Unit9ChineseKungfuAnIntroductiontoChineseKungfu武術不只是踢打蹦跳,其中還蘊含著中國的民族精神和道德觀念。對中國武術很感興趣的

西方人也不少,學習了本課,您可以試著用英語向他們說說中國功夫。Brief

historyKungfuisatermthathasbeenborrowedintoEnglishtorefertoChinese

martialarts1.Accordingtolegend2,Chinesemartialartsoriginated3during

thesemi-mythical4XiaDynastymorethan4,000yearsago.ItissaidtheYel-

lowEmperorintroducedtheearliestfightingsystemstoChina.Theearliest

referencestoChinesemartialartsarefoundinThe

Spring

and

Autumn

An-

nals

(5thcenturyB.C.),whereahandtohandcombat5theoryismen-

tioned.①Acombatwrestling6systemcalledJueliismentionedintheClassic

of

Rites.JuelibecameasportduringtheQinDynasty(221B.C.~207B.C.).StartingfromtheTangDynasty(618~907),Kungfuexaminationwaspro-

posed7andimplemented8.TheSong(960~1279)andYuan(1206~1368)Dy-

nastieswitnessedtheclimaxofKungfudevelopment.Themodernconcepts

ofKungfuwerefullydevelopedbytheMing(1368~1644)andQing(1644~

1912)Dynasties.Philosophical9

influencesTheideasassociatedwithChinesemartialartschangedwiththeevolutionof

Chinesesocietyandovertimeacquiredsomephilosophicalbasesfromthe

ZhuangziconcerningthepsychologyandpracticeofmartialartsandtheTao

Te

Ching,anotherDaoisttextthatcontainsprinciplesapplicable10tomartial

arts.AccordingtooneoftheclassictextsofConfucianism,Zhou

Li,archery1

1andcharioteering12werepartofthe“sixarts”②,includingrites,music,

calligraphyandmathematicsoftheZhouDynasty(1122B.C.~256B.C.).Daoistpractitioners13havebeenpracticingTaoYin③,physicalexercisessim-

ilartoQigongfromasearlyas500B.C.Also,thenotedphysician,HuaTuo,

composed14the“FiveAnimalsPlay”④—tiger,deer,monkey,bear,and

bird,around220A.D..Daoistphilosophyandtheirapproachtohealthand

exercisehaveinfluencedtheChinesemartialartstoacertainextent.DirectreferencetoDaoistconceptscanbefoundinsuchstylesasthe“EightIm-

mortals”⑤whichusesfightingtechniquesthatareattributed15tothecharac-

teristicsofeachimmortal.Shaolin

and

temple-based

martial

artsTheShaolinstyleofWushuisregardedasamongthefirstinstitutionalized16

Chinesemartialarts.TheoldestevidenceofShaolinparticipationincombat

isastele17from728A.D.thatgivesevidenceofadefenseoftheShaolin

Templefromrobbersaround610A.D..Betweenthe16thand17thcenturies,

nofewerthanfortysourcesexisttoprovideevidenceboththatmonksofShaolinpracticedmartialarts,andthatmartialpracticebecameanintegral18

elementofShaolinmonasticlife.ReferencesofmartialartspracticeinShaolinappearinvariousliterarystyles

ofthelateMing:martial-artsmanuals19,militaryencyclopedias,historical

writings,fictionandpoetry.Thesesources,incontrasttothosefromthe

Tangperiod,refertoShaolinmethodsofarmedcombat.Thisincludeaskill

forwhichShaolinmonkshadbecomefamous—thestaff20.TheMingGen-

eralQiJiguangincludeddescriptionofShaolinQuanFaandstafftechniques

inhisbook.Martial

morality21and

cultureTraditionalChineseschoolsofmartialarts,suchasthefamedShaolin

monks,oftendealtwiththestudyofmartialartsnotjustasameansofself-

defenseormentaltraining,butasasystemofethics.⑥Martialmoralitydeals

withtwoaspects:moralityofdeedandmoralityofmind.Moralityofdeed

concernssocialrelations;moralityofmindismeanttocultivatetheinner

harmonybetweentheemotionalmindandthewisdommind.Theultimate

goalisreaching“noextremity22”,wherebothwisdomandemotionsarein

harmonywitheachother.ReferencestotheconceptsanduseofChinesemartialartscanbefoundin

