專題02閱讀理解（說明文）（一）

高頻話題01人與自我一個人保健/醫療

Passage1

[2025?江蘇無錫?期終教學質量調研（一模）|

Vaping（抽電子煙）damagesyoungpeople9slungsasmuchassmoking,accordingtoaresearchthathas

causedfreshdebateoverthehealthrisksofe-cigarettes.

Thestudycomparedvapersandsmokersinanintenseexercisetestandfoundbothgroupslessfitandmuch

moreoutofbreaththanpeoplewhohaveneitherhabit.

Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked60peopleintheir20stohave

theirlungcapacityrecorded.Twentywerenon-smokers,20othershadvapedforatleasttwoyearsandtheother20

hadsmokedforatleasttwoyears.

Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercisethatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthe

vapershadanaverage"peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,wassimilartothatofthesmokers（182watts）

butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenon-smokers（226watts）.

Inaddition,thevapersandsmokerswerelessabletotakeinoxygen——at2.7litresand2.6litresaminute

respectively-thanthosewhoneithersmokednorvaped（3litres）.

“Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlong-termuseofvapingisdetrimentalandchallengestheideathat

vapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking”,saidFaisalandhisco-authorsofthestudy.

Medicalresearchershavealsofoundevidencethatvapingincreasestheriskofcancer,becauseitchanges

theirDNA,andalsothatitmaydamagethebrainandvitalorgansbecausee-cigaretteaerosols氣溶膠）andliquids

cancontaintracesofpoisonousmetalssuchasleadanduranium.

Dr.FilipposFilippidis,ChairmanoftheERS'stobaccocontrolcommittee,said,“Vapesarebeingsold

cheaplyandinavarietyofflavourstoappealtoyoungpeople."

Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelp

childrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.

1.HowisFaisal'sresearchconducted?

A.Bymeasuringoxygenintakeintheblood.

B.Byrecordingexercisecapacitiesatdifferentages.

C.Bycomparinghealthconditionsindifferentexercises.

D.Byanalyzinglungcapacitiesamongdifferentgroups.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental“inparagraph6probablymean?

A.Harmful.B.Mysterious.

C.Unimportant.D.Unpredictable.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Vapingwillsoonbecompletelybanned.

B.Morepeoplewillstartvapinginthefuture.

C.Healthrisksofvapinghaven'tbeenunderstoodbyall.

D.Strictruleswillbemadetoregulatethepriceofvapingproducts.

4.Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Thehistoryanddevelopmentofvapingproducts.

B.Thecomparisonbetweendifferente-cigarettebrands.

C.Specificmeasurestohelpyoungpeopletoquitvaping.

D.Differentopinionsofyoungpeoplewhovaperegularly.

【答案】l.D2.A3.C4,C

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了一項研究表明，抽電子煙對年輕人肺部的損害程度與吸

煙相當，引發了人們對電子煙健康風險的新一輪爭論。

1.細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked

60peopleintheir20stohavetheirlungcapacityrecorded.（曼徹斯特城市大學的AzmyFaisal博士和他的同事讓

60名20多歲的人記錄他們的肺活量。）”和第四段"Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercise

thatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthevapershadanaverage“peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,

wassimilartothatofthesmokers（182watts）butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenon-smokers（226watts）.（該

試測量了某人所能達到的最大運動量，并發現抽電子煙的人的平均“最大運動能力”為186瓦，與吸煙者（182

瓦）相似，但遠低于非吸煙者（226瓦）。戶可知，Faisal的研究是通過分析不同人群的肺活量來進行的。故選

D項。

2.詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句“'Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlong-termuseofvapingis

detrimentalandchallengestheideathatvapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking5,saidFaisalandhis

co-authorsofthestudy.（Faisal和他的研究合著者說「這項研究為長期使用電子煙……這一日益增多的證據增

添了內容，并挑戰了電子煙可能是吸煙更健康替代品這一觀點。’）“可知，Faisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑

