ICS65.060.10

CCST60

T/NJ1318—2024/T/CAAMM3XX—2024

電動拖拉機術語

Electrictractors—Terminology

（公示稿）

2024-XX-XX發布2024-XX-XX實施

中國農業機械學會

發布

中國農業機械工業協會

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

電動拖拉機術語

1范圍

本文件界定了電動拖拉機相關的術語及定義。

本文件適用于電動拖拉機整機、驅動電機系統。

2規范性引用文件

下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB/T2900.41電工術語原電池和蓄電池

GB/T6960.1拖拉機術語第1部分：整機

GB/T19596電動汽車術語

GB/T24548燃料電池電動汽車術語

3術語和定義

GB/T2900.41、GB/T6960.1、GB/T19596和GB/T24548界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1整機

3.1.1

電動拖拉機electricdrivetractor

行走系由電機參與驅動的拖拉機。

3.1.1.1

純電動拖拉機pureelectricdrivetractor

作業動力均來源于機載能量儲存裝置（電能）或電網的電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.2

混合動力電動拖拉機hybridelectricdrivetractor

能夠至少從可消耗的燃料和可再充電能量儲存裝置兩類機載儲存的能量中獲得動力的電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.2.1

串聯式混合動力電動拖拉機serieshybridelectricdrivetractor

拖拉機的驅動力僅來源于電機的混合動力電動拖拉機，不同類型機載能量之間采用電耦合的方式

混合，動力源滿足拖拉機滿負荷作業。

3.1.1.2.2

并聯式混合動力電動拖拉機parallelhybridelectricdrivetractor

拖拉機的驅動力由電機及發動機同時或單獨供給的混合動力電動拖拉機，不同類型機載能量之間

采用機械耦合的方式混合。

3.1.1.2.3

混聯式混合動力電動拖拉機combinedhybridelectricdrivetractor

1

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

同時具有串聯式和并聯式驅動方式的混合動力電動拖拉機，不同類型機載能量混合模式可以在電

耦合與機械耦合之間切換。

3.1.1.2.4

可外接充電式混合動力電動拖拉機externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor

正常使用情況下可從非機載裝置中獲取電能量的混合動力電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.2.5

不可外接充電式混合動力電動拖拉機non-externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor

正常使用情況下從機載燃料中獲取全部能量的混合動力電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.2.6

有手動選擇功能的混合動力電動拖拉機hybridelectricdrivetractorwithselectiveswitch

具備手動選擇作業模式功能的混合動力電動拖拉機。拖拉機可選擇的作業模式包括純電動模式、熱

機模式、混合動力模式以及動力輸出混合模式。

3.1.1.2.7

無手動選擇功能的混合動力電動拖拉機hybridelectricdrivetractorwithoutselectiveswitch

不具備手動選擇作業模式功能的混合動力電動拖拉機，作業模式可根據不同工況自動切換。

3.1.1.2.8

增程式電動拖拉機rangeextendedelectrictractor

一種在純電動模式下可以達到其所有的動力性能，而當機載可充電儲能系統無法滿足作業要求時，

打開機載輔助供電裝置為驅動電機提供電能，以延長作業時間或增加作業面積的電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.3