popularculture.Historically,theinfluenceofChinesemartialartscanbe

foundinbooksandintheperformanceartsspecifictoAsia.Recently,those

influenceshaveextendedtothemoviesandtelevisionthattargetsamuch

wideraudience.Asaresult,Chinesemartialartshavespreadbeyonditseth-

nicrootsandhaveaglobalappeal.——http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts(619words)Notes①TheearliestreferencestoChinesemartialartsarefoundinThe

Spring

and

Autumn

Annals(5thcenturyB.C.),whereahandtohandcombattheory

ismentioned.《春秋》(公元前5世紀)中最早提到中國武術以及肉搏戰理論。②sixarts六藝,指中國古代儒家要求學生掌握的六種基本才能:禮、樂、射、御、

書、數。③TaoYin導引:古代的一種健身方法,由意念引導動作,配合呼吸,由上而下或由下

而上地運氣。相當于現在的氣功或體育療法。④FiveAnimalsPlay五禽戲,是通過模仿虎,鹿,熊,猿,鳥(鶴)五種動物的動作,以保健強身的一種氣功功法。這是中國古代醫學家華佗在前人的基礎上創造的,故又稱

華佗五禽戲。⑤EightImmortals八仙,是指民間廣為流傳的道教八位神仙:鐵拐李、漢鐘離、張果老、何

仙姑、藍采和、呂洞賓、韓湘子、曹國舅。⑥TraditionalChineseschoolsofmartialarts,suchasthefamed

Shaolinmonks,oftendealtwiththestudyofmartialartsnotjustasameans

ofself-defenseormentaltraining,butasasystemofethics.傳統的中國武術各大流派,如著名的少林和尚,經常研究武術。(他們)不

僅僅(把武術)當作自衛或心理訓練的手段,也當作倫理系統進行研究。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.

For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Accordingtothetext,whenwasChineseKungfufirstreferredtoina

book?A.Morethan4,000yearsago.B.5thcenturyB.C..C.221B.C.~207B.C..D.618~907.2.WhendidKungfumakethegreatestachievementinitsdevelopment?A.IntheTangDynasty.B.IntheMingandQingDynasties.C.IntheQinDynasty.

D.IntheSongandYuanDynasties.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHuaTuofromthepassage?A.HuaTuowasnotaDaoistpractitioner.B.HuaTuowasonlyanotedphysician.C.HuaTuowasaDaoistpractitionersaswellasafamousphysician.D.HuaTuowaseitheraDaoistpractitioner,oranotedphysician.4.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat

.A.TheliterarysourcesintheTangDynastyrefertoShaolinmethodsof

armedcombat.B.TheliterarysourcesintheMingDynastydonotrefertoShaolinmethods

ofarmedcombat.C.TheliterarysourcesintheTangDynastydonotrefertoShaolinmethods

ofarmedcombat.D.Theliterarysourcesaround610A.D.refertoShaolinmethodsofarmed

combat.5.Theunderlinedword“monastic”inparagraph4means

.A.connectedwithmonksB.connectedwithfightingC.complexandnoisyD.simpleandquietⅡ.Fill

in

the

blanks

in

the

following

sentences,using

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.Change

the

form

where

necessary.

manualstaffattributeprincipleinharmonywithposeimplementinreferenceto1.Almostunconsciouslyshedressed

thisnoteofsimplici-

ty.2.Shebeganto

songswhenshewasveryyoung.3.Ihavenothingtosay

thatincident.4.Herdesignswillbeputonice(擱置起來)untilmoneyisavailableto

them.5.Ihavearrangedthatoneofmy

willmeetyouattheairport.6.A

isabookwhichtellsyouhowtodosomethingorhowa

pieceofmachineryworks.

