Head頭丁兆習山東大學醫學院人體解剖學教研室Office:1205dingzhaoxi@DissectionofthefaceStep1SkinincisionsStep2TrytocleanandidentifythefacialmusclesDissectionoftheparotideomassetericregionStep3

DissecttheparotidglandIdentifytheparotidglandandtracetheparotidductStep4

Dissectthefacialn.Alongtheborderofparotidgland,searchforandtracethebranchesoffacialn.suchas:Temporal,Zygomatic,Buccal,MarginalmandibularandCervicalbranchesDissectionoftheparotideomassetericregionStep5DissectthestructurespassingthroughtheparotidglandRemovethesuperficialpartofparotidglandandtracethetrunkoffacialn.,retromandibularv.andexternalcarotida.fromsuperficialtodeepDissectionoftheparotideomassetericregionStep6DissecttheFaciala.andv.Traceandcleanthefaciala.toangulara.Trytofindtheaccompanyingfacialv.behindthefaciala.Step7DissecttheterminalbranchesoftrigeminalN.

Searchforsupraorbitaln.,infraorbitaln.,mentaln.andaccompanyingbloodvesselsemergingfromsupraorbital,infraorbitalandmentalforamenrespectivelyDissectionoftheparotideomassetericregionStep8DissectthemasseterCleanthemuscleandtracethenerveandbloodvesselsdeeptosuperiorpart(inmasseterspace)DissectionoftemporalregionStep1RemovetheskinStep2

CleantheSuperficialtemporala.&v.andAuriculotemporaln.Step3CleanandremovethetemporalfasciaTrytofindthemiddletemporala.andv.Trytofindthezygomaticotemporaln.Step4CutandflipdownwardsthezygomaticarchStep5CleanidentifythetemporalisDissectionoftemporalregionStep6Cutthecoronoid

peocessofmandibleandflipupwardthetemporalisTrytofindthedeeptemporala.v.n.(anteriorandposteriorgroup)Trytofindthebuccalbranchofmandibularn.deeptotemporalisDissectionofthecranialcavityStep1RemovethecalcariaStep2DissecttheduramatterStep3Dissecttheanterior4cranialns.andinternalcarotidarteryStep4Dissecttheposterior8cranialns.andvertebrala.Step5RemovethebrainStep6DissectthebloodvesselofbrainStep7DissecttheexternalfeatuersofthebrainStep8DissecttheinternalstructuresofthebrainStep9DissectthebaseofskullStep1Removethecalcaria

Stripthescalponthecalcaria

MarkthesawinglinepassingjustabovethesuperciliaryarchandtheexternaloccipitalprotuberanceSawtheskullStep2DissecttheduramatterIdentifythemiddlemeningealarteryIdentifythesuperiorsagittalsinusandarachnoidgranulationsSagittalincisionsoneachsidesofthesuperiorsagitialsinusTransverseincisionCutthecerebralfalxfromanteriorattachment(crista

galli)Step3Removethetentorumofcerebellum

Raisethetemporalandoccipitallobes,observethetentorumandtentorial

incisure，andtrachlearn.windingthemiddlebrainCuttheattachmentoftentorumtothepetrouspartoftemporalboneandtotheoccipitalboneStep4Dissecttheanterior4cranialns.andinternalcarotidarteryLiftthefrontallobeandidentifytheolfactorybulbsIdentifytheopticn.,opticchiasma,andinternalcarotida.onbothsides.CutthemonthebaseoftheskullFurtherelevatingthebrain,identifyandcuttheinfundibulum

stalkofhypophysisbehindtheopticchiasma.Identifyandcuttheoculomotorn.onbothsidesTrytofindthetrachlearn.andtentorumofcerebellumbehindtheoculomotorn.Step5Dissecttheposterior8cranialns.andvertebrala.Separatethecerebullumfromthe

petrouspartoftemporalbone,identifyandcutthetrigeminaln.attheapex.Identifyandcutabducentn.medioinferiortoV.Identifythefacialn.andvestibocochlearn.enteringtheinternalacousticporeinferiortoV.，Identifytheglossopharyngeal,vagusandaccessoryneverspassingthroughthejugularforamen.Pullthebraintoobservethehypoglassaln.andvertebralartery.attheforamenmagnumStep6RemovethebrainInserttheknifeintotheforamenmagnumasdeepaspossibletocutthemedullaoblongate/spinalcordandvertebralartery

Step7DissectthebloodvesselsofbrainAnteriorcerebrala.Middlecerebrala.Posteriorcommunicatinga.anteriorcommunicatinga.Posteriorinferiorcerebellara.Anteriorinferiorcerebrala.Superiorcerebellara.Posteriorcerebrala.Anteriorspinala.Vertebral

ArteryInternalcarotidarteryBasilararterylaybrinthinea.Willis’circleStep8DissecttheexternalfeaturesofthebrainStep9DissectthebaseofskullIdentifytherootsandpassagesofcranialNs.Identifythesinusesofduramatter

DissectthehypophysisDissectthecavernoussinusandcontents

頭部重要的骨性標志腮腺的位置和毗鄰腮腺管的行程和開口部位。縱行或橫行穿經腮腺的結構各有哪些。額頂枕區的層次及結構特點。額頂枕和顳區的血管神經來源。垂體的位置、毗鄰及臨床意義。海綿竇的位置及穿經結構Youmustidentifyfollowstructures！Masseter

咬肌Temporalis顳肌Faciala.v.面動脈、面靜脈Superficialtemporala.&v.顳淺動、靜脈Transversefaciala.面橫動脈Branchesoftrigeminaln.Supratrochlearn.滑車上神經

Supraorbitalandinfraor