對接焊縫的識圖構造IdentificationandConstructionofButtWelds鋼結構的基本連接方式焊接連接螺栓連接對接焊縫角焊縫普通螺栓連接高強螺栓連接BasicconnectionmodeofsteelstructureButtweldFilletweldPlainboltedconnectionHighstrengthboltedconnectionWeldedjointBoltedconnection構造簡單，任何形式的構件都可直接相連；現場安裝焊接用料經濟，不削弱截面；制作加工方便，可實現自動化操作；連接的密閉性好，結構剛度大。（一）焊縫連接優點(1)AdvantagesofweldconnectionSimplestructure,anyformofcomponentscanbedirectlyconnected;Materialeconomy,doesnotweakenthesection;Convenientproductionandprocessing,canrealizeautomaticoperation;Thetightnessoftheconnectionisgoodandthestiffnessofthestructureislarge.Fieldinstallationwelding（二）常用的焊縫施焊的方法焊條電弧焊（主要采用）埋弧焊(2)CommonweldingmethodsElectrodearcwelding(mainlyused)Submergedarcwelding（二）常用的焊縫施焊的方法焊條電弧焊（主要采用）埋弧焊氬弧焊氣焊ArgonarcweldingGaswelding(2)Commonweldingmethods（二）常用的焊縫施焊的方法氬弧焊氣焊電阻焊激光焊(2)CommonweldingmethodsResistanceweldingLaserweldingArgonarcweldingGaswelding平焊橫焊立焊仰焊質量好質量一般質量差（三）焊縫施焊的位置電阻焊(3)PositionofweldingseamFlatweldingCrossweldingVerticalweldingInvertweldingGoodqualityAveragequalityPoorqualityResistancewelding施焊常見位置（三）焊縫施焊的位置InvertweldingInvertweldingCrossweldingVerticalweldingVerticalweldingInvertweldingFlatweldingCrossweldingCrossweldingCommonlocationsforwelding對接焊縫角焊縫（四）按受力特性不同分類焊縫連接(4)AccordingtothemechanicalcharacteristicsofdifferentclassificationWeldjointButtweldFilletweld對接焊縫（一）對接焊縫的坡口形式Buttweld(1)Grooveformofbuttweld當焊件厚度較薄

(手工焊t≤6mm,埋弧焊t≤10mm）時采用直邊縫。直邊縫（一）對接焊縫的坡口形式(1)GrooveformofbuttweldWhenthesolderthicknessisthin,straightedgeseamisused(Manualweldingt≤6mm,submergedarcweldingt≤10mm)Straightseam焊件厚度t≤20mm時，采用具有斜坡口的單邊V形和V形：b——兩塊鋼板焊接間距；p——未開坡口的長度;ɑ——開坡角度。有斜坡口的單邊V形對接焊縫帶鈍邊的V形對接焊縫（一）對接焊縫的坡口形式(1)GrooveformofbuttweldWhenthethicknessofthesoldert≤20mm,unilateralVshapeandVshapewithslopemouthareusedWeldingdistancebetweentwosteelplatesLengthofopengrooveAngleofopeningSingleVbuttweldwithslopedopening`V-buttweldwithbluntedge焊件厚度較厚(t≥20mm）帶鈍邊的U形對接焊縫（一）對接焊縫的坡口形式X形坡口K形坡口(1)GrooveformofbuttweldThicknessofweldedpartsisthick(t≥20mm)U-buttweldwithbluntedgeXgrooveKgroove對接焊縫坡口形式的選用，可根據板厚和施工條件參照《鋼結構焊接規范》的要求進行。（一）對接焊縫的坡口形式Theselectionofbuttweldgrooveformcanbecarriedoutaccordingtotheplatethicknessandconstructionconditionswithreferencetotherequirementsof"SteelstructureweldingCode".(1)Grooveformofbuttweld對接焊縫按照作用力的方向與焊縫長度的相對位置劃分為以下兩種。正對接焊縫斜對接焊縫（二）對接焊縫與作用力的關系(2)TherelationshipbetweenbuttweldandappliedforceButtweldsaredividedintothefollowingtwotypesaccordingtothedirectionoftheappliedforceandtherelativepositionoftheweldlength.PositivebuttweldObliquebuttweld部分焊透的對接焊縫焊透的對接焊縫對接焊縫按照焊縫焊透與否（三）對接焊縫是否焊透(3)WhetherthebuttweldisweldedthroughThebuttweldshallbeweldedthoroughlyornotWeldedbuttweldPartiallypenetratedbuttweldV形坡口單邊V形坡口U形坡口J形坡口K形坡口（三）對接焊縫是否焊透部分焊透的對接焊縫部分焊透的對接焊縫主要起聯系作用，用于一些受力較小的連接處(3)WhetherthebuttweldisweldedthroughPartiallypenetratedbuttweldPartiallypenetratedbuttweldsmainlyplayaconnectionrole,usedforsomejointswithlessstressVgrooveSingleVgrooveU-shapedgrooveJ-grooveK-groove（四）對接焊縫的符號帶墊板的H形對接焊縫焊縫符號一般由基本符號及指引線組成，必要時加上補充符號和焊縫尺寸。