2025年護士執業資格考試題庫（外科護理學專項）外科護理專業英語試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項選擇題要求：從每小題的四個選項中選擇一個最佳答案。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsurgicalpatientsistrue?A.Allsurgicalpatientsareatriskforinfection.B.Postoperativepainisuncommon.C.Hypothermiaisararecomplication.D.Dehydrationisnotaconcernforsurgicalpatients.2.Whichofthefollowingisanindicationforapreoperativechestradiograph?A.Patientswithahistoryofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.B.Allpatientsscheduledforabdominalsurgery.C.Patientswithahistoryofasthma.D.Patientsscheduledforminorelectiveprocedures.3.Thepurposeofthepreoperativeskinpreparationisto:A.Decreasetheriskofpostoperativeinfection.B.Reducetheriskofskinbreakdown.C.Improvepatientcomfort.D.Shortenthelengthofhospitalstay.4.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialriskfactorforwounddehiscence?A.ObesityB.GoodnutritionalstatusC.SmokingD.Adequatepaincontrol5.Whichofthefollowingisacommonpostoperativecomplicationinpatientsundergoingtotalkneearthroplasty?A.PulmonaryembolismB.UrinarytractinfectionC.DeepveinthrombosisD.Pressuresores6.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialcauseofpostoperativeileus?A.InadequatefluidintakeB.ExcessivefluidintakeC.PostoperativenauseaandvomitingD.Useofpainmedication7.Theprimarygoalofpainmanagementinthesurgicalpatientisto:A.EliminateallpainB.ReducepaintoatolerablelevelC.MaskthepainwithmedicationsD.Ignorethepain8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonreasonforapatienttoexperiencenauseaandvomitingaftersurgery?A.AnestheticagentsB.PostoperativeileusC.DehydrationD.Hypoglycemia9.The"5Ps"forearlydetectionofpostoperativecomplicationsinclude:A.Pain,pulse,pulsepressure,perfusion,andpostureB.Pain,pulse,pulsepressure,perfusion,andpositioningC.Pain,pulse,pressure,perfusion,andpostureD.Pain,pulse,pressure,perfusion,andpulserate10.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodusedtoassesstheadequacyofpaincontrolinsurgicalpatients?A.Thevisualanalogscale(VAS)B.TheWong-BakerFACESpainratingscaleC.Thenumericratingscale(NRS)D.Alloftheabove二、多項選擇題要求：從每小題的四個選項中選擇兩個或兩個以上的正確答案。1.Thepreoperativeassessmentofasurgicalpatientmayincludethefollowing:A.ReviewofmedicalhistoryB.PhysicalexaminationC.LaboratorytestsD.PsychosocialassessmentE.Reviewofmedicationlist2.Whichofthefollowingarepotentialriskfactorsforwoundinfection?A.PoornutritionalstatusB.DiabetesmellitusC.SmokingD.PrevioushistoryofinfectionE.Alloftheabove3.Thefollowingarecommonpostoperativecomplications.Choosetwothatarepreventable:A.PulmonaryembolismB.DeepveinthrombosisC.UrinarytractinfectionD.SepsisE.Pressuresores4.Thefollowingarepotentialreasonsforpostoperativeileus.Choosetwo:A.UseofanestheticagentsB.PostoperativepainC.InadequatenutritionD.PostoperativenauseaandvomitingE.Psychologicalfactors5.Whichofthefollowingarecommonsignsandsymptomsofdeepveinthrombosis?A.SwellingB.PainC.RednessD.WarmthE.Alloftheabove四、名詞解釋題要求：解釋下列名詞，每個名詞不少于100字。