7.Weadheretothe

thateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.8.Our

objectiveistheremovalofallnuclearweapons.9.ItwasGeorgewhofirst

thatwedryclothesinthatlocker.10.Mosthistorians

suchdeclinestowarsandconquests.Ⅲ.Translate

the

following

Chinese

sentences

into

English.1.中國武術起源于古代的摔跤與搏斗。2.該理論最早見于他在1920年出版的《科學和自然》這部著作中。3.這些報告,不同于網上的那些,提到他早年艱苦的訓練和取得的成就。4.中國武術是中國所特有的一種表演藝術。SectionA

In

this

section,you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.Each

statement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.I-

dentify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.BenefitsofStudyingWushuHealth

and

fitnessA)Wushuisoneofthefewsports/exercisesthatonecanparticipatein.It

willbuildallthesought-after(很受歡迎的,吃香的)aspectsoffitness,name-

ly,all-aroundstrength,flexibility(柔韌性),balance,coordination,stamina

(耐力),reflexesandbodyawareness—allwrappedupintoonefunexciting

package!Self-defenseB)Self-defenseisoneofthefirstreasonsmanypeoplewillconsiderwhentakingmartialartsclasses.Infact,it

sprobablysafetosaythatmostpeople

believeitisthepointoftakingsuchaclass.However,Wushu,asafighting

system,willtakemanyyearsofpracticeandrepetitionbeforeitcanserveas

aself-defensesystem.Andthisistrueofanymartialarts—Chinese,

Japanese,Korean,Brazilian.Whiletheotherbenefitsoftakingmartialarts

classes(fitness,discipline,challenge,etc.)haveimmediateresults,amartial

artssystemtakesyearsoflearningbeforeitcanbeusedeffectivelytofight

with.Self-defenseclasses,women

sinparticular,generallyhaveadifferent

aimfrommartialartsclasses.Theytryveryhardtoteachconfidence,aware-

ness,confrontationskillsandafewsimplestrikesinaveryshortperiodoftime,inordertomaketheaveragepersonmorelikelytobeabletodefend

themselvesincaseofaphysicalattack.Journalshaveshownthatalarge

numberofattackscanbeavoidedbyusinggoodverbal(言語的)andspatial

(空間的)skillsandthatiswhatagoodself-defenseclassshouldfocuson.

Thatbeingsaid,takingWushuclassesdoestendtoraiseconfidencefairly

quickly—whichraisesawareness—andyouareconstantlylearningtech-

niquesthat,givenenoughpractice,willbemuchmoreeffectivethanany

techniqueyoucouldlearnina“self-defense”class,aslongasyouare

willingtoputintime.MostWushuGuan(武術館)teachthepracticalappli-

cationforeverytechniqueyouwanttolearn,sodecidingtotakeaWushuclassforself-defenseisfineaslongasyouareawareofthedifferenceand

canenjoytheotheraspectsofpracticingituntilproficiency(熟練)is

reached.Self-confidenceC)Whatmaybethemostimportantbenefitofmartialartstrainingisthein-

creasedself-confidenceonegainswhiletraining.Howyouseeyourselfdi-

rectlyaffectshowyoucarryyourself,andthatinfluenceshowotherssee

you.Apersonwithagreatdealofself-confidenceismorelikelytospeakup

andmakehisopinionsknown,morelikelytostandupforhimself,andlesslikelytoletanopportunitypasshimby.Ahighself-confidenceisalsoanef-

fectiveformofself-defense,asapersonwhocarrieshimselfwithprideis

lesslikelytobechosenasavictimthanonewhoistimidly(膽怯地)creep-

ingalong,hopingnoonenoticeshim.Self-disciplineD)Learningself-disciplineandfocusisanotherreasonmanypeoplestudy

Wushu,andaprimaryreasonmanyparentswillplacetheirchildreninit.