燃料電池電動拖拉機fuelcellelectrictractor

以燃料電池系統作為單一動力源或者是以燃料電池系統與可充電儲能系統作為混合動力源的電動

拖拉機。

3.1.1.3.1

燃料電池混合動力電動拖拉機fuelcellhybridelectrictractor

以燃料電池系統與可充電儲能系統作為混合動力源的電動拖拉機。

3.1.1.3.2

純燃料電池電動拖拉機purefuelcelltractor

以燃料電池系統作為單一動力源的電動拖拉機。

3.1.2結構、部件

3.1.2.1驅動、行駛裝置

3.1.2.1.1

動力單元powerunit

將機載能源轉化為機械功率的裝置，包括內燃機、行走電機系統、PTO電機系統、提升電機系統。

3.1.2.1.2

電驅動系統electricdrivesystem

拖拉機啟動后，能夠依據駕駛員的操作指令，給拖拉機各作業輸出端提供驅動力的系統，由機載能

源系統、動力單元和傳動系統組成。

3.1.2.1.3

前后方向控制器drivedirectioncontrol

通過駕駛員操作，用來選擇拖拉機前進或后退的專用裝置。

3.1.2.1.4

2

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

整機控制器tractorcontrolunit

動力總成控制器，采集駕駛員操作信號及其他部件信號，并做出相應判斷后，控制下層的各部件控

制器的動作，可實現整機驅動、制動、能量回饋。

3.1.2.1.5

制動能量回饋系統regenerativebrakingsystem

拖拉機滑行、減速、下坡、PTO減速、提升裝置下降時，將拖拉機作業過程中的動能/勢能轉化或

部分轉化為機載可充電儲能系統的能量存儲起來的系統。

3.1.2.2電氣裝置及部件

3.1.2.2.1

機載能源系統on-boardenergysystem

變換器和儲能裝置的組合。

3.1.2.2.2

儲能裝置energystorage

安裝在拖拉機上儲存電能的裝置，包括各種動力蓄電池、超級電容和飛輪電池等或其組合。

3.1.2.2.3

動力電輸出口powerelectricaloutputport

給拖拉機及其以外的高壓用電器提供高壓電的輸出口。

3.1.2.2.4

控制電輸出口controlelectricaloutputport

給拖拉機及其以外的控制器提供低壓電輸出口。

3.1.3性能

3.1.3.1作業性能

3.1.3.1.1

放電能量dischargedenergy

電動拖拉機作業中，由儲能裝置釋放的電能，單位為kW·h。

3.1.3.1.2

回饋制動regenerationbraking

電動拖拉機滑行、減速、下坡、PTO減速、提升裝置下降時，將拖拉機作業過程中的動能/勢能轉

化或部分轉化為機載可充電儲能系統的能量存儲起來的制動過程。

3.1.3.1.3

回饋能量regeneratedenergy

電動拖拉機回饋制動回收的電能，單位為kW·h。

3.1.3.1.4

連續作業時間continuousoperationtime

單次充電循環內純電動拖拉機帶負荷持續工作時，電源系統荷電狀態從滿電下降到欠電保護的最

長工作時間。

3.1.3.1.5

加速時間accelerationtime

電動拖拉機原地起步至最高速度時所經歷的時間。

3.1.3.1.6

電力輸出功率electricoutputpower

3

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

電動拖拉機可輸出用于驅動電動農機具的電功率。

3.1.3.2經濟性能

3.1.3.2.1

凈能量改變量netenergychange

儲能裝置能量的凈改變量。

注:單位為千瓦時（kW·h）。

3.1.3.2.2

驅動能量driveenergy

通過消耗的燃料和/或儲能裝置而獲得的用于驅動拖拉機完成作業的能量。如果能量僅供給拖拉機

附件（如傳統拖拉機中12V/24V的輔助蓄電池），則不應看作驅動能量。

3.1.3.2.3

總燃料能量totalfuelenergy

基于燃料低熱值進行計算出的燃料能量總和，單位為kW·h。

3.1.3.2.4

總燃料驅動能量totalfuelpropulsionenergy

燃料能量轉化成用于驅動拖拉機作業的機械能量，單位為kW·h。

3.1.3.2.5

能量利用率energyutilization

拖拉機消耗燃料/電能作業時的系統總效率。

3.1.3.2.6

作業能耗operatingenergyconsumption

拖拉機用于作業消耗的能量。

3.2驅動電機系統

3.2.1電機及控制器

3.2.1.1

驅動電機tractionmotor

驅動電機包括行走電機、PTO電機和提升電機。

3.2.1.2

行走電機drivemotor

為電動拖拉機行走和牽引作業提供動力的電機。

3.2.1.3

PTO電機PTOmotor

為電動拖拉機PTO提供動力的電機。

3.2.1.4

提升電機electricliftingmotor

為電動拖拉機提升系統提供動力的電機。

3.2.1.5

輔助電機auxiliarymotor

行走電機、PTO電機和提升電機以外的電機。

注：轉向電機為輔助電機的一種。

3.2.1.6

4

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

行走電機系統divemotorsystem

行走電機、行走電機控制器及其工作必需的輔助裝置的組合，驅動拖拉機行走和牽引作業。

3.2.1.7

PTO電機系統PTOmotorsystem

PTO電機、PTO電機控制器及其工作必需的輔助裝置的組合，驅動拖拉機動力輸出軸。

3.2.1.7

提升電機系統electricliftingcylindersystem

提升電機、提升電機控制器及其工作必需的輔助裝置的組合，驅動拖拉機提升系統。

3.2.2性能參數

3.2.2.1

持續功率ratedpower

規定的最大、長期工作的功率（持續2小時）。

3.2.2.2

行走電機效率motorefficiency

行走電機輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。

3.2.2.3

PTO電機效率PTOmotorefficiency

PTO電機輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。

3.2.2.4

提升電機效率electricliftingcylinderefficiency

提升電機輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。

3.2.2.5

電機回饋效率generatorefficiency

驅動電機處于發電模式時，輸出電功率與輸入機械功率的百分比。

3.2.2.6

控制器效率controllerefficiency

控制器輸出電功率與輸入電功率的百分比。

3.2.2.7

行走電機系統效率drivemotorsystemefficiency

行走電機系統的輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。輸入電功率包含為確保行走電機系統正常運行

的其他器件電功率。

3.2.2.8

PTO電機系統效率PTOmotorsystemefficiency

PTO電機系統的輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。輸入電功率包含為確保PTO電機系統正常運行

的其他器件電功率。

3.2.2.9

5

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

提升電機系統效率liftmotorsystemefficiency

提升電機系統的輸出功率與輸入電功率的百分比。輸入電功率包含為確保提升電機系統正常運行

的其他器件電功率。

6

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

索引

漢語拼音索引

B

并聯式混合動力電動拖拉機················································································3.1.1.2.2