1.Perioperativeperiod2.Wounddehiscence3.Deepveinthrombosis4.Postoperativeileus5.Painmanagementprotocol五、簡答題要求：簡要回答下列問題，每個問題不少于150字。1.Describetheimportanceofproperhandhygieneinthepreventionofsurgicalsiteinfections.2.Explainthepurposeofthepreoperativefastingperiodinpatientsundergoingsurgery.3.Discusstheroleofthenurseinidentifyingandmanagingpotentialpostoperativecomplications.4.Howcannurseshelppatientsmanagepainaftersurgery?5.Whatarethekeycomponentsofapostoperativedischargeplan?六、論述題要求：論述下列問題，每個問題不少于300字。1.Discusstheimportanceofpatienteducationinpreparingsurgicalpatientsforsurgeryandtheirpostoperativerecovery.2.Analyzetheimpactofstressonsurgicalpatientsandthestrategiesnursescanusetoalleviatestress.3.Describetheroleofnutritioninsurgicalrecoveryandthespecificdietaryconsiderationsforsurgicalpatients.4.Evaluatetheeffectivenessofdifferentpainmanagementtechniquesinthesurgicalsettinganddiscusstheirindications.5.Discusstheethicalconsiderationsintheadministrationofpainmedicationstosurgicalpatientsandtheimportanceofinformedconsent.本次試卷答案如下：一、單項選擇題1.A.Allsurgicalpatientsareatriskforinfection.解析：所有外科手術患者都有感染的風險，這是外科護理學中的一個基本概念。2.A.Patientswithahistoryofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.解析：慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者由于呼吸功能受損，手術風險較高，因此術前胸部X光檢查是必要的。3.A.Decreasetheriskofpostoperativeinfection.解析：術前皮膚準備的主要目的是減少術后感染的風險。4.C.Smoking.解析：吸煙會降低皮膚血供，增加傷口愈合不良的風險。5.C.Deepveinthrombosis.解析：全膝關節置換術后患者容易出現深靜脈血栓。6.C.Postoperativenauseaandvomiting.解析：術后惡心和嘔吐可能導致患者攝入不足，進而引起腸梗阻。7.B.Reducepaintoatolerablelevel.解析：術后疼痛管理的主要目標是減輕疼痛至可忍受的程度。8.A.Anestheticagents.解析：麻醉劑可能導致惡心和嘔吐。9.B.Pain,pulse,pulsepressure,perfusion,andpositioning.解析：“5Ps”是評估術后并發癥的五個關鍵指標。10.D.Alloftheabove.解析：視覺模擬評分法（VAS）、Wong-Baker面部表情疼痛評分量表和數字評分法（NRS）都是評估疼痛的有效工具。二、多項選擇題1.A.ReviewofmedicalhistoryB.PhysicalexaminationC.LaboratorytestsD.PsychosocialassessmentE.Reviewofmedicationlist解析：術前評估包括對病史的回顧、體格檢查、實驗室檢查、心理社會評估和藥物清單的審查。2.A.PoornutritionalstatusB.DiabetesmellitusC.SmokingD.PrevioushistoryofinfectionE.Alloftheabove解析：營養不良、糖尿病、吸煙和既往感染史都是傷口感染的風險因素。3.B.DeepveinthrombosisC.Urinarytractinfection解析：深靜脈血栓和尿路感染是可以通過預防措施減少的術后并發癥。4.A.UseofanestheticagentsB.Postoperativepain解析：麻醉劑的使用和術后疼痛是導致術后腸梗阻的常見原因。5.A.SwellingB.PainC.RednessD.WarmthE.Alloftheabove解析：深靜脈血栓的典型癥狀包括腫脹、疼痛、發紅和溫暖感。四、名詞解釋題1.Perioperativeperiod解析：圍手術期是指從患者決定接受手術到手術后的恢復期，包括術前準備、手術過程和術后恢復。