Wushuteachesself-disciplineandfocusverynaturally.Itisthesideeffectof

learningtouseourmindtomakeourbodydothingsthatarenotalwayscomfortable.Surelyitwouldnotinjureyourbody,andevenastonishingre-

sultswouldbeachievedifyouaskmoreofyourselftodothatunderthe

guidanceofatrainedinstructor.Infact,oneofthemostwell-keptsecretsof

peoplewhostudyWushuisthefeelingofsatisfactionthatcomesfromknow-

ingthatyouhavemasteryoveryourbodyandthatanythingyousetforyour-

selfhaveaccomplished.That

sahealthyunderstandingthatcanbenefitany-

oneatanyage!CompetitionsE)Somepeoplelovethestructureofsportsandenjoytrainingforcompeti-tionsfortheloveofchallenges.Manypeoplewillplayallthroughcollege

andthensuddenlyfindtherearenomorestructuredsportsofferedtothem.

Theymaytrytogettogetherwithfriendsbutfinditdifficulttokeepthings

goingonaninformalbasis.Wushuasasporthasbeenorganizedforsome

timeandtherearebothnationalandinternationalWushucompetitions.In

fact,Wushuisonthedocket(在考慮中)tobecomeanOlympicsportand

willbeanexhibitionsportinthe2008Beijinggames.Competitionsare

comprised(由……組成)offloorroutines(自由套路)(similartoagymnas-

ticscompetition)withemptyhandsandweaponsaswellasSanshou(散手),a

typeofsparring(拳擊)andaredividedbyageandlevelsfrombeginnertomaster,soanyonewhodesirescanstartcompetingafterafewmonthsof

training.ComradeshipF)Whenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewiththesameinterestasyou,who

canappreciatehowhardyouareworkingtomakeimprovementsinyour

Wushu,anaturalcomradeshipdevelops.Manyofourstudentsactuallyname

thesocialaspectasoneofthemainreasonstheykeepcomingback.Asa

Wushupractitioner(實踐者)youdonotrelyonyourteammatestowinor

getbetter,whichisuptoyouandhowhardyouarewillingtotrain.Howev-er,theirsupportisstillthereandmakeslearningandgrowingmuchmoreen-

joyable.G)Martialartstraininghassomanygreatbenefitscoveringphysical,mental

andemotionalaspectsthatit

snowonderwhyithasbecomeoneofthemost

popularactivitiesforbothadultsandchildren.However,itisimportantto

pointoutthatnotallmartialartsprogramswillproducetherangeofbenefits

discussed.Programsthatteachjustcombatfightingtechniquesmaynotre-

sultinthedesiredmentalandspiritualbenefitssoitisimportanttosearch

aroundfortherightmartialartstrainingcenterthatwillofferthebenefitsonewishestoachieve.——http://www.chicagowushu.com(916words)

1.ItwilltakelearnersmanyyearstopracticeWushubeforetheycan

defendthemselves.

2.Wushucanbringusstrength,flexibility,balance,staminaandin-

stin-ctivereactionasfarasfitnessisconcerned.

3.Whenaladytakesaself-defenseclass,shewillmasterconfronta-

tionskillsandafewsimplestrikesinaveryshortperiodoftime.

4.Thefeelingofhismasteryoverhisbodyandofhisaccomplish-

mentofhisgoalscanbenefitanyoneatanyagewhenhepracticesWushu.

5.Oneofthemostimportantbenefitsofmartialartstrainingisthe

gainedself-confidencewhiletraining.

6.Becausetherearedifferentlevelsofcompetition,anyonewhode-

sirescanstartcompetingafterashortperiodoftimeoftraining.

7.Wushuhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularactivitiesforboth

adultsandchildrenmainlybecausemartialartstraininghasmanybenefits.

8.Whenwelearntouseourmindtomakeourbodydothingsthat

arenotalwayscomfortable,thesideeffectisself-discipline.

