大題03閱讀理解說明文

》明考情-為方向反_______.

歷年考情

說明文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱談理解中的CD篇，主要分為兩種類型：實驗研究和介紹說明型。說

明文是對事物的形狀，性質，特征，成果或公用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章，把我所說明事物的特征

和本質是理解說明文的關鍵，說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法，解釋法，比較法，比喻法，數字法,

圖標法，引用法和距離法等。說明文的特點是客觀、簡潔、準確、清晰，文章很少表達作者的情感傾向。

閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質、結構、形成原因、功能；了解事物的

意義和特征等。

命題規律

說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態、安全等方面。在

高考英語閱讀理解中，說明文所占比重尤為突出。它既要求考生能熟練運用詞匯和語法知識、理解文章語句、

把握語篇整體結構，還要求學生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考查方式。

即便是細節理解題，大多數情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在

理解文章細節信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點態度類高難度試

題的考查數量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點呈多樣化。

考向預測

預測2025年高考說明文閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩定，主要考查題型仍然為細節理解題和推理判

斷題為主，主旨大意題和詞義猜測題為輔。

參研大題-梃能力》

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[2024全國甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshave

distinctvocals（聲音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentire

conversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowing

toattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedand

softmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbe

fed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplace

torelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.

Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.

That*swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon't

usuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfind

randomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsof

predators（食肉動物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejust

doingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats*meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It*sgettinglouderwithage.

5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

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A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat*sBehavior

C.HaveFunw汕YourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

【答案】4.A5,C6.D7,B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物來表達需求、評估環境和展示

愛意。

【4題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第~■段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimals

havedistinctvocals（聲音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.（動物可以用很多方式來表達他們的需求。例如，幾乎所有的動物都有獨特的聲音，它們依靠這些聲

音來尋求幫助，嚇跑危險的動物或尋找庇護。）"和"Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeand

usesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.（貓寶寶一出生就開始口苗嘀叫，口苗口苗叫是為了引起媽媽的注意和

被喂食。廠可知，貓叫聲是一種生存技能。故選A。

【5題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyuse

theirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.（貓有許多敏銳的感官，但它們的嗅

覺令人印象深刻。它們用鼻子來評估周圍的環境，尋找任何危險的跡象。）”可知，寵物貓通過檢查氣味來評

估不同情況。故選C。

【6題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據第三段劃線詞前半句"Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,（狗以其令人印象

深亥!I的抓取習慣而聞名）”和后句"Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.（許

多貓會在外面隨意找到一些東西，并把它們帶給主人。廣可知，狗以取回東西而聞名，但貓可以從外邊找到

東西帶回來，因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語take...upanotch是用來形容貓在帶回東西這一行為上做

得更好或更出色。故選D。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.（動物可以用很多方式來表達他

們的需求。）”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物的習慣，以

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及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“UnderstandingYourCafsBehavior（T解你的貓的行為）”作文文章標題最

為合適。故選B。

說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結構復雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用

?的方法有三個：細讀、略讀和跳讀。

I（1）細讀重點。重點，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結構、內容和態度；就答題而言，就

?是問題所對應的題源句。以這個標準來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。

'宏觀方面：文章結構；文章主題句；各段首末句；體現作者觀點態度的詞句。

?微觀方面：有轉折處；重要標點；句子主干。

（2）有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結構的基礎上，可大膽進行略讀

|或跳讀，這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總體把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內容包括：

j①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需

?要讀者花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較

[明了，則例子部分可一帶而過。

[②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需

|全讀。

!③無關大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就

1可略過。

I?較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字

I母代替，不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。

在略讀過程中，要特別注意對解題有重要意義的詞、句、段等，并將其儲存在大腦里，以免回頭再查

聲費時費力。

【2025屆河北省石家莊市第一中學高三下學期一模】Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatit

iscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpel

watertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityinthe

Netherlands.

Withasubstantialportionofthenationsituatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshaslongbeenacquainted

withtheperilsofflooding.Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorological

phenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityofAmsterdamto

contemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotal

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player.

Aspertheassertionsontheirofficialwebsite,Resilioisengagedintheconstructionofblue-greenroofs

acrosstheexpanseofAmsterdam.Inconjunctionwiththelocalgovernmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018

throughto2022,theyhaveinstalledspecializedroofingsystemsintheneighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremost

vulnerabletotheravagesofflooddamage.

Theseroofsarecomposedofamultitudeofstrata.Paramountamongtheselayersisthewaterretentionlayer.

Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethe

streets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.It

isthisparticularlayerthatdistinguishestheblue-greenroofsfromtheirconventionalgreencounterparts.Research

indicatesthatblue-greenroofspossessthecapacitytocaptureasmuchas97%ofextremerainfall,instarkcontrast

tothemere12%thatregulargreenroofscanretain.