戰了電子煙可能是吸煙更健康替代品這一觀點即長期用電子煙是不健康的，由此畫線詞所在句提到的是研

究為“電子煙有害”增添了證據。故畫線詞意思是“有害的”與A選項“Harmful.（有害的）”為同義詞。故選A項。

3.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段"Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandwe

shouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.（醫生和決策者需要了解電

子煙的風險，我們應該盡我們所能幫助兒童和年輕人避免或戒除電子煙。廠可推知，不是所有人都了解電子

煙的健康風險。故選C項。

4.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandwe

shouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.（醫生和決策者需要了解電

子煙的風險，我們應該盡我們所能幫助兒童和年輕人避免或戒除電子煙。廠可知，最后一段強調了醫生和決

策者需要了解電子煙的風險，并幫助年輕人避免或戒除電子煙，由此可推知，接下來可能會討論幫助年輕

人戒除電子煙的具體措施。故選C項。

Passage2

[2025?浙江噪州?一模]

Theexperimentssoundlikesomethingoutofahorrormovie.Sewtwomicetogethersothattheyshareblood

inasinglecirculatorysystem.Thisprocedurehasledtonewdiscoveriesinthestudyofaging.Studiesusingthe

procedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfromyoungmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceact

youngagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood^^anddebatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturning

backtime.

Inthe2000s,ThomasRando,aneurologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,conductedanexperiment

usingparabiosis.Hefoundthattheyoungmousebloodcausedcertaincellsinoldermicetohelprepairdamaged

muscles.Butthebloodfromoldmicealsoaffectedyoungmiceinnegativeways.Rando'sexperimentalsohintedat

somegrowthofnewbraincells.

ThisreallyinterestedTonyWyss-Coray,aneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.In2011,Wyss-Corayandhis

graduatestudentSaulVilledafoundthatifoldmicereceivedbloodfromyoungmice,theyexperiencedaburstof

cellgrowthinthehippocampus-asmanyasthreetofourtimesmorenewcellsthanmicethatdidnotreceive

youngblood.Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemiceoldbeforetheirtime.

ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthegrowthofnewbrain

cells.

Theseresultsstirredagreatdealofexcitement.WhatifyoungbloodcouldhelpAlzheimer9spatients

improvetheirmemories?ThisisexactlywhatWyss-Coraysetouttolearn.

MichaelandIrinaConboy,researchscientistsatUCBerkeleywhoworkedwithThomasRandohave

conductedablood-exchangeexperiment.TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffects

onoldermice,ifsnotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalage-defyingproperties.Instead,itjusthelpsfilterout

ordilutesomeofthe"badstuff9inoldblood.("Scienceistheprocessofrefiningthequestionswehave,Conboy

says.Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsofaging.

1.WhymightyoungmicereceivingoldbloodbecomeolderaccordingtoWyss-Coray?

A.Cellgrowthinthehippocampus.B.Age-defyingproperties.

C.RepairedmusclesduringParabiosis.D.HighamountofCCL11.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dilute"meaninparagraph5?

A.Identify.B.Weaken.C.Intensify.D.Locate.

3.Whatdotheresearchersthinkoftheprospectsoftheexperiments?

A.Unconvincing.B.Skeptical.C.Promising.D.Unclear.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.OverturningOldAgeB.RegainingLostMemories

C.MaintainingHealthyCellsD.UncoveringAlzheimer^Disease

【答案】l.D2.B3.C4.A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是通過年輕血液逆轉衰老的前沿研究，探討其對老化機制的

理解及潛在的醫學應用前景。

1.細節理解題。根據第三段中的"Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemice

oldbeforetheirtime.ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthe

growthofnewbraincells.（如果年輕的老鼠接受了年老的血液，這就會減緩細胞的生長，使老鼠提前衰老。這

在一定程度上是由于老年老鼠血液中一種叫做CCL11的蛋白質含量很高。CCL11阻斷新腦細胞的生長。戶

可知，年輕老鼠接受年老的血液會使老鼠提前衰老，在很大程度上由于老年老鼠血液中一種叫做CCL11的

蛋白質含量很高。故選D項。

\2.詞句猜測題。根據劃線單詞前的"TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffectson

oldermice,ifsnotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalage-defyingproperties^兩位科學家指出，盡管年輕的

