ICS07.060CCSA4712天津市地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DB12/T1051—2021地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)均一化處理技術(shù)規(guī)程Codeofpracticeforhomogenizationprocessingtechniquesofsurfacewindspeedobservationdata天津市市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)發(fā)布DB12/T1051—2021前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起草。本文件由天津市氣象局提出并歸口。本文件起草單位：天津市氣象信息中心。本文件主要起草人：司鵬、吳安軍、石玉恒、孟輝、王敏、姜罕盛、羅傳軍。IDB12/T1051—2021地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)均一化處理技術(shù)規(guī)程12范圍本文件規(guī)定了天津地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)均一化處理技術(shù)的內(nèi)容和方法，以及質(zhì)量評(píng)估。本文件適用于對(duì)天津地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理分析。規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。QX/T37-2020氣象臺(tái)站歷史沿革數(shù)據(jù)文件格式QX/T118-2020氣象觀測(cè)資料質(zhì)量控制地面3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。自由大氣中水平氣壓梯度力和地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力相平衡時(shí)空氣的水平運(yùn)動(dòng)速度，單位為米每秒（m/s）。時(shí)間序列timeseries在連續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)記錄下來(lái)的有序觀測(cè)或統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。被進(jìn)行均一化檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間序列。2DB12/T1051—2021通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法計(jì)算得到的代替斷點(diǎn)以前時(shí)間序列的數(shù)據(jù)。3.9趨勢(shì)幅度trendamplitude時(shí)間序列一元線性回歸模型中求解的斜率，單位為米每秒每年（m/s/yr）。4內(nèi)容和方法內(nèi)容4.1地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)均一化處理技術(shù)應(yīng)包括元數(shù)據(jù)收集、原始資料預(yù)處理、參考序列建立、檢驗(yàn)序列形成、斷點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)、序列訂正。4.2技術(shù)方法4.2.1元數(shù)據(jù)收集收集觀測(cè)臺(tái)站元數(shù)據(jù)信息，宜包括臺(tái)站位置、觀測(cè)要素、其他變動(dòng)事項(xiàng)、臺(tái)站周邊環(huán)境。應(yīng)按照QX/T37-2020第6章的要求。4.2.2原始資料預(yù)處理對(duì)原始觀測(cè)的地面風(fēng)速數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤誤差分析，剔除數(shù)據(jù)采集、傳輸、記錄、存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程中因儀器故障、人為因素等造成的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)。應(yīng)按照QX/T118-2020第3章的要求。選取3～5個(gè)鄰近站點(diǎn)的時(shí)間序列，建立待檢序列的參考序列，作為均一化檢驗(yàn)和訂正的依據(jù)，1∑=1(√1∑=1(?????)2√1∑=1(????)2?????)(????)=式中：式中：依據(jù)時(shí)間序列長(zhǎng)度及臺(tái)站位置，選取與待檢序列相關(guān)系數(shù)最大的3個(gè)鄰近站點(diǎn)時(shí)間序列來(lái)建立參考序列，其平均風(fēng)速的序列長(zhǎng)度與待檢序列一致，3個(gè)鄰近站點(diǎn)時(shí)間序列所在位置盡可能以待檢序列為中心處于三角的位置，利用公式（2）建立參考序列。式中：3DB12/T1051—20214.2.3.2選取3個(gè)～5個(gè)鄰近站點(diǎn)的時(shí)間序列，建立待檢序列的參考序列，作為均一化檢驗(yàn)和訂正的依據(jù)，計(jì)算步驟如下：a)對(duì)地面觀測(cè)站網(wǎng)所有臺(tái)站的平均風(fēng)速序列進(jìn)行一階差分處理，得到差分序列（?），見(jiàn)公式（3）；?=+1?,=1,2,3,4……····················································(3)式中：——時(shí)間序列長(zhǎng)度。b)c)d)基于一階差分后的地面觀測(cè)站網(wǎng)，計(jì)算待檢序列的?與鄰近站點(diǎn)時(shí)間序列的?之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)，見(jiàn)公式（1）；選取與待檢序列的?相關(guān)性最好的5個(gè)鄰近站點(diǎn)時(shí)間序列的?建立參考序列，見(jiàn)公式（2）；將差分序列?形式的參考序列反算得到待檢序列的參考序列。4.2.4檢驗(yàn)序列形成檢驗(yàn)序列的形成應(yīng)通過(guò)以下步驟實(shí)現(xiàn)：a)利用比值法構(gòu)造檢驗(yàn)序列，見(jiàn)公式（4）；=??··············································································(4)式中：——待檢序列；?——待檢序列的風(fēng)速累年平均值。=(??)?······································································(5)式中：?