However,whattrulysetsResilioroofsapartistheirsophisticatedsystems.Anarrayofblue-greenroofsare

interconnectedviaadigitalcommunicationnetwork,therebyenablingeachrooftobemanipulatedindependently,

respondingtothevolumeofwateramassedonthatspecificroofasthesituationdemands.Eachroofisalso

equippedwithavalvethatislinkedtoacomputerizedsystemknownastheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).The

DSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbe

opened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetherit

shouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.

TheseinnovationsarethehallmarksthatrenderResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Blue-greenroofsexemplifythat

theremediestothehazardsposedbyclimatechangenecessitateablendofcreativityandamultifacetedapproach,

operatingonvariouslevelstomitigatetheadverseeffectsofourchangingenvironment.

8.WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?

A.Theincreasingdisasters.B.Thecity5sfinancialsuffering.

C.Theever-risingsealevel.D.Thecity'sgeographicadvantage.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?

A.Theyareslowtodrought.B.Theyareabsolutelyperfect.

C.Theyserveadoublepurpose.D.Theycantrapsolarenergy.

10.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?

A.Tocollectweatherinformation.B.Tocontroltheuseofthevalve.

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C.Tohelpthesewersystemwork.D.Toconnectthedigitalnetwork.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.SmartroofsystemsbecomingarealityinAuckland

B.Resilioblue-greenroofsystemspreventingdisasters

C.Theworkingprincipleoftheblue-greenroofsystems

D.ThedifferencesbetweenResilioroofsandregulargreenroofs

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的Resilio公司如何通過建設藍綠屋頂系統來應

對氣候變化帶來的洪水和干旱問題。

8.細節理解題。根據第二段中“Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextreme

meteorologicalphenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityof

Amsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemerges

asapivotalplayer.（氣候變化的到來開啟了一個更極端氣象現象的時代，包括暴雨和干旱期，迫使阿姆斯特丹

市考慮新的自我保護策略，Resilio在這一背景下成為關鍵角色）”可知，建造Resilio屋頂的直接原因是日益

增加的災害。故選A項。

9.細節理解題。根據第四段中"Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwater

thatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegarden

situatedontheuppermostlayer.（在大量降雨期間，這一層會積聚本會淹沒街道的雨水，在干旱時期，它將儲

存的水引導到最上層的花園中）“可知，蓄水層具有雙重功能。故選C項。

10.細節理解題。根據第五段中"TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthe

valveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmanner

intotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.（DSS與當地天氣預測

接口，以確定特定屋頂上的閥門是否應該打開，允許水以受控和漸進的方式排放到下水道系統，或者是否

應該保持密封以收集即將到來的雨水）”可知，DSS的主要功能是控制閥門的使用。故選B項。

11.主旨大意題。根據文章大意以及第一段“Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableof

discerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavert

inundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.（設

想一個未來的屋頂花園，它是如此精明，能夠辨別出在干旱條件下儲存水的最佳時機，以及何時排水以避

免洪水泛濫。現在，在荷蘭，這種智能屋頂正從幻想變為現實）”可知，整篇文章都在介紹Resilio的藍綠屋

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頂系統如何防止災害。文章詳細討論了這些屋頂的結構、功能和創新之處。由此可知，B選項Resilioblue-green

roofsystemspreventingdisasters（防止災害的彈性藍綠屋頂系統）適合作本文最佳標題。故選B項。

Passage(1)

[2025屆河南省鄭州市中原區鄭州中學高三上學期12月模擬預測】Sadfishing,whichresearchers

definedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstruggles

onlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggy

meaning.

Weallmaybeguiltyofpostingsomethingweakandemotionalonsocialmediafromtimetotime,whichisn'

tabadthing.Butpostingrepeatedlycouldbeasignofalargermentalhealthissueinteensoracryforhelp.

JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermin2019afteraquestionableInstagrampostbyKendallJenner.In

thepost,Jennerdescribeda"painfulstruggle^^withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponses

fromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustacomplicatedmarketingplotforher

skincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.

Expertssaysadfishingislikelyduetothefactthatachildorteenisstrugglingwithsomethingandwantsto

letothersknow.Inthesecases,theyoftendon'tfeeltheyhaveapersontheyfeelcomfortablewithtosharetheir

struggleswithsotheyturntothesocialmediaworld.A2023studyfoundthatteenswhoparticipatedinsadfishing

exhibitedsignsofanxietyanddepression,whilelowsocialsupportwasalargecontributingfactor.Researchers

alsofoundthatboysreported“highersadfishingtendencies^^thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygot

older.Forgirls,thetrendincreasedwithage.

Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsome

cases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.t4Whenasocialmediapostis

unsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,"Dr.

Nissim-Matheiswarns."Especiallyifthepostisauthentic.^^Andwhileanyresponseissupportiveforachild/teen

whofeelsunseenandunheard,itmayopenthemuptoprivacyviolationsandviolentbehavior.

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28.Whafstheintentionofasocialmediauser'ssadfishing?

A.Toshareanopinion.B.Todemonstrateonlineskills.

C.Tomakeacomplaint.D.Tosatisfyanemotionalneed.

29.WhatcanweinferaboutJenner5sInstagramfollowers?

A.Theyhadlittleknowledgeofacne.

B.TheyhadtrustinProactiveproducts.

C.TheywereprobablymisledbyJenner9sstory.

D.Theywereencouragedbyonlineinformation.

30.Whatdoweknowaboutteenagers9sadfishingtrends?

A.Theypeakatage12forboys.B.Theydeclineafterage12forgirls.

C.Theygenerallydecreaseasoneages.D.Theydisappearbeforeone'sadulthood.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocked“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Calledon.B.Laughedat.C.Promoted.D.Supported.

【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。針對青少年在社交平臺上較為普遍的sadfishing這一現象進行了分析探討。

28.細節理解題。根據第一段"Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealth

in2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheform

ofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.（研究人員在2021年的《美國大學健康雜志》

上定義了“Sadfishing"，指的是在網上夸大個人掙扎以獲得同情的趨勢。它可以是一張悲傷的照片，一句不

祥的名言，或者一篇意義模糊的帖子。）”可知，對于在社交平臺上發布sadfishing帖子的人來說，他們的主

要目的就是激起其他網民對自己的同情，滿足自己情緒上的需求。故選D項。

29.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda""painfulstruggle^^withacneandreceivedalarge

amountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjusta

complicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.（

在帖子中，Jenner描述了與座瘡的“痛苦斗爭”，并得到了她的粉絲的大量同情回應。然而，后來被揭露，她

的帖子只是一個復雜的營銷陰謀，是她與Proactiv的護膚合作，里德稱她的行為是sadfishing。）”可知，Jenner

發布的有關自己治療座瘡的虛假內容收到了很多粉絲們的同情回復。由此可推斷，她的這些粉絲們很可能

被Jenner的故事誤導。故選C項。

30.細節理解題。根據第四段“Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported'highersadfishingtendencies9thangirls

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atage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.（研究人員還發現，在12歲時，男孩比女孩有“更高的

sadfishing傾向”，但隨著年齡的增長，這種趨勢會減弱。）”可知，根據調查，男孩在12歲時具有最高的sadfishing

傾向，然后此傾向會隨著年齡增長逐漸減少。故選A項。

31.詞句猜測題。根據最后一段“Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswere

positiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressor

anxiety."'Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausetheperson

postingittobemocked,Dr.Nissim-Matheiswarns.（研究人員發現，在大多數情況下，對sadfishing帖子的回

應是積極和有益的。但在某些情況下，負面反應可能會導致壓力或焦慮增加。尼西姆-馬蒂斯博士警告說：“當

一篇社交媒體帖子未能獲得同情回應時，它也可能導致發帖者被mocked。可知，在大多數情況下，對

sadfishing帖子的回應是積極和有益的，但當一個帖子在社交平臺上不能帶來同情的回復時，會引起消極的

反應，故推知，它的發布者可能會被嘲笑。由此可推斷，畫線詞與Laughedat意思一致。故選B項。

Passage（2）

【2025屆黑龍江省“六校聯盟”高三上學期聯合適應性考試】EngineersatPrincetonUniversityhave

measuredthecoolingbenefitsofasimplesolutionforbeatingurbanheat:reflectingsunlightbackfromwhereit

camebyequippingbuildingwallsandroadwaysinurbancenterswithretroreflective（反光的）materials.

“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeoplein

theU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweather-relateddisaster-heatkillsmorethantornadoes,

tsunamis,andhurricanescombined,9,saidElieBou-Zeid,professorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.

Severaltechnologieshavebeenraisedtofightagainsttheissueofurbanoverheating,includingcool

pavementsandroofcoatings.However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinany

numberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhavean

oppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassers-by.

""Actually,retroreflectivematerialsarealreadyusedintransportation,wheretheyarecommonlyfoundin

roadsignsandpainttoimprovenighttimevisibility,butanimportantquestionishowefficientwecanmakethem

andwhetherwecanengineerthemtohavetheperformanceswewant,^^saidJyotirmoyMandal,assistantprofessor

ofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.

Unlikecommonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflectincomingsunlightwithlimited

scattering（散射）.Consequently,mostsunlighthittingaretroreflectoronabuildingwallorcitystreetwouldbe

directedbackinthesamedirectionitcamefrom-andoutoftheurbancanyon.Inthisway,theretroreflectorscan

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releasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyonandexacerbatetheurbanoverheating

problem.

Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou'

reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidth-heightratioandthedirectionof

yourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerials

andestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.

8.WhatmayElieBou-Zeidwarnpeopleofinparagraph2?

A.Thefrequencyofnaturaldisasters.B.Thieurgencyofkeepingpeoplecool.

C.Theunpredictabilityofclimatechange.D.Thenecessityoftemperaturemonitoring.

9.Whatisthelimitationofcurrentcoolingtechnologies?

A.Influenceuponthecity'sappearance.B.Disturbanceoftheviewofpasses-by.

C.Productionofsomethingpoisonoustohumans.D.Inabilitytocontrolthedirectionofreflectedlight.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Relieve.B.Cause.C.Intensify.D.Address.

11.Whatisprobablythefinalgoaloftheengineers?

A.Toincreaseurbangreenspaces.B.Topersonalizereflectivematerials.

C.Tosimplifyexistingbuildingdesigns.D.Toreducecostsofconstructionmaterials.

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了普林斯頓大學工程師測量用反光材料反射陽光以緩解城市熱島效

應的降溫效果，分析了現有降溫技術的局限，闡述了反光材料的優勢及工程師的最終目標。

8.推理判斷題。根據第二段中ElieBou-Zeid的話“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyand

persistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweather

relateddisasterheatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanescombined（隨著氣候變化以及極端高溫

事件發生頻率和持續時間的增加，美國死于極端高溫的人數比死于任何其他與天氣相關災害的人數都多

—高溫造成的死亡人數比龍卷風、海嘯和颶風加起來還多）”可知，極端高溫造成了很多人死亡，情況十分

危急，由此可推斷出，ElieBou-Zeid是在警告給人們降溫的緊迫性。故選B項。

9.細節理解題。根據第三段中"However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackin

anynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscould

haveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassers

10/39

by.（然而，當陽光照射到這些降溫技術時，它可以被反射到任意方向，而不是集中在一個方向上，這意味著

如果使用高反射材料，可能會產生相反的效果，因為陽光可能會被反射到地面、墻壁，甚至行人身上）”可知,

目前的降溫技術不能控制反射光的方向。故選D項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞前文“Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwise

bestuckintheurbancanyon...（通過這種方式，反向反射器可以釋放原本困在城市峽谷中的陽光...）“可知，

陽光原本會被困在城市峽谷中，進而加劇城市過熱問題，故劃線詞exacerbate的意思是“加居與intensify

同義。故選C項。

11.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,and

materialsengineers.Ifyou'reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidth

heightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesfor

applyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.（最終，他彳門

想為政策制定者、規劃者和材料工程師制定一套指導方針。例如，如果你是一名城市規劃師，并且你知道

你所在城市的緯度、街道的寬高比和方向，你可以很容易地利用他們的研究結果來選擇適合應用這些反光

材料的表面，并估算這樣做可能獲得的降溫效果）”可知，工程師們的最終目標是根據不同城市的具體情況，

為不同的表面選擇合適的反光材料，也就是使反光材料個性化。故選B項。

Passage（3）

【2025屆山東省日照市高三下學期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orposta

photoofourlatestmeal,ifsliketurningonasmalllightbulb（燈泡）that'11neverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoan

uncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhow

muchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.

Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainof

energy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange-theboxonthe

streetcomer-andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetech

giants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.

Today,about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone"smart“device-curtains,electriccookers,

refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.Weare,inotherwords,beingtakenintoa

worldwhereit'shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputseco-consciousconsumersin

abind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan'tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey'retoobusy

keepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?

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Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdata-usagedecisionsis“liketryingtohold

backafloodwithabucketandspade（鐵鏟）Still,there?ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,

thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe'reontheweb,for

example,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it'salsogoodforyourprivacy.More

fundamentally,maybewedon'tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI'mona

train,itwon'tsavetheplanet.ButI'llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythat

releasesnocarbonatall.

8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?

A.Itisenergy-consuming.

B.Itiseasyandconvenient.

C.Itsnegativeeffectsareignored.

D.Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.

9.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?

A.Toentertain.B.Toinform.

C.Topersuade.D.Toinspire.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind^^meaninparagraph3?

A.Atrisk.B.Ataloss.

C.Atease.D.Atadisadvantage.

11.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?

A.Theremovalofdigitaldata.

B.Thepromotionofecotourism.

C.Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.

D.The