1、保定學晚本科卒北論丈f設計j題g :從概念功能看阿甘正傳中的人物對白糸f部j外語系學車+門類文學專英語學120814406姓名馮曉雪指導教師蘇bh取稱講師2016 年 05 刀 09 qthe analysis of the dialogues inforrest gump from ideationalfunctiona thesissubmitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree ofbachelor of artswritten by : feng xiaoxue supervised by: su li

2、foreign languages departmentbaoding universitymay 09, 2016從概念功能看阿甘正傳中的人物對白摘 要語言既是一種交流方式，也是一門藝術，與電影更是息息相關。經典電影阿 甘正傳的成功與電影中的人物對a密不可分。阿甘正傳講述了阿甘生平的 經歷。電影的主人公阿甘是一名弱裨兒童，對語言過程使用的能力很差。在他的 一生屮經歷y朋友親人的離別，戰爭等重大挫折。隨著經歷的增加，他對語言過 程的轉換能力也相應增強。在系統功能語言學的桐架下，韓禮德提出語言的三個 純理功能（概念功能、人際功能、語篇功能）。其屮，概念功能指的是言語對人 們在現世界以及內心世界屮

3、各種經歷加以表達的功能，并通過相應的語義系統得 以體現：及物系統。概念功能還包括邏輯功能。本文主要以概念功能為理論基礎 對電影阿甘正傳屮的人物對白進行及物性系統分析。及物系統涵蓋六個過程 （物質過程、心理過程、言語過程、關系過程、行為過程、存在過程）。本文將 從這六個過程具體分析阿甘正傳電影中對白的特點，從而進一步從語言過程 的使用情況看阿甘與其他人的區別，以及阿甘自身的變化。并以此證明概念功能 對理解電影的意義，并對系統功能語法提出實際應用的可能性。關鍵詞：純理功能及物系統過程阿甘正傳analysis of the dialogues in forrest gump from ideatio

4、nal functionabstractlanguage is a means of communication, is also an art. and the movie is closely related. with the successful movie classic film forrest gump in close dialogue. forrest gump tells the story of gump's life experience. gump the hero of the film, is a mentally handicapped child, a

5、nd the ability to use the language is very poor. in his life he has experienced the parting of friends and relatives, war and other major setbacks. with the increase of experience, his ability to transform the language process is also increased accordingly. under the framework of systemic functional

6、 linguistics, the three metafunctions of language proposed by halliday (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function). among them, the ideational function refers to using the speech to express the experience of people in the real world and the inner world, it can be reflected thr

7、ough the corresponding semantic system: transitivity system. the ideational function also includes logic function. this paper mainly uses ideational functional as the theoretical basis to analyze the characters of of the dialogues in forrest gump from transitivity analysis and logical function. the

8、physical system covers six processes (physical process, mental process, verbal process, relational process, behavioral process, and existential process). the paper will have an analysis of the dialogue's features through the six processes, thus further from the usage of language process see the

9、difference between forrest and others, as well as forrest gumps own changes. and to prove the significance of ideational function on the film, and put forward the possibility of the practical application of the system functional grammar.key words: metafunctions transitivity process forrest gumpconte

10、ntsintroduction1literature review2the meaning and content of the ideational function4-1-1-1 the six process of transitivity system4-1-1-1 logical function7the six processes in transitivity system in gumpsyouth periods7-1-1-1 the dialogue among the characters in the six processes7-1-1-1 the differenc

11、e among the characters from the proportion analysis of sixprocesses11the change of proportion of the six processes in gumps adulthood13-1-1-1 the social distance of the characters from the six process13-1-1-1 gumps two monologue to see the transformation of language process 14conclusion16works cited

12、19acknowledgements211 introductionin the development of human history，language become an indispensable tool，it also marks the beginning of civilization and progress.so there are many linguistic schools. in many contemporary linguistics, hallidays theory has attracted peoples attention. the applicati

13、on of the theory is more practical. this paper from the concept of systemic functional grammar and function to analyze dialogue in forrest gump , in order to summarize the language features of the film，and puts forward the feasible application of systemic functional grammar.forrest gump is such a cl

14、assic movie. in february 1995, forrest gump won the 13 oscar award nominations. but this movie today still hold some position. at the same time，it also left some famous aphorism to people. steven d scott said: “gump spirit” has become a common idiom: “life is like a box of chocolate”is a new level o

15、f meaning.(l) as dave kyle said, “gump has become one of american idol overnight”. (2) forrest gump can become a such influential film，indeed there are several reasons worthy of our attention.after the release of a film of concern from many people, including many scholars，educators and linguists. ho

16、wever，more than 10 years，there is no one using of systemic functional linguistics to analyze the professional language of the film. in order to let more people understand the characteristics of oral communication，and to understand the feasibility of practical application of systemic functional gramm