9.Manycollegestudentsfindtherearenomorestructuredsportsof-

feredtothem,sotheytrytogettogetherwithfriendsbutfinallyfinditdiffi-

culttokeepthingsgoingonaninformalbasis.

10.Duringmartialartstraining,comradeshipmakeslearningandgrowingmuchmoreenjoyable.Time

required:15minutesTime

used:

minutesSectionBIn

this

section,there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.You

are

required

to

select

one

word

for

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

the

word

bank.Read

the

passage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choices.You

may

not

use

any

of

the

words

in

the

bank

more

than

once.BriefIntroductiontoWushu(ChineseKungfu)MostvisitorstoChinaaredeeplyimpressedbytheenormous

popularityofWushuinthiscountry.Goingoutearlyinthe

morning,theycanseepeopledoingthistraditionalformofex-ercisebarehandedorwith1

inparksandon2

open

grounds.Wushu,which3means“martialarts”andissometimes

called“Kungfu”abroad,maybe4topre-historicaltimes

whenourancestorshadto5

wildanimalsandamong

themselvesforexistenceandsubsistence.Wushuisaveryim-

portantaspectthatrepresentsthespiritofChinesecultureand

art.AccordingtothephilosophyoftraditionalChinesemedicine,Wushuexercisesconsistofboth“6

”and“in-

ternal”work,theformermeaningmovementsofthebody,the

handsandthefeetandexpressionsoftheeyes,andthelatterbe-

ingrelatedto“thespirit,7,vitalenergyandstrength.”

Thetwoaspectsarecombinedasmovementsguidedby8

soastoachieve“a9ofbodyandmind”.Wushuisveryrichinformandcontent,encompassing(包含)

hundredsofstylesandthousandsofroutines,eachwithitsownspecialfeatures.However,asWushuisbecomingworldwidepopular,it

sa

commonwishofallChinesepeopletowatchkungfucompeti-

tionsattheBeijingOlympicGames.In2008OlympicGames,

Wushuisnotanofficialeventnora10event,butitisal-

lowedtoholdaninternationalcompetitionwiththepermission

ofOlympicOrganizingCommittee.——http://www.china-fun.net/2008/history/20061220/011711.

shtml(238words)Time

required:8minutesTime

used:

minutesSectionCIn

this

section

there

is

a

passage

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements.For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,C

and

D.ShaolinWushu(ShaolinMartialArts)isoneofthemostinfluentialtypesof

Chinesemartialarts,andit

snamedaftertheShaolinTemplelocatedin

DengfengCounty,HenanProvince.Itisfamousbothathomeandabroad,as

ahighlyeffectivemethodofself-defenseandhealth-building.Combining

bothexternalandinternal,and“hard”and“soft”exercises,Shaolin

Wushuinvolvesvariousmethodsoffightingtechniques,consistingofbare-handedboxingandweaponrycombat.TheShaolinboxinghascompactly(緊

湊地)designedroutines(成套動作).Itsmovementsarequick,powerfuland

flexible—bothpracticalfordefenseandattack.ThemostdistinctivecharacteristicofShaolinboxingisthatthepractitioner

worksononestraightline.Itmeansthathismovementsofadvancing,re-

treating,turningaround,orjumpingarerestrainedononeline.Hisarmsare

keptslightlybentsothathecanstretchouttoattackorwithdrawfreelyfor

selfdefense.AnothercharacteristicofShaolinWushuistomaintainthe

bodyinperfectbalance,asstableasamountain.Thepractitionershouldkeepacalmmindbutstrikewithgreatforceandspeed.Heshouldbegoodat

