1、題型組合練（三十一）閱讀理解+語法填空+短文改錯I .閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A（2019 福建三校高三聯考）Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of li

2、fespan清命）around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter （PM）（顆粒物）smaller than 2.5 microns.Thesepart

3、iculates can enter deep into the lungs and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attack sstrokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions（F放物）.Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Bur

4、den of DiseaseStudy to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequencesin 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well-known, " sa

5、id Apte. "And we all care about how long we can live.Here, we were able to systematicallyidentify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival-on average about a year globally.In the context of other significant phenom

6、ena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number/For example, it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined he said. "In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly peopl

7、e of improving air quality would be especially large.For much of As jaf air pollution were removed as a risk for death 60-year-olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.1 . What do we know about PM 2.5 ?A. It has a bad effect on human health.B. It will be

8、controlled in the future.C. It mainly comes from industrial emissions.D. It spreads to the world from Asian countries.2. What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?A . They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.B. They employed the research data

9、 to calculate the effect.C. They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.D. They measured particulate matter much more carefully thanbefore.3. What can be inferred from the text?A. The key to people living longer is good air quality.B. People think air pollution is the most dan

10、gerous killer to them.C. Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.D. Factories should decreasethe production of cars to stop air pollution.4. What is the best title for the text?1 . The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespan8 . The importance of getting rid of air

11、pollution9 . Asian people are suffering from serious air pollution10 Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year體裁：說明文 題材：環境保護 主題：空氣污染導致人的壽命 減少一年以上【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，良好的空氣質量有益于延長壽命，但是空氣污染易導致細顆粒物進入人體肺部，導致 心臟病、癌癥、中風發病率升高，從而影響人的壽命。11 解析：細節理解題。根據第二段第二句"These particulates can enter dee

12、p into the lungs and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks strokes and cancer 可知, PM 2.5 影 響人體健康，故A項正確。答案：A12 .解析：細節理解題。根據第二段It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overal

13、l life expectancy!知，這是首次將空氣污染和壽命數據結合起來研究，以查明空氣污染如何影響總體 預期壽命。故B項正確。答案：B13 解析：推理判斷題。根據尾段的內容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large 可知，Apte認為改善空氣質量對老年人有 好處；據此可推知，他會同意人們采取措施應對空氣污染，故 C項正 確。答案：C14 解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Ai

14、rpollution shortenshuman lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers為全文的主題句，結合全文內容可知，文章通過 介紹科學研究，說明空氣污染導致人的壽命減少一年以上。故 D項最 適合作本文的標題。答案：DB（2019 長沙四校高三模擬）A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recen

15、t years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2, 000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ic ethe p

16、rimary habitat （棲息地）of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik , but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s.More bears seeme

17、d to stay on land and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies.US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention

18、 was given to the plight （困難）of polar bears about a decade ago more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011 said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. "Today we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors many

19、from around the world each year, " Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004.

20、Most of his clients戶）are from China and Europe , as well as from the lower 48 US states.Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from

21、tourism development.5. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?A. Food shortage.B. Climate change.C. Habitats' movement to shore.D. Their preference for land.6. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?A. Excited.B. Puzzled.C. Concerned.D. Shocked.7. What can

22、 be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.B. Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.C. Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.D. Tourism affects the balance of nature.8. Which saying can describe the text?A. The fittest can survive.B. After a storm comes

23、 a calm.C. There is always opportunity in crisis.D. Every coin has two sides.體裁：說明文 題材：社會生活 主題：北極熊登陸促進旅游業 發展【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。氣候變暖導致海冰融化，北極熊登陸，為阿拉斯加的一個小村莊帶來了巨大的人氣，促進了當地旅游 業發展，當地人又用旅游業的收入為北極熊提供積極的保護。5 .解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped

24、up the movement of sea icethe primary habitat（棲 H地）of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf more bears are remaining on land to look for food 可知，全球變暖力口 速了海冰融化，破壞了北極熊原本的棲息地，故越來越多的北極熊待 在陸地上以尋找食物，故選 B。答案：B6 .解析：觀點態度題。根據第三段的內容可知，隨著越來越多的 北極熊出現在陸地上，研究人員、生物學家等也越來