血液對年老的老鼠有一些積極的影響，但并不是說年輕的血液有神奇的抗衰老特性。）”可知，兩位科學家認

為年輕血液對年老老鼠有積極影響，但并非是年輕血液有神奇的抗衰老特性，結合“Instead,itjusthelpsfilter

outordilutesomeofthe"badstufFinoldbk）od.（相反，它只是幫助

過濾掉舊血液中的一些“壞東西”。戶可知，劃線單詞所在的句子解釋了年輕血液對年老老鼠有積極影響是因

為它過濾掉了舊血液中的一些“壞東西”，劃線單詞與filterout用or連接，為選擇關系，由此可知，年輕血

液的作用在于過濾或減弱老年血液中的一些不良物質的影響，所以，劃線單詞的意思與“減弱”意義相近。故

選B項。

3.推理判斷題。根據尾段中的"Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsof

aging.（研究人員希望有一天科學能夠最終揭開衰老的秘密。戶可知，研究人員對未來的科學研究充滿希望，

認為有一天科學能夠揭示衰老的秘密，這反映了他們對研究前景持樂觀態度。故選C項。

4.主旨大意題。根據首段中的“Studiesusingtheprocedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfrom

youngmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceactyoungagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood^^and

debatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturningbacktime.（使用這種被稱為異種共生的方法的研究表明，將

年輕老鼠的血液注入年老老鼠體內，可以使年老老鼠恢復年輕的行為。但科學家們仍在測試“年輕血液”，并

爭論它是否真的擁有讓時間倒流的秘密。戶以及下文中介紹的斯坦福大學的神經科學家ThomasRando以及

TonyWyss-Coray對該研究的進一步實驗和分析和加州大學伯克利分校的研究科學家邁克爾和伊琳娜?康博

伊曾與托馬斯?蘭德合作進行的一項血液交換實驗情況可知，本文主要討論了通過年輕血液逆轉衰老的研究

和發現，包括其可能對阿爾茨海默病患者記憶改善的影響，所以題目“顛覆衰老”與本文的內容吻合，且可以

概括本文的主旨，適合作為最佳標題。故選A項。

Passage3

[2025江西省部分學校高三下學期2月一模]

Forcenturies,scientistshavepeeredthroughmicroscopestounderstandthebasicunitsoflife.Now,they're

proposingsomethingfarmoreambitious:creatingcompletevirtualcopiesofhumancells-whattheycall

artificialintelligencevirtualcells（AIVCs）——thatcanbestudied,controlled,andtestedwiththepowerofartificial

intelligence.

Tounderstandwhythisisagreatundertaking,considerwhatmakescellscomplex.Everyhumancell

containsroughly42millionproteinmoleculesand20,000differentgenes,allinteractingincomplicatedwayswe're

stillstrugglingtofullycomprehend.Thesecomponentsdon'toperateinisolation-theyformvastnetworksof

interactionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedontinyadjustments.

Now,tworevolutionaryadvancesareheretomakevirtualcellspossible:theexplosionofbiologicaldata

collectionmethodsanddramaticimprovementsinartificialintelligence.Modemlaboratorytechniquescangenerate

enormousdatasetsaboutcellularcomponentsandbehavior,withthevolumeofdatadoublingeverysixmonths.

Thepossibleapplicationsofsuchasystemcanbetransformative.Imagineafuturewheredoctorscould

createa“digitaltwin“ofyourcells-avirtualcopythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonacomputer

beforegivingthemtoyou.Thiscouldbeparticularlyrevolutionaryforcancertreatment,wheredoctorscould

simulate（模擬）howdifferentcombinationsofdrugsmightaffectyourcancercells,potentiallyavoidingharmful

sideeffectsandfindingthemosteffectivetreatmentmorequickly.

However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancerbiologistscouldusethese

virtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations（基因突變）transformhealthycellsintounhealthy

ones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,potentiallyuncoveringnewways

totreatage-relateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionstopredictnotjusthowvirusesaffect

individualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.

EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,says,“Thisproject

requirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfullyfunctionalmodels

mightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday5srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesandmassivedatasets,

thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars."

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inisolation^^inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Innovatively.B.Complicatedly.C.Physically.D.Separately.

2.Howcoulddoctorsmainlyusethevirtualcellsystem?

A.Matchhealthycellsforpatients.B.Testpossibletreatmentsinadvance.

C.Createrealcopiesofhealthycells.D.Teachrobotstoconductsurgery.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Otherpotentialapplicationsofvirtualcells.B.Enormousbenefitsofindividualpatientcare.

C.Howscientistsinmedicinecooperatetogether.D.Howsomediseasesaredetectedandprevented.

4.WhatisthemainpurposeofEmmaLundberg'swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Tocallforjointeffortstocompletetheproject.

