偶爾可作except, in的賓語。3that引導表語從句和同位語從句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表語從句)I made a promise to myself that this

7、 year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位語從句)(2012·浙江高考)(1)that引導表語從句時，一般不省略。(2)that引導同位語從句時，應在某些抽象名詞如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用，that只起引導同位語從句的作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，一般不省略。三、whether/if(是否)引導名詞性從句It doesn't matter whet

8、her you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012·山東高考)在這個商店中用現金或信用卡支付都可以。(主語從句，不可用if代替whether)I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.(賓語從句，可用if代替whether)The question is whether it is worth trying.(表語從句，不可用if代替whether)He must answer the question whether he agrees to it o

9、r not.他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個問題。(同位語從句，不可用if代替whether)It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取決于你是否能做好這項工作。(賓語從句，不可用if代替whether)whether和if在賓語從句中經常可以互換，但下列情況常用whether，不用if。1與or或or not連用時只能用whether2從句作介詞賓語時只能用whether3在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般用whether不用if。四、who, why, how, where, when等引導的名詞性從句It makes no

10、difference where we shall have the meeting.Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012·四川高考)Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(2014·福州質檢)It hasn't been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to t

11、raffic.(2014·皖南八校聯考)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(2014·開封高中模考)1特殊疑問詞引導主語從句時，常用it作形式主語。2能接特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句的動詞很多，常見的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。

12、3以上疑問詞可引導介詞賓語從句。4特殊疑問詞還可引導表語從句和同位語從句。五、what, wh­ever引導的名詞性從句What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.(2013·重慶高考)影片中最打動我的是父親對他兒子深厚的愛。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主語從句)There are various things on sale, so you can choose whateve

13、r interests you.(賓語從句)Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(讓步狀語從句)1what引導名詞性從句時，what在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。2“疑問詞ever”可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的成分。whoever與whatever表泛指，意為“無論誰”，“無論什么”；whichever表示在特定范圍內選擇，意為“無論的哪一個/哪一些”。3“疑問詞ever”還可以引導讓步狀語從句。4“no matter疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。六、同位語從句與定語從句的區別The news that

14、 they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個學校。(此句為同位語從句，進一步解釋“the news”的內容)The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語從句，它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個消息”)1同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容作進一步的解釋、說明，引導詞that只起引導作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。2定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞在句中作一定的句

15、子成分。考點一主語從句1(2013·四川高考)_ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.AWhenBHowCWhat DThat解析：選C句意：你在會上所說的話描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子結構可知，空處引導主語從句，且在從句中作賓語，故用what。2(2013·陜西高考)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.Athat BwhichCwhat

16、 Dwhether解析：選D句意：這個新形成的委員會的政策能否實施還有待觀察。分析句子結構可知，It作形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的從句“_ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根據句意來判斷，此處表示“是否”的意思。故選D。考點二賓語從句3(2013·新課標全國卷)Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat解析：選D句意：警察找到的東西似乎是那尊丟失的古代雕像。分析句

17、子成分可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，故用what。4(2013·山東高考)It's good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat解析：選D句意：得知我們離開時狗會得到很好的照顧真高興。分析句子成分可知，所填詞引導賓語從句，而且在從句中不作任何句子成分，故選D。5(2013·湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ clo

18、se you may be to victory.Ahow BthatCwhich Dwhere解析：選A句意：別讓失敗使你灰心喪氣，因為你永遠不可能弄清楚你離勝利有多近。及物動詞tell后接賓語從句，根據句意可知空處修飾形容詞close，故應用how。考點三表語從句6(2013·安徽高考)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.Awhy BhowCbecause Dwhether解析：選C句意：從太空中看

19、，地球是藍色的。這是因為它表面約百分之七十一都被水覆蓋著。此處考查的是表語從句的引導詞，主要涉及because和why引導表語從句時的區別。分析前后兩句之間的邏輯關系可知，此處為“前果后因”，應用because，故選C。考點四同位語從句7(2013·浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.Ahow BthatCwhich Dwhether解析：選B空處引導同位語從句，解釋

20、說明belief的具體內容，而且引導詞在從句中不作成分，也無意義，故選B項。考點五wh­ever引導的名詞性從句8(2013·江西高考)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.AWhoeverBWhateverCWhichever DWherever解析：選C句意：你們中任何一個人打破窗戶都必須賠償。根據題干中的one of you可知，此空要用whichever修飾one，指“你們中的任何一個人”。解題技法指導技法一：句子成分分析法看從句是否缺少成分，不缺少成分就用that, whether/if；缺少

21、成分就用wh­類連接代詞。(1)抓住同位語從句的特征：同位語從句通常跟hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名詞之后。(2)that在同位語從句中不作任何語法成分；在定語從句中作主語表語或賓語。典例(2013·北京高考)_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.AThat BWhatCWho DWhich分析考查主語從句。句意：讓這本書如此非凡的是作者創造性的想象力。所填詞引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語，故選B。技法二：結構

22、分析法近幾年來，在考查名詞性從句題目時，命題人有意把句子結構復雜化，如加入插入語、倒裝句、強調結構、復雜從句、易混結構等。做題時，若能正確分析句子結構，把握句子脈絡，就能正確理解句子含義，提高答題的速度和準確率。典例(2012·重慶高考)Evidence has been found through years of study _ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.Awhy BhowCwhether Dthat分析考查同位語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格后面的

23、部分是解釋說明evidence的內容的，是evidence的同位語從句，從句中不缺任何成分，故選連詞that，即D項。.單項填空1(2014·蘇南五校聯考)We were all surprised when she made it clear _ she would retire soon.Awhether BthatCwhen Dwhat解析：選B本句中it是形式賓語，clear后的從句是真正的賓語。“_ she would retire soon”不缺少成分，所以用that引導該賓語從句。故選B項。2More than 100 students have entered for

24、 the competition and _ gains the most points will be the winner.Aanyone Bthe oneCthat Dwhoever解析：選D句意：100多名學生參加了競賽，獲得最高分的學生將會成為獲勝者。分析句子結構可知，“_ gains the most points”為主語從句，從句中缺主語，表示“無論誰”，故用whoever。3(2014·無錫調研)_ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.A

25、That BWhyCWhat DWhether解析：選A句意：在中國，目前女大學畢業生找工作似乎很難。分析句子成分可知，主語從句中不缺任何成分，只缺引導詞，故選A。that引導主語從句時在從句中不作成分，但不能省略。4(2014·江西六校聯考)It remains to be seen _ the plan can be put into practice.It depends on your determination.Awhether BwhereChow Dthat解析：選A第一句中的It為形式主語，代替后面的主語從句。根據句意可知，空處表示“是否”，故選whether。5(2

26、014·淮安高三模擬)I serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.I'm sorry to say that's _ you are mistaken.Ahow BwhyCwhat Dwhere解析：選D根據答句句意“很遺憾，那正是你出錯的地方”可知答案為D項。6I wonder _ so many people are crazy about GangnamStyle.It's good for bodybuilding, and it brings people a lot of fun, you know.Ahow BwhereCwhy Dthat解析：選C句意：“我想知道為什么這么多人熱衷于江南Style。”“你知道，它有利于健身，而且給人們帶來了很多樂趣。”根據句意可知，應用why引導賓語從句。7(2014·九江模考)_ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.AWhat; whom