“borrowing”forcefromtheopponent(對手).Thatis,heshouldnotmeet

theopponent

sstrikeshead-on,buttakeadvantageofthestriker

sforceand

goalongwithittobringhimtowardoffaforceofathousandweights.The

practitionershouldknowhowtomakefeignedstrikes(佯攻)andwhenstrik-

ing,hitthevitalpartsoftheopponent.Themovementsshouldbeasskillful

asacat,theshakingasatiger,themovingasadragon,theadvancingas

lightningandtheyellingasthunder.ShaolinWushuisaveryconvenientsport,forthepracticedoesnotneedalargespaceandisnotaffectedbyweatherorthekindofweaponsused.Therearemanyroutines.ExternalexercisesincludeMinorHongBoxing,

GreaterHongBoxing,OldHongBoxingandChangBoxingetc.;forinternal

exercisesthereareXingyiBoxingandJujiBoxing.Shaolinboxingcanbe

practicedsinglyorinpairs.Thedualroutinesinclude:YaoshouLiuheBox-

ingandKickandStrikeLiuheBoxing.——http://www.estudychinese.com(351words)1.WhyisShaolinWushusofamousathomeandabroadaccordingtothis

passage?A.Becauseitcanprovidethepractitionerswithbothcourageandstrength.B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthepractitioners

bodiesanddefendthem-

selves.C.BecauseitwaspasseddownfromancientChinaandshouldbepassedon.D.Becauseithascompactlydesignedroutines.2.Apractitionercanwithdrawfreelyforself-defensebecausehe

.A.keepsbalanceB.standsononestraightlineC.keepshisarmsslightlybentD.yellsasloudasthunder3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thepractitionershouldnotkeepacalmmind.B.Thepractitionershouldnotmeettheopponent

sstrikeshead-on.C.Thepractitionershouldnot“borrow”forcefromtheopponent.D.Thepractitionershouldnotknowhowtomakestrikes.4.Theunderlinedphrase“wardoff”inparagraph2probablymeans

.A.turnasideB.defeatC.endureD.fightbravely5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?A.CharacteristicsofShaolinWushu.B.DifferentRoutinesofShaolinWushu.C.TheOriginofShaolinWushu.D.AnIntroductiontoShaolinWushu.Time

required:8minutesTime

used:

minutesUnit10Non-verbal1CommunicationNon-verbalCommunication由于受到不同地域和文化的影響,世界各國、各民族的肢體語言不盡相同,從本文中您可以

了解到其形成的社會的以及人們心理上的原因。Ifanyoneasksyouwhatarethemainmeansofcommunicationbetween

people,whatwillyousay?Thatisn

tacatchquestion.①Theanswerissim-

pleandobvious.Itwouldalmostcertainlyrefertomeansofcommunication

thatinvolvetheuseofwords.Speakersandlistenersusethemeansoforal2

communication,andwritersandreadersusethemeansofwrittencommuni-

cation.Thereis,however,anotherformofcommunicationwhichwealluse

mostofthetime,usuallywithoutknowingit.Thisissometimescalledbody

languageornon-verbalcommunication(NVCforshort).②

Whensomeoneissayingsomethingwithwhichheagrees,theaverageEuro-peanwillsmileandnodapproval.Ontheotherhand,ifyoudisagreewith

whattheyaresaying,youmayfrown3andshakeyourhead.Inthiswayyou

signalyourreactions,andcommunicatethemtothespeakerwithoutsayinga

word.Wereferredamomentagoto“theaverageEuropean”,because

bodylanguageisverymuchtiedtoculture,andinordernottomisunder-

stand,ornottobemisunderstood,youmustrealizethis.AsmilingChinese,

forinstance,maynotbeapprovingbutsomewhatembarrassed4.QuitealotofworkisnowbeingdoneonthesubjectofNVC,whichisobvi-

ouslyimportant,forinstance,tomanagers,whohavetodealeverydaywiththeirstaff5,andhavetounderstandotherpeople

sfeeling.Accordingly6,

bodylanguageissometimescategorized7intofivekinds:①bodyandfacial8gestures;②eyecontact;③bodycontactor“proximity9”;④clothingandphysicalappearance;⑤thequalityofspeech.Youareexpectedtounderstandallthose,exceptperhaps“proximity”