17、ar. there are more spoken dialogue are analyzed and summarized in details.in 1930s，under the influence of saussure，linguistics had started to complete system. however，many schools put emphasis on different aspects. european linguistics school focused on the language of symbols and function. among th

18、em， represented by malinowski, firth and hallidays london school of language research. halliday put forward the systemic functional linguistics under this background. systemic functional linguistics emphasizes the social nature of language and its users， function and practical application of focusin

19、g on language.hallidays systemic functional linguistics is in anthropological linguisticsresearch, its theory constitute the main source in two aspects: one is the results of malinowski anthropology, the firth of linguistic theories. halliday avoided the malinowski and firth from a linguistic point

20、of view on some defects，put forward the systemic functional linguistics a complete theoretical model，and accurate definition of the one of a series of terms and relations, a detailed expression of the systemic grammar and functional grammar focuses on theory and his view of language.this paper is ma

21、inly based on the ideational function，from two different periods of the film characters dialogue to analyze. one is gumps youth period, the other is gumps adulthood period. first from the six process analysis of the dialogue in his youth. and further analyze the characters of laage process of the ch

22、aracters in the conversation. through the analysis of the language process，it can further analyze the different characters of the film forrest gump. followed by the analysis of the proportion of the six process. through the comparison and change of the proportion， it can reflect the social backgroun

23、d and the different social class of the characters . in addition，we itcan also show the growth and change of characters，it can further understand the creation background and creative ideasof the filmland the theme and the american culture of the film.2 literature reviewaccording to halliday, there a

24、re three metafunctions of language: ideational function，interpersonal function and textual function (halliday 98). in all these three functions.in all these three functions,the ideational function refers to using the speech to express the experience of people in the real world and the inner world，it

25、 can be reflected through the corresponding semantic system: transitivity system.transitivity system can reproduct all kinds of social experience and psychological process of people through the process，participants，and environmental factors of the choice，and make the actions，saw and heard of people

26、.it includes six processesmaterial process，mental process, relational process, behavioral process, verbal and existential processes. observing the use of these six kinds of process in the dialogue of the person in the discourse，can analyze the persons emotion，attitude and experience. using the conce

27、pt of the process in the analysis of dialogue in the film can make us better understand the theme of the film and the humanistic spirit of the film.what is the "process”？ according to hallidys point of view, we can understand the most impressive things that are happening, developing，being and c

28、hanging.the development and perfection of humarfs mental consciousness is a process.the feeling and reflection of the external world is also a process of psychological consciousness.therefore，the language should be a process to describe the internal and external experience of the internal and extern

29、al experience.hallidy in the "process” for a brief description of the basic principle and the classification process went straight to his care，topic sentences contain the. he mentioned : a process consists in principle of three components (l)the process itself (2) participants in the process (3

30、)circumstances associated with the process.(halliday 1994 :107). when explaining the concept of language，hallidys greatest contribution is to make a detailed classification and description of the process. he pointed out that there are six processes in the objective material world.to find out what th

31、e "process" means in the system function, we need to look at hallidys view of language and many of his vides a semiotic theory of hallidy, he also has an important influence on the adoption of the latter system thought and the process concept. ye m james lev made a distinct

32、ion between the system and the process, he believes that in any one process, namely the use of the actual language behind, there is a language system. no process，the system still exist. but without the system there is no process. in his view, the process is the concrete realization of the system.(zh

33、uyongsheng，2004 :25). but how is the process reflected in the language? in the early,linguistic anthropologists noticed the close relationship between the language and human that: hthe language is the one of most important symbol to distinguish humans from the animals " human nature nis” langua

34、ge the so-called” the world "is the world” sign language (hejunfang 2005:3) in their view, it is necessary to study the language of human society，the language is reflected in the human society. all the grammatical rules contained in the language can be found in the social activities of human be

35、ings.hstudy of any language must combine with social culture of the language and the social life environment of language n “the main function of language is not to express thoughts, it is not to reproduce the psychological process，but to play a dynamic role in human activities.”(alessandro 2002:216)

36、.austin has put forward the theory of speech act. his point of view is “ language is not just used to describe particular states of affairs.(e.g. the snow is white)，but to do things that is to perform some actions (alessandro duranti 2002:219) we can assume that austin is also exploring a process, h

37、e is exploring the process of a language in the exchange between people. this kind of communication is not to stay in the expression，but with the behavior of people together，is to act as the beginning of the purpose，with the result of behavior. but austins theory of speech acts have no distinction b

38、etween the behavior or process which is between person and person and which is the behavior or process between the human and the objective material world. hallidy did it at this point，and it was very scientific and reasonable.3 the meaning and content of the ideational functionsystemic functional li