B.Toremindscientiststowaitforthetimetostart.

C.Towarnagainstspendingmuchtimeonthegoal.

D.Toacknowledgecurrenttransformativeadvances.

【答案】l.D2.B3.A4,A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了創建人工智能虛擬細胞（AIVCs）的設想，以及它的應用前景和

實現問題。

1.詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞下文“theyformvastnetworksofinteractionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedon

tinyadjustments（它們形成了巨大的互動網絡，可以根據微小的調整產生巨大的變化。）”可知是對上文的解

釋，所以推知上文意思是這些組成部分并不是孤立運作的，所以inisolation意為"孤立地''和separately同義，

故選D。

2,細節理解題。根據第四段“Imagineafuturewheredoctorscouldcreatea"digitaltwin^^ofyourcells—avirtual

copythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonacomputerbeforegivingthemtoyou.（想象一下,未來醫生

可以為你的細胞創造一個“數字雙胞胎”——一個虛擬的副本，讓他們在給你治療之前在電腦上測試不同的治

療方法。廠可知，醫生主要利用虛擬細胞系統提前測試可能的治療方法。故選B。

3.主旨大意題。根據第五段“However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancer

biologistscouldusethesevirtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations（基因突變）transform

healthycellsintounhealthyones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,

potentiallyuncoveringnewwaystotreatage-relateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionsto

predictnotjusthowvirusesaffectindividualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.（然而，它的

好處將遠遠超出對病人的個人護理。癌癥生物學家可以利用這些虛擬細胞來更好地了解特定的基因突變是

如何將健康細胞轉化為不健康細胞的。發育生物學家可以追蹤生物體生長過程中細胞的變化，從而有可能

發現治療與年齡相關疾病的新方法。微生物學家可以模擬病毒感染，不僅可以預測病毒如何影響單個細胞，

還可以預測病毒如何影響整個器官或系統。”'可知該段主要講的是虛擬細胞的其他潛在應用。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后——段“EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,

says,“Thisprojectrequirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfully

functionalmodelsmightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday'srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesand

massivedatasets,thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars.”（斯坦福大學生物工程和病理學副教授艾

瑪?倫德伯格（EmmaLundberg）說：“這個項目需要跨科學領域、行業和國家的合作，我們知道，功能齊全的

模型可能在十年或更長時間內無法實現。”隨著人工智能能力和海量數據集的迅速發展，我們聯合起來摘星

的時機已經成熟。”廣可推知EmmaLundberg說這段話的目的是呼吁共同努力完成這個項目，故選A。

Passage4

[2025湖南省株洲市高三教學質量統一檢測（一模）考試]

Animalshibernate（冬日民）toconserveenergyduringcoldmonthswhenfoodisinshortage,slowingtheirheart

rateanddroppingtheirbodytemperaturetoenteraninactivestate.Thisisonlysurvivableiftheirbloodcontinues

toflowandsupplyoxygentothebody,butscientistshaven'tfullyunderstoodhowthishappens.Iftheycanfigure

outhow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightonedaybeabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatments

orlong-distancespacetravel.

Scientistsalreadyknowthatredbloodcellschangeshapetofitdifferentpressuresandbloodvesselsizes.To

investigateifsomethinglikethishappensinthecellsofhibernatinganimalstokeepbloodflowing,GeraldKerth

andhisteamturnedtobats.

Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscoveredthatthecellsbecame

thickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthecellsto10℃,thebat

cellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.Indeed,thebatcellscontinuedtofunction.

Thischangemightslowdownthecellsastheypassthroughcapillaries（毛名田血管）inthemusclesandlungs,

makingthemefficientatexchanginggases,likeoxygen,throughoutthebody.Theteambelievesthatthe

mechanicalpropertiesofthebatredbloodcellmembranes（膜）playakeyrole.

Thefindingssuggestthatdrugscouldonedayenablehumanredbloodcellmembranestoimitatethewaythe

batmembranesreacttothecold.Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdown

metabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajor

brainsurgery."Beingabletolengthenthatcoolingtime,ordropthetemperaturelower,couldincreasethose

benefits,saysKerth.

Natureisfullofyet-to-be-disclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtoovercomepresentandfuturemedical

andtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficientlong-distancespacetravel,requiring

minimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.

1.Whyisstudyinganimalhibernationsignificant?

