第頁基礎過關（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023年遼寧省高三第二次全省統考暨朝陽市第一高級中學高三四模】

LasFallas,SpainLasFallasisatraditionalcelebrationhonoringSt.Joseph.Itcentersaroundgiantpapermache(紙型)puppetscalledfallas.ThemaineventsrunfromMarch15toMarch19.Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreetsforfulldaystomarktheendofwinterandthebeginningofspring.SongkranFestival,ThailandThethree-daySongkranFestivalisoneofthemostpopularcelebrationsinThailand.Traditionally,Thaisusethistimetocleanandreflect,andpayrespecttoneighbors,familyandtheelderly.Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike.HoliFestival,IndiaThedayafterthefirstfullmoonofMarchmarksthestartofHoli,aHindufestivalwithmanylegendsbehindit.OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.CherryBlossomFestival,JapanEveryspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees.Itisoneofthecountry’smostcherishedtraditions.1．Whatdothefourfestivalshaveincommon?A．Allthefestivalslastfor3days.B．Therearemanystoriesbehindthefestivals.C．Peopleusuallycelebratethefestivaloutdoors.D．Familymembershaveabigpartytocelebratethefestival.2．Ifyouwanttoenjoythebeautyofnature,wherewillyougo?A．Japan. B．Spain. C．India. D．Thailand.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofsomefestivals. B．Thecustomsofsomefestivals.C．Theactivitiesofsomefestivals. D．Theintroductionofsomefestivals.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【文章大意】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了世界各地的四個節日。1．細節理解題。根據“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上進行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各個年齡段的泰國人都在與彼此和游客之間進行激烈的水戰)”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里節，朋友、鄰居和陌生人涌上街頭，互相潑灑彩色的水和粉末，慶祝冬天的結束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當奇瑞櫻花節到來時，日本人都會去外面的樹下野餐和聚會來慶祝)”可知，四個節日的共同之處是在戶外進行，故選C項。2．推理判斷題。根據“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當奇瑞櫻花節到來時，日本人都會去外面的樹下野餐和聚會來慶祝)”可知在日本可以體驗到戶外的大自然之美，由此可以推理出，如果你想享受大自然之美，可以選擇日本，故選A項。3．推理判斷題。根據“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上進行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各個年齡段的泰國人都在與彼此和游客之間進行激烈的水戰)”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里節，朋友、鄰居和陌生人涌上街頭，互相潑灑彩色的水和粉末，慶祝冬天的結束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，當奇瑞櫻花節到來時，日本人都會去外面的樹下野餐和聚會來慶祝)”可知本文是對世界各地的四個活動進行了介紹，故選D項。2.【2023屆河北省邯鄲市高考三模（保溫卷）】Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?Wrong.Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.Takeflexiblefoodpackages.Thosefilmscontainseverallayersofdifferentplastics.Becauseeachplastichastoberecycledseparately,thosefilmsarenotrecyclable.Thepolypropylene(聚丙烯)inyogurtcupsandotheritemsdoesn’tusuallygetrecycledeither;recyclingahodgepodgeofpolypropyleneproducesadark,smellyplasticthatfewmanufacturerswilluse.OnlytwokindsofplasticarecommonlyrecycledintheUnitedStates:thekindinplasticsodabottles,polyethyleneterephthalate,orPET;andtheplasticfoundinmilkcontainers—high-densitypolyethylene,orHDPE.Together,thoseplasticsmakeuponlyaboutaquarteroftheworld’splastictrash.Andwhenthoseplasticsarerecycled,theyaren’tgoodformuch.Meltingplasticdowntorecyclechangesitsconsistency,soPETfrombottleshastobemixedwithbrand-newplastictomakeasturdyfinalproduct.RecyclingamixofmulticoloredHDPEpiecescreatesadarkplasticgoodonlyformakingproductslikeparkbenchesandwastebins,inwhichpropertieslikecolordon’tmattermuch.Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Lowrecyclingratesaren’tjustaproblemintheUnitedStates.Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.8．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toshowalifestyle. B．Todescribeaphenomenon.C．Tointroduceatopic. D．Tomakeaproposal.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meticulous”meaninparagraph2?A．Painful. B．Forgetful. C．Regretful. D．Mindful.10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Manufacturersdon’twanttouserecycledplastic.B．Thereisanurgentneedtoreduceplasticwaste.C．Moreplasticcanbedealtwithbyburning.D．U.S.istoblamefortheplasticproblem.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thecausesofplasticpollution.B．Thecharacteristicsofdifferentplastics.C．Thewaysthatmostplasticsarerecycled.D．Thereasonswhymanyplasticsarenotrecycled.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．D【文章大意】本文是篇說明文。文章主要講述了將塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何東西是非常困難的，這也是致使許多塑料垃圾無法被回收，最終堆積過多的原因。8．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.”（回收的感覺真好）和“Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?”（你往那個藍色垃圾桶里扔的塑料越多，你就越能避免塑料進入垃圾填埋場和海洋，對吧？）可知，第一段提出了回收塑料有助于減少塑料垃圾的問題；結合第二段的回答“Wrong.”和“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway...Because...”（無論你在清潔和分類塑料方面多么meticulous，大多數塑料最終都會被扔進垃圾桶……因為……）可知，下文指出來大部分塑料無法回收的結果，并在第二段給出了解釋和說明；同時根據三、四段主要內容可知，文章主要在圍繞塑料可被回收和不可回收的話題展開，故第一段起到了引出話題的作用。故選C。9．詞義猜測題。根據第一段“There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.”（仔細地把汽水瓶、塑料袋和酸奶杯從其他垃圾中分類出來，會有一種成就感）可知，人們會覺得只要很仔細用心地把塑料分類，就會有好的效果；結合劃線詞所在句“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.”（無論你在清潔和分類塑料方面多么meticulous，大多數塑料最終都會被扔進垃圾桶）可知，事實是大多數塑料最終會被扔進垃圾桶，無論你怎么仔細用心分類，故“meticulous”表示“用心的、留心的”。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.”（根據美國環境保護局的數據，僅在2018年，美國就填埋了2700萬噸塑料，而回收的塑料僅為300萬噸）和“Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.”（在全世界被丟棄的63億噸塑料中，只有約9%被回收利用，另有12%的垃圾被燒毀，近80%的垃圾堆積在陸地或水道上）可知，目前全世界的塑料垃圾問題很嚴重，急需減少塑料垃圾。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據最后一段“Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.”（匹茲堡大學的化學工程師EricBeckman說，將塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何東西的困難，是世界上充斥著如此多塑料垃圾的一個重要原因）及二、三段具體描述的許多塑料不可回收和可回收的原因可知，本文主要講述了為什么許多塑料不可回收的原因。故選D。3.【2023屆山西省金科大聯考高三四月模擬檢測】Atreasuretrove(無主埋藏物)ofjewelrywasuncoveredatLaAlmoloya,asiteinMurcia,southeasternSpain.LaAlmoloyawasacentreofpoliticsandwealthintheElArgarterritory,andalthoughthediscoverywasmadein2014,expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure.Theremainsofawoman,alongwithamanwhomayhavebeenherhusbandwerediscoveredinthehillsofthearea.Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.Thepairwerefoundwith30objectscontainingpreciousmetalsandstones.Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter,becausewearandtearonhisbonesndicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.Thewoman,calledthe“PrincessofLaAlmoloya”,wasburiedashorttimeaftertheman.Thegravegoodsofthewomanwereworthtensofthousandsofdollarsintoday’smoney.“Wehavetwowaysofinterpretingthis,”saysRobertoRischoftheAutonomousUniversityofBarcelona“Eitheryousay,it’sthewifeofaking;oryousay,no,she’sapoliticalpersonalitybyherself”Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.ThediscoveryatLaAlmoloyashednewlightonthepoliticsandgenderrelationsinoneofthefirsturbansocietiesoftheWest.28．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Thepairlivedafter1700BC． B．Themanwasburiedafterthewoman.C．