JohnDonne 1572 1631 JohnDonne theleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool HisLife JohnDonnewasborntoaprosperousLondonin1572 Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung andhewasraisedbyhismother Elizabeth Donne sfirstliterarywork satireswaswrittenduringthisperiod ThiswasfollowedbySongsandSonnets Thenin1617AnneDonnediedingivingbirthtothecouple s12thchild HerdeathaffectedDonnegreatly thoughhecontinuedtowrite notablyHolySonnets 1618 InhisfinalyearsDonne spoemsreflectanobsessionwithhisowndeath whichcameonMarch31 1631 JohnDonneisrememberedforthewitandpoignancyofhispoetry Donne spoemscanbedividedintotwocategories theyouthfullovelyricsandthelatersacredverses TheyouthfullovelyricswerepublishedafterhisdeathasSongsandSonnetsin1633 Hisearlypoemswerelovesongs elegies andversesatires Donne slatersacredverses publishedin1624asDevotionsuponEmergentOccasionswhichshowtheintenseinterestDonnetookinthespectacleofmoralityundertheshadowofdeath avisionthathauntedhimperpetually andinspiredthehighestflightsofhiseloquence MetaphysicalPoetry Thetermappliestoagroupof17th centuryEnglishpoetswhousedcertaincommontechniquesandemployedafewcommonthemes RevoltagainstElizabethanlovepoetryandthetradition Psychologicalanalysisofemotionsofloveandreligion Penchantfornovelandevenshockingcomparisons Metaphysicalconceit extendedmetaphor Metaphysicalwit comparisonofapparentlyquitedissimilarobjectsofconceptsandthediscoverythattheyareafterallsimilar Roughnessofmeterandirregularrhyme MetaphysicalSchool ThoughtherewasnoorganizedgroupofpoetswhoimitatedDonne theinfluenceofhispoeticstylewaswidelyfeltonGeorgeHerbert RichardCrashow HenryVaughan andA Cowley TheywerenamedasthemetaphysicalschoolofpoetsbyJohnDrydenandDr Johnson notwithoutaderogatoryconnotation SamuelJohnsoncoinedtheterm metaphysicalpoets todescribeDonneandhispoeticdescendantswhenhewroteofAbrahamCowleyintheLivesoftheEnglishPoetsthatthemetaphysicalpoetsweremenoflearning andtoshowlearningwastheirwholeendeavor Features Thedictionissimple andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet sbeloved withgod orwithhimself Conceit 奇喻 Orfar fetchedcomparisons Acomparisonbecomesaconceitwhenwearemadetoconcedelikenesswhilebeingstronglyconsciousofunlikeness TheElizabethanpoetswerefondofPetrarchanconceits whichwereconventionalcomparisons imitatedfromthelovesongsofPetrarch inwhichthebelovedwascomparedtoaflower agarden orthelike Themetaphysicalpoetsfashionedconceitsthatwerewitty complex intellectual andoftenstartling SamuelJohnsondisapprovedofsuchstrainedmetaphors declaringthatintheconceit themostheterogeneousideasareyokedbyviolencetogether Deathbenotproud Death benotproud thoughsomehavecalledtheeMightyanddreadful forthouarenotso Forthosewhomyouthink stthoudostoverthrowDienot poorDeath noryetcanstthoukillme Fromrestandsleep whichbutthypicturesbe Muchpleasure thenfromtheemuchmoremustflow Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedogo Restoftheirbones andsoul sdelivery Thou rtslavetoFate chance kings anddesperatemen Anddostwithpoision war andsicknessdwell Andpoppy orcharmscanmakeussleepaswell Andbetterthanthystroke whyswell stthouthen Oneshortsleeppast wewakeeternally AndDeathshallbenomore Death thoushaltdie abbaabbacddcee 死神 你莫驕傲 死神 你莫驕傲 盡管有人說你如何強大 如何可怕 你并不是這樣 你以為你把誰誰誰打倒了 其實 可憐的死神 他們沒死 你現在也還殺不死我 休息 睡眠 這些不過是你的寫照 既能給人享受 那你本人提供的一定更多 我們最美好的人隨你去得越早 越能早日獲得身體的休息 靈魂的解脫 你是命運 機會 君主 亡命徒的奴隸 你和毒藥 戰爭 疾病同住在一起 罌粟和咒符和你的打擊相比 同樣 甚至更能催我入睡 那你何必趾高氣揚呢 睡了一小覺之后 我們便永遠覺醒了 再也不會有死亡 你死神也將死去 Argueagainstthecommonbeliefindeath mightyanddreadfulThepoetgivesDeathahumancharacteristictoscornDeath sfalsepride Hepointsoutthat althoughmostpeopleareterrifiedofDeath thereisnoreasonatallforthisfear FirstQuatrain SecondQuatrain Reason Deathismerelyapictureofeternalrestandsleep Justasrestandsleepbringmuchhappiness soDeathwillbringmuchmorehappinessbecausehebringseternalrest Eventhebestpeoplewilleventuallydie andthentheirboneswillbeatrestwhiletheirsoulsexperienceeternalhappiness ThirdQuatrain ThepoetcomparesDeathtoaslave Deathisaservanttofate chance accidentaldisasters kingsanddesperatemen SoDeathhasnooptionbuttoarriveandtakethatpersonintohisarms Deathisalsotheslavetopoison warandsickness AllofthesecausepeopletodiewithoutseekingDeath spermission Andyet drugsandmagicalsomakepeoplesleep ofteninamoreenrichingwaythanthatwhichDeathpromises RhymingCouplet Oneshortsleeppast wewakeeternally AndDeathshallbenomore Death thoushaltdieIronyParadox Deathitselfwilldie Thepoetpointsoutthereligiousbelief assoonastheshortsleepofdeathisover theperson ssoulwillawakeintoeternallife Oncethathappens therecanbenofurtherneedforDeath Deathitselfwillceasetoexist structure Firstpart argumatation line1 2 Secondpart supports line3 12 Thirdpart con