A.Itbenefitshuman9sactivestates.B.Itbringsaboutmedicaladvances.

C.Itcontributestoatourismboom.D.Itpromiseshuman9shealthyheartrate.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“metamorphosis”inparagraph3mean?

A.Decline.B.Destruction.C.Transportation.D.Transformation.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Coolingtechniqueshaveimproved.B.Drugsmakehumancellsworklikebatcells.

C.Bodycoolingmattersinsurgeries.D.Lowerbodytemperaturehelpsorganrecovery.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardGeraldKerth'sresearch?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】LB2.D3.C4.D

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，變形紅細胞幫助蝙蝠冬眠，如果我們能找出其中的奧秘，也許有一天人類

也能復制這一過程，用于醫療或遠距離太空旅行。文章介紹了GeraldKerth及其團隊在這方面的研究及重要

發現。

1.細節理解題。根據第——段中"Iftheycanfigureouthow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightoneday

beabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatmentsorlong-distancespacetravel.（如果他們能弄清楚如何做至!J這一

點，潛在的意義在于，人們有一天可能能夠復制這一過程，用于醫療或長途太空旅行）”可知，研究動物冬眠

之所以重要是因為它會帶來醫學進步，故選B。

2.詞句猜測題。根據第三段中“Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscovered

thatthecellsbecamethickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthe

cellsto10℃,thebatcellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.（通過分析來自蝙蝠和

人類的數千個紅細胞，他們發現，當溫度從37°。降至23c時，這些細胞變得更厚、更堅硬。但是當他們將

細胞冷卻到10℃時，蝙蝠細胞繼續這種metamorphosis,而人類細胞則沒有）”可知，溫度下降時紅細胞會變

得更厚、更堅硬，metamorphosis指的是紅細胞的這種“改變”，故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據第四段中"Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdown

metabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajor

brainsurgery.（外科醫生已經在某些手術過程中使用身體降溫來減緩新陳代謝，這有助于防止心臟病發作、器

官移植或大型腦部手術患者的器官損傷）”可知，在手術中，身體降溫很重要，故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Natureisfullofyet-to-be-disclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtoovercome

presentandfuturemedicalandtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficient

long-distancespacetravel,requiringminimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.（大自

然充滿了尚未揭示的秘密，這些秘密可以教會我們如何克服當前和未來的醫療和技術挑戰。在未來，冬眠

將允許高效的長途太空旅行，需要最少的食物和資源，同時在旅途中保持健康）”可知，作者對GeraldKerth

的研究持贊成態度，故選D。

高頻話題02人與社會—科學技術

Passage1

[2025湖南省長沙市第一次新高考適應性考試]

Artificialintelligence-orAI-isthecomputercode（代碼）thatallowsamachinetodosomethingthat

normallyrequiresahumanbrain.OnTikTok,forinstance,AIsortsthepostssothatthefirstonesyouseearelikely

tobethoseyou'dprefer.ButbeforeanAIcandoanyofthat,developersmusttrainit.Andthetrainingconsumes

energy.

AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfbssil（化石）fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.Less

than25percentofAisuselow-carbonenergysourcessuchashydroelectricityandnuclearpowerduringtraining.In

fact,researchersnowworrythattraining'sappetiteforenergycouldsoonbecomeahugeproblem.Theenergyto

developAIcomesoutoftheelectricalnet.Andinmostpartsoftheworld,makingelectricityemits（升F放）carbon

dioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheair.

Language-processingAIsystemslearnbydevouring（吞食）textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude

“reading“everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeen

digitized.Suchdata-intensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.TotranslatebetweenEnglishandChinese,forexample,

anAImodelmaydealwithmillionsorevenbillionsoftranslatedbooksandarticles.Inthisway,itlearnswhich

wordsandphrasesmatch.Later,whengivenanewtext,itrecommendsitsowntranslation.

In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive

626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That'sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmerican

carsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.

Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Thesecomputer-filledbuildingsaccountforsome2

percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthe

threattheseenergygiantspose.

1.WhatisAItrainingmainlyenergizedby?

A.Fossilfuels.B.Solarenergy.C.Nuclearenergy.D.Greenhousegases.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthelanguage-processingAIsystems?

A.Theyprocesslimitedtexts.B.Theywillreplacetranslators.

C.Theyseldomreaddigitalbooks.D.Theyareenergy-consuming.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTransformerinparagraph4?

A.Tohighlightitssignificance.B.TospeakhighlyofAl'spower.

C.Todemonstrateresearchers5creativity.D.Tostressitseffectontheenvironment.

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.AFsdevelopmentposesathreattodatacenters.

B.TheenergyconsumptionofAIcan'tbeignored.

C.AIiseffectivelytransformingthewaywelearn.

D.Peopleshouldtakeactiontoreducegasemission.

【答案】l.A2.D3.D4,B

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人工智能（AI）訓練所消耗的能源問題。

1.細節理解題。根據第二段“AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfbssil（化石）fuels,accordingtooneofthelargest

studiesofitskind.（根據同類研究中規模最大的一項，人工智能訓練主要由化石燃料提供動力。戶可知，AI

訓練主要由化石燃料提供能量。故選A。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段“Language-processingAIsystemslearnbydevouring（吞食）textsinaparticular

language.Thismightinclude“reading-everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfull

ofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdata-intensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.（語言處理人工智能系統通

過大量“吞食”（即閱讀）特定語言的文本來進行學習。這可能包括“閱讀”某種語言下所有曾在網上發布過的內

容，以及已被數字化的滿載古老書籍的圖書館。這種數據密集型的訓練過程消耗了大量的能源。戶可知，語

言處理AI系統需要“吞食”大量的文本，這種數據密集型的訓練消耗了大量的能量。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據第四段“In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamed

Transformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.Thafsequaltothegreenhousegasesthat

wouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.（2019年，研究人員

計算了開發名為Transformer的人工智能模型的影響。它釋放了62.6萬磅的二氧化碳。這相當于五輛美國汽

車從制造到報廢所排放的溫室氣體總量。）”可知，作者提到Transformer是為了說明開發這個AI模型釋放了

大量的二氧化碳，即為了強調其對環境的影響。故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Thesecomputer-filled

buildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshave

soundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.（如今，大多數人工智能的開發都發生在數據中心。

這些布滿計算機的建筑約占美國電力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能專家對這些能源巨頭

構成的威脅發出了警報。）”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽視。故選B。

Passage2

[2025廣東省河源市高三畢業班下學期調研模擬測試（一）]

Withtherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,DeepSeek,aChineseAIcompany,hasemergedasa

pioneerineducationaltechnology.Itslatestmodel,DeepSeek-Rl,combinesadvancedmachinelearningmethodsto

providepersonalizedlearningsolutionsforstudentsworldwide.

UnliketraditionalAImodelsthatrelyonpre-programmedanswers,DeepSeek-Rlusesreinfbrcement（強化）

learningtosimulatehumanreasoning.Thisallowsittoguidestudentsthroughproblem-solvingstepbystep,much

likeapatienttutor.Forexample,whenastudentstruggleswithamathequation,DeepSeek-Rldoesn'tjustgivethe

answer;itbreaksdownthelogic,identifieserrors,andencouragescriticalthinking.

ThemodePsapplicationsextendbeyondacademics.Inlanguagelearning,itanalyzesstudents'pronunciation

throughAIspeechrecognitionandoffersreal-timefeedback.Forteachers,DeepSeek-Rlcangeneratelessonplans

alignedwithcurriculumstandardsandevenpredictstudents5learningdifficultiesbasedonhistoricaldata.Its

“adaptivetesting“featurecreatescustomizedquizzesthatadjustdifficultyaccordingtoindividualprogress.

However,challengesremain.Criticsarguethatover-relianceonAImightreducehumaninteractionin

education.DeepSeek'sdevelopersaddressthisbyemphasizingitsroleasa""supplement,notareplacement.^^AsDr.

Li,aDeepSeekresearcher,stated,“Ourgoalistofreeteachersfromrepetitivetaskssotheycanfocusoninspiring

creativity.^^

Lookingahead,DeepSeekaimstointegratevirtualreality（VR）intoitsplatform,allowingstudentsto

explorehistoricaleventsorscientificconceptsinimmersive3Denvironments.WhileethicaldebatesaboutAIin

educationpersist,onethingisclear:toolslikeDeepSeekarereshapinghowwelearn,blendingtechnologywith

humanwisdom.

1.WhatmakesDeepSeek-RldifferentfromtraditionalAImodels?

A.Itusespre-programmedanswers.

B.Itfocusesonmemorizationtechniques.

C.It