2.Wounddehiscence解析：傷口裂開是指術后傷口邊緣分離，導致傷口愈合不良。3.Deepveinthrombosis解析：深靜脈血栓是指靜脈內形成的血栓，通常發生在下肢，可能導致疼痛、腫脹和呼吸困難。4.Postoperativeileus解析：術后腸梗阻是指術后腸道功能暫時性停止，導致腹脹、惡心和嘔吐。5.Painmanagementprotocol解析：疼痛管理方案是一套標準化的程序，用于指導護士評估、管理和記錄患者的疼痛情況。五、簡答題1.Properhandhygieneiscrucialinpreventingsurgicalsiteinfectionsbyreducingthenumberofmicroorganismsonthehandsofhealthcareproviders.解析：正確的手衛生可以減少醫療保健提供者手上的微生物數量，從而降低手術部位感染的風險。2.Thepreoperativefastingperiodisnecessarytopreventaspirationpneumonia,whichcanoccurwhenstomachcontentsareregurgitatedintothelungsduringanesthesia.解析：術前禁食是為了防止吸入性肺炎，這是在麻醉過程中胃內容物反流到肺部時可能發生的情況。3.Thenurseidentifiespotentialcomplicationsbyassessingthepatient'sriskfactors,monitoringvitalsigns,andobservingforsignsandsymptomsofcomplications.Thenursethenmanagesthesecomplicationsbyimplementingappropriateinterventionsandreportingtothehealthcareprovider.解析：護士通過評估患者的風險因素、監測生命體征和觀察并發癥的跡象和癥狀來識別潛在的并發癥。然后，護士通過實施適當的干預措施并向醫療保健提供者報告來管理這些并發癥。4.Nursescanhelppatientsmanagepainaftersurgerybyassessingpainlevels,administeringpainmedicationsasprescribed,providingcomfortmeasures,andeducatingpatientsonpainmanagementtechniques.解析：護士可以通過評估疼痛水平、按處方給藥、提供舒適措施和教育患者關于疼痛管理技術來幫助患者管理術后疼痛。5.Thepostoperativedischargeplanincludesinstructionsformedication,diet,activity,andfollow-upappointments.Thenurseensuresthatthepatientunderstandstheseinstructionsandprovidesresourcesforsupportandassistance.解析：術后出院計劃包括藥物、飲食、活動和隨訪預約的說明。護士確保患者理解這些說明，并提供支持和幫助的資源。六、論述題1.Patienteducationisessentialinpreparingsurgicalpatientsforsurgeryandtheirpostoperativerecoverybyprovidinginformationabouttheprocedure,potentialrisks,andexpectedoutcomes.Thiseducationhelpspatientscopewithanxiety,understandtheimportanceofpostoperativecare,andfollowinstructionsforrecovery.解析：患者教育對于準備手術和術后恢復至關重要，因為它提供了關于手術、潛在風險和預期結果的信息。這種教育有助于患者應對焦慮，了解術后護理的重要性，并遵循恢復的指示。2.Stresscannegativelyimpactsurgicalpatientsbydelayinghealing,increasingpainperception,andcompromisingimmunefunction.Nursescanalleviatestressthrougheffectivecommunication,providingemotionalsupport,andimplementingrelaxationtechniques.解析：壓力可能會通過延遲愈合、增加疼痛感知和損害免疫功能來負面影響外科患者。護士可以通過有效的溝通、提供情感支持和實施放松技巧來減輕壓力。3.Nutritionplaysacriticalroleinsurgicalrecoverybyprovidingenergy,supportingimmunefunction,andpromotingwoundhealing.Specificdietaryconsiderationsincludeadequateproteinintake,hydration,andabalanceddietrichinvitaminsandminerals.解析：營養在術后恢復中起著關鍵作用，因為它提供能量、支持免疫功能并促進傷口愈合。具體的飲食考慮因素包括充足的蛋白質攝入、水分和富含維生素和礦物質的均衡飲食。4.Differentpainmanagementtechniques,suchaspharmacological,non-pharmacological,andinterventionalmethods,havevaryinglevelsofeffectiveness.Pharmacologicaloptionsincludeopioids,nonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),andlocala