(4)SymbolofbuttweldTheweldsymbolsgenerallyconsistofbasicsymbolsandguidelines,withsupplementarysymbolsandwelddimensionsifnecessary.HbuttweldwithbackingplateGuidelineBasicsymbol（四）對接焊縫的符號(4)SymbolofbuttweldI-weldV-weldSingleVweldorororornamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstanceSingleVweldwithbluntedge（四）對接焊縫的符號(4)SymbolofbuttweldI-weldV-weldSingleVweldororororSingleVweldwithbluntedgenamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstance（四）對接焊縫的符號當引出線的箭頭指向焊縫所在一面時，應將基本符號和焊縫尺寸標注在水平橫線的上方。(4)SymbolofbuttweldI-weldV-weldSingleVweldwithbluntedgeororororWhenthearrowoftheleadlinepointstothesideoftheweld,thebasicsymbolandwelddimensionshallbemarkedabovethehorizontalline.SingleVweldnamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstance（四）對接焊縫的符號當箭頭指向焊縫所在另一面時，應將基本符號和焊縫尺寸標注在水平橫線的下方。(4)SymbolofbuttweldI-weldV-weldSingleVweldWhenthearrowoftheleadlinepointstothesideoftheweld,thebasicsymbolandwelddimensionshallbemarkedabovethehorizontalline.SingleVweldwithbluntedgeorororornamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstance（四）對接焊縫的符號當箭頭指向焊縫所在另一面時，應將基本符號和焊縫尺寸標注在水平橫線的下方。(4)SymbolofbuttweldI-weldV-weldSingleVweldwithbluntedgeSingleVweldWhenthearrowoftheleadlinepointstothesideoftheweld,thebasicsymbolandwelddimensionshallbemarkedabovethehorizontalline.orororornamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstance（四）對接焊縫的符號當箭頭指向焊縫所在另一面時，應將基本符號和焊縫尺寸標注在水平橫線的下方。(4)SymbolofbuttweldSingleVweldwithbluntedgeFilletweldSpotweldororornamesymbolSchematicdiagramAnnotatedinstance（四）對接焊縫的符號支座板詳圖單邊V形焊縫(4)SymbolofbuttweldSingleVweldSupportplate-20*300*300plate-20*300*300Backingplate-12*60*60EmbeddedplateDetaileddrawingofsupportplate在對接焊縫的拼接時：當焊件的寬度不同或者厚度在一側相差超過4mm時；（五）對接焊縫的構造不同板厚的對接連接承受動載，應分別在寬度或厚度方向從一側或兩側做成坡度≤1：2.5的斜坡，以使截面過渡平緩，減小應力集中。a、改變寬度b、改變厚度(5)StructureofbuttweldWhenstitchingbuttwelds:Whenthewidthoftheweldingpartsisdifferentorthethicknessdifferenceononesideismorethan4mm;Buttconnectionswithdifferentplatethicknessesunderdynamicloadshouldbemadeintoslopeswithslope≤1:2.5fromonesideorbothsidesinthedirectionofwidthorthickness,respectively,soastosmooththetransitionofsectionandreducestressconcentration.A.ChangethewidthStressconcentration.B.Changethethickness在對接焊縫起滅弧處常會出現弧坑等缺陷，對承載力影響很大，施焊時一般應設置引弧板和引出板，焊后將它割除。（五）對接焊縫的構造(5)StructureofbuttweldThereareoftenarcpitsandotherdefectsinthebuttweldarcextinguishingplace,whichhasagreatimpactonthebearingcapacity.Whenwelding,thearcplateandtheleadingplateshouldbesetup,anditwillbecutoffafterwelding.Arcstartingplate要求等強的對接焊縫均應設。（五）對接焊縫的構造有引弧板和引出板對接焊縫(5)StructureofbuttweldButtweldsofequalstrengthshallbeprovided.Therearearcplateandoutletplatebuttweld承受靜力荷載的結構，當設置有困難時可以不設，但其焊縫的計算長度

lw＝b－2t（較小板厚）（五）對接焊縫的構造無引弧板和引出板對接焊縫(