不可外接充電式混合動力電動拖拉機····································································3.1.1.2.5

C

持續功率···········································································································3.2.2.1

儲能裝置········································································································3.1.2.2.2

串聯式混合動力電動拖拉機················································································3.1.1.2.1

純電動拖拉機·····································································································3.1.1.1

純燃料電池電動拖拉機······················································································3.1.1.3.2

D

電動拖拉機···········································································································3.1.1

電機回饋效率·····································································································3.2.2.5

電力輸出功率··································································································3.1.3.1.6

電驅動系統·····································································································3.1.2.1.2

動力單元········································································································3.1.2.1.1

動力電輸出口··································································································3.1.2.2.3

F

放電能量········································································································3.1.3.1.1

輔助電機···········································································································3.2.1.5

H

回饋能量········································································································3.1.3.1.3

回饋制動········································································································3.1.3.1.2

混合動力電動拖拉機····························································································3.1.1.2

混聯式混合動力電動拖拉機················································································3.1.1.2.3

J

機載能源系統··································································································3.1.2.2.1

7

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

加速時間········································································································3.1.3.1.5

凈能量改變量··································································································3.1.3.2.1

K

可外接充電式混合動力電動拖拉機·······································································3.1.1.2.4

控制電輸出口··································································································3.1.2.2.4

控制器效率········································································································3.2.2.6

L

連續作業時間··································································································3.1.3.1.4

N

能量利用率·····································································································3.1.3.2.5

P

PTO電機···········································································································3.2.1.3

PTO電機系統·····································································································3.2.1.7

PTO電機系統效率·······························································································3.2.2.8

PTO電機效率·····································································································3.2.2.3

Q

前后方向控制器·······························································································3.1.2.1.3

驅動電機···········································································································3.2.1.1

驅動能量········································································································3.1.3.2.2

R

燃料電池電動拖拉機····························································································3.1.1.3

燃料電池混合動力電動拖拉機·············································································3.1.1.3.1

T

提升電機···········································································································3.2.1.4

提升電機系統·····································································································3.2.1.8

提升電機效率·····································································································3.2.2.4

提升電機系統效率·······························································································3.2.2.9

W

8

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

無手動選擇功能的混合動力電動拖拉機·································································3.1.1.2.7

X

行走電機···········································································································3.2.1.2

行走電機系統·····································································································3.2.1.6

行走電機系統效率·······························································································3.2.2.7

行走電機效率·····································································································3.2.2.2

Y

有手動選擇功能的混合動力電動拖拉機·································································3.1.1.2.6

Z

增程式電動拖拉機····························································································3.1.1.2.8

整機控制器·····································································································3.1.2.1.4

制動能量回饋系統····························································································3.1.2.1.5

總燃料能量·····································································································3.1.3.2.3

總燃料驅動能量·······························································································3.1.3.2.4

作業能耗········································································································3.1.3.2.6

9

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

英文對應詞索引

A

accelerationtime·································································································3.1.3.1.5

auxiliarymotor·····································································································3.2.1.5

C

combinedhybridelectricdrivetractor······································································3.1.1.2.3

continuousoperationtime·····················································································3.1.3.1.4

controllerefficiency·······························································································3.2.2.6

controlelectricaloutputport··················································································3.1.2.2.4

D

dischargedenergy································································································3.1.3.1.1

drivedirectioncontrol··························································································3.1.2.1.3

driveenergy·······································································································3.1.3.2.2

drivemotor··········································································································3.2.1.2

divemotorsystem··································································································3.2.1.6

drivemotorsystemefficiency···················································································3.2.2.7

E

electricdrivesystem·····························································································3.1.2.1.2

electricdrivetractor·································································································3.1.1

electricliftingcylinderefficiency···············································································3.2.2.4

electricliftingcylindersystem···················································································3.2.1.8

electricliftingmotor·······························································································3.2.1.4

electricoutputpower····························································································3.1.3.1.6

energystorage····································································································3.1.2.2.2

energyutilization·································································································3.1.3.2.5

externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor······························································3.1.1.2.4

F

fuelcellelectrictractor···························································································3.1.1.3

fuelcellhybridelectrictractor················································································3.1.1.3.1

G

generatorefficiency································································································3.2.2.5

10

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

H

hybridelectricdrivetractor·····················································································3.1.1.2

hybridelectricdrivetractorwithselectiveswitch························································3.1.1.2.6

hybridelectricdrivetractorwithoutselectiveswitch····················································3.1.1.2.7

L

liftmotorsystemefficiency······················································································3.2.2.9

M

motorefficiency····································································································3.2.2.2

N

netenergychange································································································3.1.3.2.1

Non-externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor·······················································3.1.1.2.5

O

on-boardenergysystem························································································3.1.2.2.1

operatingenergyconsumption················································································3.1.3.2.6

P

parallelhybridelectricdrivetractor········································································3.1.1.2.2

powerelectricaloutputport···················································································3.1.2.2.3

powerunit·········································································································3.1.2.1.1

PTOmotorefficiency·····························································································3.2.2.3

PTOmotorsystemef