Themaybeanimportantperson D．Expertsbegantostudythetrovein2014.29．Whatcanindicatethatthemanwasafighter?A．Injuriesonhisbones. B．Metalsburiedwithhim.C．Thetimehewasburied. D．Horsesnexttohim.30．Whowasregardedasanadultaccordingtothetext?A．Agirlattheageoffour. B．Aseven-year-oldboy.C．Asix-year-oldgirl. D．Aboyattheageofnine.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheidentityofaburiedwomanisnotclearB．ApairwerenewlydiscoveredwithgreattreasureC．Womenmightbelesspowerfulintheancientworld.D．Furtherstudyatanunearthedtroveleadstonewfindings.【答案】28．C29．A30．C31．D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了專家對位于西班牙東南部已出土的無主埋藏物進行了研究，并介紹了埋藏物的情況和由此得出的猜測。28．推理判斷題。根據文章第二段內容“Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.(研究人員認為，這一埋葬發生在公元前1700年左右，這名婦女的陪葬品比普通人多得多，這可能暗示了她在她的社區中的角色)”可知，這個女人陪葬的寶物比一般人多很多，這可能暗示了她在社會中的地位。因此可以判斷出，她可能有重要的社會地位，是一個重要的人。故選C項。29．細節理解題。根據文章第三段內容“Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter，becausewearandtearonhisbonesindicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.(專家認為，墳墓里的人可能是一名戰士，因為他骨頭上的磨損表明他花了很多時間在馬背上)”可知，專家認為這個墓中的男人可能是個戰士，因為他骨頭上的損傷暗示了他在馬背上度過了很長時間。故選A項。30．推理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容“Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.(此前的研究發現，女性被視為成年人的年齡要比男孩小得多。例如，陪葬品顯示，年僅六歲的女孩與刀具和工具一起下葬，但男孩在十幾歲時就會與這些東西一起下葬)”可知，以前的發現揭示了女性被當做成年人的年齡比男性要小，比如：六歲女孩的墳墓里就埋著刀和工具，但是十幾歲的男孩墳墓里才會埋這些。由此可見，六歲的女孩就已經被當作成年人了。故選C項。31．主旨大意題。根據第一段的內容“expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure(專家們現在正在仔細研究這一出土寶藏的政治背景)”和全文說明的內容可知，專家對位于西班牙東南部已出土的無主埋藏物進行了研究，并介紹了埋藏物的情況和由此得出的猜測。故選D項。4.【2023屆山西省長治市部分學校高三下學期三模聯合考試】MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.HeoffereditforsalethroughAmazon’sself-publishingsectionanditmadeBrettlessthan$100.Whilethatmaynotsoundlikemuch,it’senoughtodrivehimtocreateotherbooksusingthesoftwareAmazonisbyfarthelargestsellerofbothphysicalande-books.IthaswelloverhalfofthesalesintheUnitedStatesandover80percentofthee-bookmarket.Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.Someprofessionalwritersareshowingtheirconcern.“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork,”saidMaryRasenberger,theexecutivedirectoroftheAuthorsGuild,“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).”Noteveryoneisimpressedbythesoftware.MarkDawson,whohassoldmillionsofcopiesofbookshewrotehimselfthroughKindleDirectPublishing,wasquicktocallChatGPT-assistednovelsdull.Dawsonsaidthatqualityisimportantinthebookbusiness.“Itplaysapartinhowbooksarerecommendedtootherreaders.Ifabookgetsbadreviews,it’squicklygoingtosinktothebottom32．WhyisBrettSchicklermentionedinparagraph2?A．TosharethetrickofmakingafortunebywritingB．Tosharehowtocreatee-booksbyusinganAlprogramC．TopredictthedevelopmentofanAIprograminthefutureD．ToshowhowanAlprogramhelpedpeoplewiththeirwriting33．Whatdoweknowaboutthee-booksinAmazon’sKindlestore?A．ManyofthemarerelatedtoAItopicsB．ManyofthemareaccuratelyrecordedbyAIC．SomeofthemarepossiblycreatedbyAID．Manyofthemaremorepopularthanbefore34．WhatdoesMaryRasenbergerworryaboutA．Professionalwriters’lackofinspirationB．ChatGPT’simpactonthepublishingindustryC．Readers’difficultyinfindingtheirfavoritenovelsD．Authors’failuretowritegoodnovelswithoutChatGPT35．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．ChatGPTmightharmoriginalwritingB．TheimpactofChatGPTishugerthanbeforeC．ManypeoplerelyonChatGPTtomakealivingD．ChatGPTisbetterthanhumansintermsofwriting【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．