1、不定式屬于非限定動(dòng)詞。它除了不能做不定式屬于非限定動(dòng)詞。它除了不能做謂語外，在句中可以充當(dāng)任何成分，可謂語外，在句中可以充當(dāng)任何成分，可以作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語和以作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語和狀語。狀語。1. 作主語作主語: 往往放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后往往放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后, 用用it作形式主作形式主語語, 為了避免句子頭重腳輕。為了避免句子頭重腳輕。 e.g. to see is to believe. it is right to give up smoking. 2. 作賓語作賓語: 作賓語時(shí)如果還帶有作賓語時(shí)如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語, 往往往把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語之后往把不定式放

2、在補(bǔ)足語之后,而而用用it作作形式賓語形式賓語。 e.g. he wanted to go. i find it interesting to study english. 3. 做賓語補(bǔ)足語做賓語補(bǔ)足語 e.g. he asked me to do the work with him. 在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中詞后的補(bǔ)足語中, 不定式不帶不定式不帶to。 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語省略不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語省略to的情況有的情況有下列口訣下列口訣: 一感二

3、聽三讓五看半幫助一感二聽三讓五看半幫助。 但是這些句子如果變成但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)時(shí), 就就必須帶上必須帶上to。 e.g. i often hear him sing the song. he is often heard to sing the song. 4. 作定語作定語e.g. i have some books for you to read. 當(dāng)作定語的當(dāng)作定語的不定式不定式如果是如果是不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞, 或者或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn), 工具工具等時(shí)等時(shí), 不定式后不定式后面必須有相應(yīng)的介詞面必

4、須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 e.g. he is looking for a room to live in.當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 不定式即不定式即可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài), 也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但含義有所不同。但含義有所不同。試比較試比較:have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要你有什么東西要(自己自己)寄嗎寄嗎?have you anything to be sent?你有什么東西要你有什么東西要(我或別人我或別人)寄嗎寄嗎?5. 作狀語作狀語, 表示目的表示目

5、的, 原因原因, 結(jié)果或條件結(jié)果或條件。 e.g. i came here to see you. we were very excited to find nobody there. he hurried to the school to find nobody there. to look at him, you would like him.目的目的原因原因結(jié)果結(jié)果條件條件6. 作表語作表語 e.g. my job is to help the patient. 主主, 表都是不定式表都是不定式, 前者為條件前者為條件, 后者后者為目的或結(jié)果為目的或結(jié)果。 e.g. to learn a

6、 language is to use it. 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)有：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)有：一般式、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完一般式、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式成式和完成進(jìn)行式。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式就語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式就要用被動(dòng)形式。要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1. 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與所表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語的動(dòng)作謂語的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài)狀態(tài))同時(shí)同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)發(fā)生生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生。或是在它之后發(fā)生。 主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：e.g. im glad to meet you. 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：e.g. there w

7、as nothing to be done.2. 如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)這時(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e.g. i am very glad to be working with you. 3. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前前, 就要用完成時(shí)就要用完成時(shí)。 主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：e.g. im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：e.g. the room was said to have been cleaned.從從a、b、

8、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. there were many talented actors out there just waiting _. a. to discover b. to be discovered c. discovered d. being discovered2. i have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. a. completing b. to complete c. completed d. being completed3. his

9、first book _ next month is based on a true story. a. published b. to be published c. to publish d. being published 4. with the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. a. deal b. dealt c. to deal d. dealing5. i like getting up very early in summer. the morning ai

10、r is so good _. a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathedput the verbs in brackets into thecorrect infinitive forms. it is frightening _ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. i hope i reach home soon. 2. experts hope _ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorms. to walk to learn

11、 3. id like _ (tell) about the situation before now.4. the work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week.5. my father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. he was very glad _ (miss) it. to be told to be completedto have missed 6. the building has _ (finish) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see)

12、 a real sandstorm was very frightening. to be finished to see but后不定式的情況：后不定式的情況：cannot help but，cannot but，cannot choose but后的不定式通常不帶后的不定式通常不帶to，常譯，常譯為為“不得不不得不”。如。如: she is a strange girl, yet you cant help but like her. when the streets are full of melting snow, you cant but get your shoes wet.we

13、cant choose but admit that in some ways they are ahead of us. 當(dāng)當(dāng)but前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其后的不定式時(shí)，其后的不定式通常不帶通常不帶to，如，如: their car broke down on the way. there was nothing to do but wait for help. now we can do nothing but try this method.除上述情況外，除上述情況外，用于用于but之后的不定之后的不定式通常都要帶式通常都要帶to ，如：，如： stuck in the hea

14、vy traffic, we had no choice but to wait.1. sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. a. admit b. admitted c. admitting d. to admit 2. - how did you spend your weekend, jone? - i didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother. a. but did b. but do c.

15、but doing d. but to do 3. the students did nothing except _ all day long. a. played b. playing c. play d. to play1. i cant help but (think/ to think) that it was a mistake. 2. i cant (chose /choose) but do it. 3. he does nothing but (complaining/ complain). 4. i cant help but (to love /love) her. 5.

16、 the workers do (nothing /not) but drink tea and talk to each other. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1. 我們只能嘗試這種方法。我們只能嘗試這種方法。 we _ this method.2. 我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。 we _ the reality. 3. 這個(gè)女孩別無選擇只能等她媽媽回來。這個(gè)女孩別無選擇只能等她媽媽回來。 the girl had _ till her mother came back.can do nothing but try cant but face no cho

17、ice but to wait用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. im sorry i cant attend your wedding, for i have an important meeting _ (attend).2. the workers were made _ (work) over fourteen hours a day.3. your suit is a bit small on you. you seem _ (put on) weight.to attendto workto put on4. tom did nothing except _ (wait) before his parents came home.5. whats the matter with tom? oh, his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ (find) again.6. she reached the top of the