whichsimplymeans“closeness”.Insomeculturesthisisaculturalfea-

ture10andnotanindividualoneanditisquitenormalforpeopletostand

closetogether,ortomoreorlessthrust11theirfacesintoyourswhentheyare

talkingtoyou.Inothercultures,thisisdisliked;Americans,forinstance,

alwaystalkaboutinvasion12oftheirspace.Somesignalsareprobablycommontoallofus.Ifapublicspeaker(likea

professor,forexample)isallthetimefiddlingwithapencil,orwithhisglasseswhileheistalkingtoyou,heistellingyouquiteclearlythatheis

nervous.Apersonwhoholdsahandoverhismouthwhenheistalkingis

signalingthatheislackinginconfidence.Ifyoustartwriggling13inyour

chairs,lookingsecretlyatyourwatchesoryawning14behindyourhands,we

shallsoongetthemessagethatIamboringyou.We

resureyoucouldmake

awholelistofsuchsignals—anditmightbefunifyoudid.Allthesignalsmentionedsofarcanbecontrolled.Ifyouareawarethatyou

aredoingthesethings,youcanstop.Youcanevenlearntogivefalsesignals.

Mostpublicspeakersareinfactnervous,butagoodspeakerlearnstohidethisbygivingoffsignalsofconfidence.OtherkindsofNVC,eyecontact,

forinstance,arenotsoeasytocontrol.Unlessyouareconfessing15intense

love,youcanhardlylookintosomeoneelse

seyesforquitealongtime.If

youtryit,you

llfindtheywillsoonlookaway,probablyinembarrassment.We

vealreadymentionedproximity,sonowwewillgiveabriefwordabout

ourlasttwocategories,whichconcernthewaypeopledressandtheway

theyspeak.Thesearebothprettyobvioussignals.Peoplemaydresscasually

16andspeakcasually,whichsignalsthattheyarerelaxed.Ortheycandress

formallyandspeakformally,showingtheirtenseness.Infact,non-verbalcommunicationcan,asthesayinggoes17,speakvolumes.——http://www.estudychinese.com(613words)Notes①Thatisn

tacatchquestion.那不是刁難的問題。②Bodylanguageornon-verbalcommunication(NVCforshort).身體語言或者非語言交際(簡稱NVC)。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.

For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Traditionally,

is(are)regardedasthemeansofcommunica-tion.A.oralcommunicationB.writtencommunicationC.non-verbalcommunicationD.bothAandB2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whenaChineseissmiling,heorshemaybe

.A.happyB.embarrassedC.approvingD.shy3.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtonon-verbalcommunication?A.Whenyouunderstandwhattheteacherissaying,youshowaninterested

look.B.Heglaredathisteacherwhenhewasscolded.C.ThebrideisalwaysdressedinredontheweddingdayinChina.D.Thestudentsareaskedtohandintheirhomeworkearlyinthemorning.4.Whenalistenerlookssecretlyathiswatchoryawnsbehindhishands,he

givesthespeakerthemessagethat

.A.whatheissayingisuninterestingB.whatheissayingisinterestingC.hewantstosleepD.hehasanimportantthingtodo5.Thephrase“speakvolumes”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“

”.A.speakloudlyB.expresssomethingveryclearlywiththeuseofwordsC.expresssomethingveryclearlywithoutusingwordsD.expressone

sopinionloudlyⅡ.Fill

in

the

blanks

in

the

following

sentences,using

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.Change

the

form

where

necessary.frownrefertoinvolvefeatureconfessapprovalembarrassgiveoffthrust…intostaff1.Iclimbedtheladder,heardmydive(跳水)announced,andstartedthe

movesthatwould

me

theair.2.He

atheranxiously.3.Theweekendpartyisaninteresting

ofcollegelife.4.Thechairmanhasalsogivenhis

foraninvestigationintothe

case.5.WhenIsaidthatsomepeoplearestupid,Iwasn

t