A【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要談論了人們使用ChatGPT產生的不良影響，ChatGPT可能會損害原創寫作。32．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.(BrettSchickler從未想過自己會成為一名出版作家。在了解了ChatGPT人工智能項目后，Brett認為他有一個很好的機會。使用人工智能軟件，Brett在幾個小時內創作了一本30頁的兒童電子書。)”可知，本段提到了BrettSchickler是為了展示人工智能程序是如何幫助人們寫作的。故選D項。33．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.(截至2月中旬，亞馬遜Kindle商店中有超過200本電子書稱ChatGPT是作者或合著者。這個數字每天都在上升。但由于ChatGPT的性質以及許多作者不愿承認他們使用過它，因此不可能全面統計人工智能可能會寫多少本書。)”可知，亞馬遜Kindle商店里的電子書有些可能是人工智能創造的。故選C項。34．細節理解題。根據第三段中MaryRasenberger所說“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork.(這是我們真的需要知道的事情，這些書將充斥市場，許多作家將失業。)”以及“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).(用人工智能進行創作的能力可能會把寫書從一門藝術變成一種商品。)”可知，MaryRasenberger擔心ChatGPT對出版業的影響。故選B項。35．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據第一段“MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.(越來越多的人使用ChatGPT創建圖書銷售。盡管迄今為止銷售緩慢，但人類作家擔心chatgpt創作的書籍可能會損害寫作和出版行業。)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們使用ChatGPT產生的不良影響，ChatGPT可能會損害原創寫作。故選A項。5.【2023屆重慶市普通高中高三第三次聯合診斷測】AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizesandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(擰)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt,“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Otherstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages-madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分離)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.28．WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A．Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B．Shewasinterestedinengineering.C．Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D．Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.29．Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A．Workingwithothers.B．Conductingfieldexperiments.C．Understandingothers’feelings.D．Communicatingwithproductusers.30．Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A．Withtheaidofaguidebook.B．Throughtrialanderror.C．Withthehelpofclassmates.D．Underthedetailedinstruction.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aninspiringclass.B．Anexcellentteacher.C．Somescientificmethods.D．Sometalentedstudents.【答案】28．D29．C30．B31．A【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了在CarsonMiddleSchool八年級的機械工程課上，學生們不僅學會了通過對現有設備的改造使周圍人的生活更加便利，而且還學會了站在他人角度去思考，關心他們的需求。28．推理判斷題。由第一段“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很難打開瓶蓋。幸運的是，她在弗吉尼亞州Herndon的Carson中學的八年級工程課上找到了解決辦法，該課的任務是改造現有產品，使有挑戰的人的日常生活更容易。)”可知，Aasritha要發明一種新的開瓶裝置是因為她想幫助她的祖母。故選D。29．細節理解題。由文章第三段“Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(他們還學會了從別人的角度看問題)”可知，該課程教會學生們理解他人的感受，故選C。30．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.(Bolt不要求學生一步一步地指導他們創建項目，而是讓學生的創意之路保持開放。)”可知，學生是通過自主探索、試驗來完成創造的，故選B。31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很難打開瓶蓋。幸運的是，她在弗吉尼亞州Herndon的Carson中學的八年級工程課上找到了解決辦法，該課的任務是改造現有產品，使有挑戰的人的日常生活更容易。)”和第三段的“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(學生們在課堂上運用的不僅僅是數學、物理和工具技能。他們還學會了從別人的角度看問題)”可知，該篇文章主要講述CarsonMiddleSchool八年級的機械工程課幫助學生們創造了一些設備，同時教會學生從他人角度去思考問題，也就是主要是關于一堂有啟發性的課，故選A。6.【2023屆福建省龍巖第一中學高考第三次校模擬】ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D(two-dimensional)laser(激光)scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR(virtualreality).TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機)，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations(振動)asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.12．WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.B．Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.C．Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.D．Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.13．Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?A．Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.B．ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.C．TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.D．Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.14．Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A．virtualreality B．printingC．painting D．film-making15．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.B．Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.C．Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.D．Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。介紹了麻省理工學院的科學家最近的研究成果，將蜘蛛網轉換成音樂，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復雜的創造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。12．細節理解題。根據第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學院的科學家們已經把蜘蛛網變成了音樂——創造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復雜的創造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”可知，麻省理工學院的科學家把蜘蛛網轉換成音樂。故選A項。13．推理判斷題。根據第三段中MarkusBuehler所說“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機)，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.(盡管蜘蛛網看起來很隨機，實際上有很多內部結構，你可以想象他們，你可以觀察他們，但人類的想象力或人腦很難理解所有這些結構細節。)”可知，蜘蛛網的結構復雜，人類難以理解其構造。故選D項。14．推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.(蜘蛛可以在沒有架子或支撐的情況下織網，所以更好地了解它們是如何工作的，可能會導致先進的新型3D打印技術的發展。)”可知，研究蜘蛛如何結網有利于提升打印技術。故選B項。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學院的科學家們已經把蜘蛛網變成了音樂——創造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復雜的創造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”等內容可知，本文提出了一種新的創造性的方法來研究蜘蛛。故選C項。7.【2024屆山西省大同市高三6月學情調研】Ontheeveofthisweek’srailstrikes,itwasreportedthattheindustrybossesareplanningtoweedoutpapertrainticketsandclosealmost1,000stationticketofficesinEngland.Thetransportsecretary,GrantShapps,hasmadenosecretofhisdesiretoseecostssavedinthisway.Somestationssellonlyahandfulofticketseachweekandthevastmajorityoftransactions(交易)havemovedonline.Inthenameofcost-cutting,stationticketofficesarelikelytofollowthetelephoneboothonthecornerandbecomememory.Forthosewhohavegrownusedtothebenefitsoforganizingtravelviasmartphones,therewillbelittletofeelsorryfor.Butforpeoplewithoutonlineaccessorskills,whotendtobeolder,poorer,andmorefragile,anothersocialbarrierwillhavebeenbuilt.Frommedicalappointmentstopaymentappsforparking,moreandmorekeyservicesarenowdelivereddigitally.Asthisrevolutiontakesplace,theinterestsofasignificantminorityarebeingignoredtosomeextent.Inthecaseofhealthandsocialcare,forexample,itwilloftenbethosemostinneedofassistancewhoareleastabletoemployelectronicdevices.Thedebateoverticketofficesoffersanopportunitytoreflectmorebroadlyontheincreasingroleoftechnologyinoursociallandscape.Theunavoidabletrendtowardstechnologyispredictable,butitspossibleconsequencesneedtobemanagedwithmorecare.Withtheexpandingrangeandincreasingcomplexityofdigitalrequirements,theagedaregraduallywithdrawingfromincreasingsocialservicesintheirlives.RosAltmann,theformerpensionsminister,recentlywroteofbeingcontactedbyanelderlywomanwhonolongerdrivestoherlocalpark,becauseshecannotdownloadthecarparkingapprequired.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedinhe