PAGEPAGE1二、文章或段落大意題(2024·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.語篇解讀文章主要講解并描述了美國加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇削減的現象，并分析了其緣由。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案A解析段落大意題。依據其次段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇削減的嚴峻性，故選A項。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol..petewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．”可知，大張旗鼓的森林防火措施雖然肯定程度上愛護了森林，但同時也導致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭搶資源，從而導致大樹數量削減，故選D項。29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre認為水資源短缺的主要緣由是漸漸上升的氣溫，故選C項。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析標題歸納題。依據全文可知，文章主要講解并描述了美國加州森林中大樹數量急劇下降的現象，并分析了其緣由。因此A項能很好地概括全文。一、題型解讀說明文、記敘文、爭論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類，都會考查文章大意類題。設問形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，詳細段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解詳細段落中心的基礎上的。找出每段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就須要進一步加工概括。視察全文的結構支配，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細微環節。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現在文首。開宗明義，提出主題，用細微環節來說明或拓展主題句所表達的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報道、說明文或爭論文通常采納這種寫法。(2)主題句出現在文末。在表述細微環節后，歸納要點以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結束時再次點出主題。(4)主題句出現在中間。寫作方式為：細微環節描述——歸納主題——進一步說明。以下是找主題句的四個小竅門：(2)首段出現疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。(4)表示總結或結論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。例如：【真題感悟】中第27題。依據其次段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇削減的嚴峻性，故選A項。A(2024·河北衡水中學押題卷二)Astheparentofa7-year-oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”．Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople-PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade-oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust-readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people-pleasers”．Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself-respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople-pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills.Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？It’sOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.語篇解讀在日常生活中，說“是”意味著讓自己接受新的體驗，迎接新的或更深層次的關系。但是，太多的“是”會讓我們感到焦慮、過分受約束、無力在生活中設定和維持界限。本文建議我們學會用主動的方式說“不”。1．WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1?A．Toblamehimself.B．Toshowhowtoguidekids.C．Totellhislikesanddislikes.D．Tohelprecommendabook.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據第一段最終一句“Buttoomuch‘yes’leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和其次段內容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的個人經驗是為了舉薦一本書。故選D。2．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A．Howtodealwitharequest.B．Whyaskersturntoothersforafavor.C．Whypeople-pleaserssay“yes”toooften.D．Howtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers.答案C解析段落大意題。依據第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife‘people-pleasers’．”和“Forpeople-pleasers，‘yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，’Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要談論的是“為什么取悅別人的人總是說‘是’”。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean?A．Occasions. B．Processes.C．Adventures. D．Stories.答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據倒數其次段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考慮了摯友、工作、家庭和哺育子女之間的關系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy‘no’skills.”(通過閱讀這些場景，我意識到他們有一些共同的事情，這些事情馬上起先幫助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知畫線詞的意思是“場合，場景”。故選A。4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A．Givenoresponsetoanydemand.B．Learntosay“no”inapositiveway.C．Keepopenallchannelsofcommunication.D．Say“yes”constantlywithoutfeelingguilty.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou?It’sOKiftheansweris‘no’，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建議我們學會用主動的方式說“不”。故選B。B(2024·山西高校附中模擬)BluePlanetⅡ’slatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic.Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwestilldon’treallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.Andit’snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster，worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon’tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodispose(處理)ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentaken3collectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了《藍色星球Ⅱ》的最新一集關注的是塑料如何對海洋產生災難性影響，如何漸漸毒害我們的海洋生物。探討人員最近還發覺，生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料沉沒了。5．Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?A．Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.B．Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.C．Theworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.D．Plasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據其次段內容可知，雖然現在看來，沒有塑料世界是不行能運轉的，但消費塑料卻是最近才獨創的。第一個塑料袋是在20世紀50年頭問世的，就在塑料包裝在美國起先流行的那十年里，塑料包裝的數量增長得如此之快，以至于科學仍在跟上這一改變。例如，塑料污染探討仍舊是一門特別早期的科學。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科學跟不上。故選D。6．HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?A．Bystatistics.B．Byquotationsfromleadingexperts.C．Byusingexamplesfromhisownexperience.D．Bycomparisonandcontrast.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第三段介紹：我們把全部這些塑料投入到環境中，但我們仍舊不知道會產生什么結果。然而，我們所知道的是令人擔心的。據估計，海洋塑料每年會殺死數百萬的海洋動物。據了解，包括瀕危生物在內的近700種物種已被證明受到影響。有三分之一的棱皮龜胃里都有塑料制品，它們常常把塑料袋誤認為水母。目前，90%的海鳥常常吃塑料制品。到2050年，這一數字有望上升到100%。由此可知，作者是通過統計的方法來支持自己的觀點的。故選A。7．Whatcanweinferaboutclimatechange?A．Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.B．Somepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange.C．Climatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution.D．Oceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認者),atleastsofar.(我可以理解為什么有些人把海洋塑料視為災難，這和氣候改變一樣值得提及。海洋塑料不像氣候改變那么困難。沒有海洋垃圾否認者，至少到目前為止是這樣)”可推知，有些人對氣候改變持懷疑看法。故選B。8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.B．Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.C．BluePlanetⅡhasleftviewersheartbroken.D．Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.答案B解析主旨大意題。文章介紹了塑料如何對海洋產生災難性影響，如何漸漸毒害我們的海洋生物。探討人員最近還發覺，生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料沉沒了，由此可知，文章大意講塑料充斥著海洋。故選B。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據句意揣測畫線部分的意思1．Partofmyjobistomaintainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.維持2．I’velookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandI’vefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令人困擾的(二)同義詞語替換4．Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextduringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often5．ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence(三)一詞多義6．picturen．圖片；照片v．想象，設想；描繪(1)Ican’tpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象(2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.圖片7．figuren．數字；體形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；圖形；人影v．計算；認為，估計(1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.數字(2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.計算(3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.認為(4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkness.n.人影(5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.體形，身材Ⅱ.長難句理解8．Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.[句式分析]本句為主從復合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞scenarios，inwhich相當于“where”。rangingfrom...為v.-ing短語作定語，修飾名詞reasons。[精致譯文]這本書供應了數百個場景的簡短對話，在這些場景中，“不”是正確的答案，說“不”的緣由包括時間管理、經濟壓力和情感邊界。9．Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.[句式分析]本句為并列句，由破折號連接。破折號之前的主干為Thingsthatmayseemordinary，like表示“例如”。破折號后面的主句為thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意義，有重大影響”；whentakencollectively事實上是狀語從句的省略，構成“連詞＋過去分詞”的結構。[精致譯文]看似一般的事情，比如運用可重復運用的瓶子或可重復運用的袋子——當大家都選擇這樣做時，那么就會對我們的環境有重大意義。強化練(十九)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·河南安陽二模)Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble-makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生態)healthy.YellowstoneNationalParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2024studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark.“Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互動)inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwe’dneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadn’tadoptedecological-processmanagement—allowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.”Afterthewolveswerere-introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtreesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer-wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse.Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators(捕食者)wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator-preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves.Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。探討表明，人類以及其他動物對狼的恐驚對維持健康、平衡的生態系統是有益的，其中黃石公園對狼的引進就是一個典型的例子。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Expect. B.Understand.C.Notice. D.Accept.答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黃石公園從狼群的重新引入中獲益，其方式出乎我們的意料。故選A。2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade?A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild.B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems.C.TorecordhowAaronWirsingobservedwolves.D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍攝紀錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對生態有益的。故選D。3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies.B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves.C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies.D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，這項探討再次證明白為什么愛護這些食肉動物不僅對狼這個物種很重要，而且對生態系統的各個層面的物種都很重要。故這項探討的意義在于它有助于證明愛護狼的重要性。故選B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems.B.Thefearofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing.C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves.D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess.答案A解析主旨大意題。本文主要講解并描述了人類以及其他動物對狼的恐驚對維持健康、平衡的生態系統是有益的。故選A。BIreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住戶)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonandahug.Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.It’samajorprobleminmanysocieties.That’swhyinter-generational(代際的)programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample，aretiredjudgemaybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw.Butitisn’tonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter-generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenperhapsgettingoldwon’tbesosadafterall.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照看的問題，使人們一箭雙雕從而滿足各自的須要。5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread?A.Toargueforanewconcept.B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.Todrawourattentiontoasocialproblem.答案C解析推理推斷題。分析整篇文章可知，文章是依據“社會現象的出現→分析這種社會現象產生的緣由→代際支配勝利的實例→這種社會現象產生的主動意義”的結構綻開的，因此可推斷作者提到他在報紙上讀到的那篇文章是為了介紹文章的主題，這樣才能引出文章的其他內容。故C選項正確。6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhyinter-generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld.B.Theinter-generationalprograms’benefitstoindividuals.C.Theinter-generationalprogramsallovertheworld.D.Theexamplesofinter-generationalactivities.答案D解析段落大意題。通讀第三段內容可知，世界各地都有代際支配勝利的例子。利用年輕人向老年人傳授IT技能就是一個明顯的例子。在學校里讓老人做志愿者是另一個例子。倫敦有一項勝利的支配，把年輕的志愿者和失明的老年人結對。例如，一個退休的法官可能與一個想學習法律的青少年結對。由此可知，該段主要介紹了代際活動的例子。故D選項正確。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoungB.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBornC.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoungD.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad答案A解析標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照看的問題，使人們一箭雙雕從而滿足各自的須要。所以短文是圍圍著“建立老年人和年輕人聯系的橋梁”綻開的。所以A選項“建立老年人和年輕人聯系的橋梁”為本文最佳標題。CCortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默認)identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhousethem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak.Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16-year-oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacationrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthat’sreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid.“Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonalizedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers.Also，people’svoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlastDecember.ThevoicecameeightyearsafterhedevelopedALS(肌萎縮側索硬化癥)andmorethansixyearssincehisvoicebecameunintelligibletoeveryoneexcepthiswifeandyoungestson.“Havingadistinctivevoiceislikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，”Johnsaid.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。VocaliD公司創建了“人類聲音銀行”HumanVoicebank，旨在利用志愿者的聲音和高科技幫助語言障礙者擁有自己獨特的聲音。8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthevoicebank?A.Itcollectsallkindsofvoices.B.Itgainsstrongpublicsupport.C.Ithelpstorecognizespecialvoices.D.Itofferspeoplepersonalizedvoicesfree.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據其次段第一句中的“Theefforttobuildaninternational‘HumanVoicebank’hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries...”可知，建立國際“人類聲音銀行”的努力已經吸引了來自110個國家的一萬七千多名志愿者，故可推知聲音銀行項目獲得了公眾的大力支持。9.TheexampleofJohnA.Gregoireisgiveninthetexttostress.A.customers’desireforpersonalizedvoicesB.VocaliD’seffortstodeveloppersonalizedvoicesC.customers’satisfactionwithpersonalizedvoicesD.VocaliD’ssuccessindesigningpersonalizedvoices答案C解析推理推斷題。依據第四段最終一句“Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.”和第五段最終一句“‘Havingadistinctivevoiceislikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，’Johnsaid.”可知，本文舉約翰的例子是為了證明顧客對收到的定制聲音感到滿足。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unintelligible”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Unclear. B.Soft.C.Incomplete. D.Rough.答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞前的“hedevelopedALS(肌萎縮側索硬化癥)”和文中的關鍵信息“peoplewithspeechdisorders”“peoplewhocannotspeak”“peoplewhoareunabletospeak”以及最終一段的內容可知，約翰由于患上了肌萎縮側索硬化癥，漸漸地丟失了清晰表達的實力，他的聲音除了他的妻子和最小的兒子以外，其他人都聽不懂。故此處畫線詞與A項的意思最為接近。11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.VocaliDisdevotedtobuildingavoicebank.B.VolunteersdonatetheirvoicestoVocaliD.C.TheHumanVoicebankhelpspeoplewithspeechproblems.D.TheHumanVoicebankwinsfameamongspeechlesspeople.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了VocaliD公司創建的“人類聲音銀行”，其主要利用志愿者的聲音和高科技幫助語言障礙者擁有自己獨特的聲音，故選C項。Ⅱ.七選五(