——檢驗(yàn)序列的風(fēng)速累年平均值；利用極大似然回歸法對(duì)4.2.3.1和4.2.3.2兩類參考序列構(gòu)造的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化序列進(jìn)行均一化檢驗(yàn)，結(jié)合臺(tái)站元數(shù)據(jù)信息，選取斷點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果“合理”的檢驗(yàn)序列作為待檢序列的參考序列。計(jì)算步驟如下：(,1)；如果序列有一個(gè)不連(2,1),*+1,……,+························································(6)4DB12/T1051—2021式中：——時(shí)間序列的長(zhǎng)度；1——假設(shè)不連續(xù)點(diǎn)前時(shí)間序列的風(fēng)速平均值；2——假設(shè)不連續(xù)點(diǎn)后時(shí)間序列的風(fēng)速平均值。=???1+(?)???··································································(7)(8)2???????1··································=*+=*+(?)+,1≤≤12如果大于選定的顯著性水平，即存在非均一的斷點(diǎn)。注：合理是指斷點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果與元數(shù)據(jù)信息一致性較高。4.2.5.2統(tǒng)計(jì)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)基于4.2.5.1確定的參考序列，利用懲罰最大檢驗(yàn)（）對(duì)檢驗(yàn)序列的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化序列進(jìn)行均一化檢驗(yàn)，根據(jù)臺(tái)站元數(shù)據(jù)記錄的元數(shù)據(jù)信息調(diào)整斷點(diǎn)時(shí)間，保留檢驗(yàn)過(guò)程中有明確臺(tái)站元數(shù)據(jù)支持的顯著斷點(diǎn)。4.2.6序列訂正利用分位數(shù)匹配訂正法（Quantile-Matchingadjustments,QM）對(duì)4.2.5.2確定的顯著斷點(diǎn)進(jìn)行序列訂正。5質(zhì)量評(píng)估5.1對(duì)比分析地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)訂正前、后各個(gè)時(shí)間尺度（日值、月值、年值）的時(shí)間序列的平均值?。?=1∑=1··········································································(9)5.25.3對(duì)比分析地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)訂正前、后各個(gè)時(shí)間尺度（日值、月值、年值）的時(shí)間序列的方差。=1∑=1(??)2·································································(10)對(duì)比分析地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)訂正前、后各個(gè)時(shí)間尺度（日值、月值、年值）的時(shí)間序列的趨勢(shì)幅度。?1(∑=1)(∑=1∑=12?1(∑=1)2)···························································(11)=式中：5.45DB12/T1051—2021對(duì)比分析均一化訂正后的地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與其對(duì)應(yīng)的地轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)速的趨勢(shì)變化特點(diǎn)。利用4.2.3.1建立的待檢序列的氣壓三角（(1)、(2)、(3)）來(lái)計(jì)算地轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)速序列，步驟如下：=√2+2······································································(12)=?1·········································································(13)=1···········································································(14)(1)=(2)=(3)=++++123123+···························································(15)+{=∑3=12·····································································(16)sin3=××cos···································································(17)=×··········································································(18)式中：——角速度；——緯度；——地球半徑；——經(jīng)度。5.5分析均一化訂正后的地面風(fēng)速觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與國(guó)內(nèi)外權(quán)威發(fā)布的同類數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品的誤差。宜利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差（StandardError，SE）和平均絕對(duì)誤差（MeanAbsoluteError，MAE）兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)量。SE=[?11∑=1(?′???′)2]1/2··························································(19)?′=????·······································································