25、越多地關注北極 熊所處的這一困境，隨后，更多游客前往 Kaktovik。由此可推知，大 眾對更多北極熊登陸現象表示關注。故選C項。答案：C7 .解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的 Most tourists visit in the fall” “Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels 可知，大多數游客會選擇在秋季去Kaktovik游覽，而且很多游客會在這個小村莊待上幾天，而這個小村莊只有兩個小旅館，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅館很搶手。答案：A8 .解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章

26、可知，因為全球氣候變暖，北極 熊被迫登陸來尋找食物以生存下去，這本來是北極熊的困境，然而北 極熊登陸卻為一個小村莊帶來了旅游業的發展，這對小村莊來說是一 個機遇，同時，村民又利用旅游業收入為北極熊提供更多保護。因此 D項“事物都有兩面性”符合語境。答案：DH .語法填空閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的 正確形式。(2019 福州高三質量檢測)The information I 1.(collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2.(use)than

27、most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30, 000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogicalsentences were added to the text.The“ speed readers " 3.wertested didn't notice the irrelevant lines the readers who r

28、ead slowly spotted them immediately.I've interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessionst.(offer)by some speed reading courses.5. (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimesused to sell the courses.Here's howFirst, you're asked to read a passage from a book

29、6.which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then after about half 7.hour of instruction another reading test is given.But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know wellsuch as Adventuresof Huckleberry Finn.Not 8.(

30、surprising) persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exitspeed and comprehensionare better than their “ entry ” 9.(perform)I'm one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing.Occasionally I'll read a passage or sentence over and over just 10.(let) t

31、he beauty of its constructionsoak in (滲透).Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.體裁：說明文 題材：文化生活主題：快速閱讀并非那么有用【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。過去幾年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速閱讀可能沒有大多數人認為的那么有用，仔細閱讀才能 領略文字的魅力。1 .解析：考查動詞的時態。根據該句中的in the last few years”可知，該處可用現在完成時，意為“過去幾年收集到的信息讓我相信快速閱讀可能沒有大多數人認為的那

32、么有用"；收集信息的動作也可以 看成從過去開始一直持續到當前的動作，故也可以用現在完成進行時。故填 have collected/have been collecting答案：have collected/have been collecting2 .解析：考查形容詞。句意參見上題解析。根據空前的be les§及空后的than”可知，空處應用形容詞，故填 useful答案：useful3 .解析：考查定語從句。分析該句結構可知，空處引導定語從句， 修飾先行詞The Speedreaders”，且在從句中作主語，表示人，故用 who或that引導該定語從句。答案:who/th

33、at4 .解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據空后的by”并結合語境可知，動詞offer和其主語the introductory sessions間為邏輯上的動賓關系， 故用其過去分詞形式作后置定語。答案：offered5 .解析：考查代詞。根據空前一句中的 I've interviewed people 及空后的stories'可知，此處表示“他們的故事”，故用形容詞性物主 代詞their。答案：Their6 .解析：考查介詞。分析該句結構可知，該句為 “介詞+關系代 詞”引導的定語從句，be unfamiliar with sth為固定用法，意為“對某 事物不熟悉”，故空處應填介詞w

34、ith。答案：with7 .解析：考查冠詞。half an hour意為“半小時”，為固定用法， 故用不定冠詞an。答案：an8 .解析：考查副詞。此處應用副詞修飾整個句子，表示“不足為 奇的是“，故用 surprising的副詞形式 surprisingly。答案：surprisingly9 .解析：考查詞形轉換。根據本句中的 “their 'exit' speed以 及空前的their entry”可知，空處應用名詞；peformance意為“表現” 時可作可數名詞，也可作不可數名詞，故填 performance（s>答案：peformance（s）10 .解析：考查

35、動詞的不定式。該句意為：我偶爾會反復地閱讀 一個章節或者一個句子，僅是為了使其結構之美滲透出來。根據句意 并分析句子結構可知，此處表示目的，故用動詞不定式。答案：to letm .短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌 寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯 誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）畫掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；11 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。After sch

36、ooltoday, I took a walk in the park, depressingand down.I have made considerableefforts win the talent contest but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying, a boy in glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethoven's symphony with his mobile phone.Besid ehe s

37、aid Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his word, I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved, wecould create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us.I was true thankful for their encouragement.答案和解析：depressingAfter schooltoday, I took a walk in the park, depressed and,have u down.I -hod made considera