39、nguists believe that when human language, after the transition period into the adult stage of language，gradually reflect highly abstract language functions: ideational function，interpersonal function and textual function. these three kinds of abstract pure physical function can be reflected by the m

40、ore specific semantic systems : transitivity system，mood system，modality system and thematic system, information system and cohesion. in addition, the ideational function also includes the logical function: the expression of logical relations between two or more than two units of meaning. therefore，

41、this paper mainly has two aspects on the analysis: the physical and logical functions.3.1 the six process of transitivity systemthe role of transitivity is the people experienced in the real world, actions into some kind of “process”，(huzhuanglin, zhuyongsheng，zhangdelu) in an introduction to functi

42、onal grammar, (2005) so described: transitivity is “ to account for various process and relevant participants and environmental components to reflect the ideational function of language.” through grammar to the human experience of the category, and the various processes related to the participants”

43、and ”environmental components11. in the systemic functional grammar，hallidy divides human experience into six different processes.the material process is a process of doing. the process itself consists of dynamic verbs such as build, kill etc. the participants are actor and goal. the former is the l

44、ogical subjects of process, the latter is the direct object of logic. the material process example is as follows:the boy hitthe girl.actorprocessgoalmental process is the process of “feeling”，“reaction” and “cognition” and so on. halliday described in the psychological process characteristics，pointe

45、d out that (1) psychological process where clause there is always a feeling, thinking，and perception of the subject, the subject is not the person，can also be personified，expressed in the perceiver，(2) by the perception of objects is not a matter of the specific，also can be abstract a fact is，the “p

46、henomenon”. examples are as follows:ilike the girl over theresenser process phenomenon circumstantialrelationship process is the process of reflecting the relationship between things. what it says is a certain relationship established between two different entities.the relationship process can be di

47、vided into two categories: attributive and identifying. the former emphasizes entity attributes, the participants for “carrier” and “attribute”， wherein the carrier is the undertaker of attributes: the latter focuses on identity recognition，participants to “token” and “value”，which token is shape，sy

48、mbol，form and name，value is the substance and significance，the function and status.examples are as follows:lucyhasa bike. (attributive)carrier process attributethe bike islucys (identifying)token process valuebehavioral process refers to the physiological processes such as breathing, coughing, dream

49、ing and so on. commonly used verbs have the meaning. in general, there is only one participant in the course of action: “the actor”，and the actor is generally a person, example is as follow:shecriedsadly.actorprocesscircumstantialverbal process is a process of saying. the participants are speaker，re

50、ceiver and verbiage. however，speaker is not necessarily a person，the content of the speech can be a message，it can also be the way the speaker make the receiver do something. example is as follow:her father told her stories every night.sayerprocess receiver verbiage circumstantialexistential process

51、 is a process of existing. each process must have an existent. commonly used verbs are called “existential verbs，including “be” and other meaningful verbs, such as exist，come, etc. commonly sentence pattern is there + existential verbs + existing matter. for an example:there are some women over ther

52、eprocess existentcircumstantialeach of these processes represents a relationship between the individuals and between the human and the world. in turn, it uses certain processes to express specific human activities. eggins suzanne (2004) also pointed out that transitivity is to explain how the field

53、of the situation is being construed. it is not difficult to see that the effect of transitivity analysis on the communication process: it makes us have a better understanding of the situation factors and has a deeper understanding of the scene conversion.3.2 logical functionas eggins suzanne (2004)

54、pointed out that in the conversation people tend to be speak in two or more than two small sentences according to a certain sequence. the small sentences and the sentences are not isolated，but form a small sentence complex by the connection words in the language. next，this paper will have an analysi

55、s of the dialogues in forrest gump，trying to find some logical function of film dialogues.4 the six processes in transitivity system in gumps youth periods.the film is the art of life. the dialogue is an important means to establish the social relations and describe their own lives in the world. lik

56、e our daily communication，the film has a strong dependence on situation context. with the change of the scene, the language changes，even in the same scene，the use of the language is limited by the changing context. it is precisely because of this feature, that is needed to pay special attention to t

57、he selection of film and television and try to avoid the scene of frequent changes，select the same scene under a longer dialogue for analysis.this paper will select different scenes under different periods of the main characters dialogue in forrest gump to analyze. in order to facilitate the analysi

58、s of transitivity, all the semantic process to be numbered.because the film shows the character's life experience，so it has a great leap forward，so the writer only excerpts the featured part to analyze.4.1 the dialogue among the characters in the six processesin the movie，gump is a mentally reta

59、rded child. before he has not experienced all kinds of hardship and the war，the language he uses is extremely simple. it can reflect gumps character through the analysis of gumps discourse on the part of the physical system.gunp and jennys first encounter is on the school bus. because of gunpsintelligence is limited, and his body also has def