試題PAGE1試題2024北京豐臺(tái)高二（下）期中英語（A卷）考試時(shí)間：90分鐘第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewlesstrustingandquitted1anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn’tfinishhomework,Ineveraskedwhy.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe2IthoughtIwanted.Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme.“CouldItalktoyou?”heasked3.“Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’m4becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”Hethenlookedupatmeforthefirsttime.“It’sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.Often,theycryalot,andit’shardformeto5...”Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe6.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”Henoddedhard.Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery7:·Thepowercompany8ourlightsbecausewecouldn’tpaythebill.·Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.·Wedon’thaveanypaperinthehouse.Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare9.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”10betterthan“Noexcuse!”1.A.accepting B.finding C.inventing D.offering2.A.experience B.benefit C.reputation D.praise3.A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously D.eagerly4.A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak5.A.behave B.struggle C.compete D.concentrate6.A.thought B.tune C.process D.question7.A.moving B.real C.cool D.complex8.A.brokedown B.putout C.cutoff D.shutout9.A.disciplined B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive10.A.works B.feels C.understands D.controls第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AEmotionalintelligenceistheability11(understand),useandmanageyourownemotionsinpositivewaystorelievestress,communicateeffectively.Emotionalintelligencehelpsyoubuildstrongerrelationships,succeedatschoolandwork,andachieveyourcareerandpersonalgoals.Itcanalsohelpyoutoconnect12yourfeelings,turnintentionintoaction,andmakegooddecisions13(base)ondefiniteknowledgeorinformation.BForcenturies,people14(express)theirdeepfeelingtotheirlovedonesintheformofpoetry.Poemsaboutnature,15expressthepoet’sappreciationofthebeautyintheworld,arealsocommon.16(sad),manypoemshavealsobeenwrittentoexpressangeratthedestructionofnatureandreactionstohorrificeventslikewaranddeath.CAfterearningamaster’sdegreein2016,HuangWenxiureturnedtoBaise,herhometown,insteadof17(seek)acareerinBeijing.“Icomefromaremotemountainousvillage.Quiteanumberoffolks18(struggle)withpovertythere,soallIwishistodomyparttoimprovetheirlives,”sheoncesaid.Sheinvitedexpertstotellthevillagers19theycouldimproveproduction.Shepersuadedthevillagerstoexpandtheplantingarea.Meanwhile,somevillagers20(encourage)tostarte-commercesales.418peoplefrom88householdswereoutofpovertythankstoherefforts.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，共38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.Academiclmmersion(AlM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm’sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTermAGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose_________.HighSchoolHonorsAcademicImmersionSummerChallengeSummerPreviewAccordingtothepassage,studentscan_________.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreviewgainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMearncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengegetatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsWhat’sAmandaNelson’spurposeinwritingtheletter?Toevaluateasummercamp.Topromotepre-collegeprograms.Torecommenduniversitycourses.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI’mslowlyploddingalong,andthat’sgoodenough.24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe_________.A.hadtostopworkingout B.becamephysicallywornoutC.feltasharppaininthelegs D.lostthedataonthewatch25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas_________.A.afunhobbyforenjoyment B.astrongneedforrecognitionC.awayofbeingabetterrunner D.amethodofescapingpunishment26.Whatdoes“beingbetter”meantotheauthornow?A.Improvingheroverallwell-being. B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks. D.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Passionisthekeytosuccess. B.Successequalsself-improvement.C.Sportscontributetohappiness. D.Adjustmentbringshappiness.CVastnumbersofcopyrightedbooksappeartohavebeenmemorizedbyChatGPTanditssuccessorGPT-4,posingquestionsaboutthelegalityofhowtheselargelanguagemodels(LLMs)arecreated.BothartificialintelligencesweredevelopedbyprivatefirmOpenAIandtrainedonhugeamountsofdata,butwhichtextsmakeupthistrainingdataisunknown.Tofindoutmore,DavidBammanattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleagueslookedatwhethertheAIswereabletofillinmissingdetailsfromaselectionofalmost600fictionbooks,drawnfromsourcessuchasnominees(被提名者)forthePulitzerprize,andTheNewYorkTimes’sbestsellerslistsoverthesametimeperiod.Theteampicked100passagesfromeachbookthatcontainedasingle,namedcharacter.TheresearchersthenblankedoutthenameandaskedtheAItofillitin.ThistaskwasdesignedtoexposeiftheAIscouldreturntheexactrightanswer.“Itreallyrequiresknowledgeoftheunderlyingmaterialinordertobeabletogetthenameright,”saysBamman.BothAIscompletedthetaskwithhighaccuracy—asmuchas98percentforpassagesfromLewisCarroll’s1865bookAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland—whichisoutofcopyright—and76percentforJ.K.Rowling’sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher’sStone,whichisnot.TheresearcherssaythissuggeststheAIsweretrainedonsignificantproportionsofbothbooks.TheseAIsdon’tproduceanexactduplicateofatextinthesamewayasaphotocopier,whichisaclearerexampleofcopyrightinfringement.“ChatGPTcanrecitepartsofabookbecauseithasseenitthousandsoftimes,”saysAndresGuadamuzattheUniversityofSussex,UK.“Themodelconsistsofstatisticalfrequencyofwords.It’snotreproductioninthecopyrightsense.”“Theuseofcopyrightworkswithoutpermissionintrainingdatasetsforlargelanguageorimagemodelshasalreadyemergedasoneofthemostpressinglegalchallengestothisnovelindustry,”saysLilianEdwardsatNewcastleUniversity,UK.Bammansaysthat,ultimately,thelegalsystemineachcountrywillhavetodeterminewhetherLLMsareinfringing（侵犯）copyrights.“Ithinkthat’sanopenquestionthatalotofcourtcasesaregoingtodecideforusinthecomingmonths,”hesays.Regulationisalsolikelytoplayakeyrole:theEuropeanUnion’sArtificialIntelligenceAct,whichhasbeentwoyearsinthemaking,willincludearequirementthatcompaniesmakinggenerativeAItoolsneedtodiscloseanycopyrightedmaterialusedtotraintheirmodels.Thatwasalatechange,addedtothedraftlawinApril,accordingtoReuter.Bammanandhiscolleaguesdesignedthetaskto_________.comparetheaccuracyrateofChatGPTandGPT-4testtherangeofknowledgeofChatGPTandGPT-4showhowChatGPTandGPT-4memorizemanybookscheckwhatChatGPTandGPT-4’strainingdataconsistof29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.AIsweretrainedmoreoncopyrightedworksthanthoseoutofcopyright.B.GuadamuzthinkswhatAIshavedoneisakindofcopyrightinfringement.C.AIcompaniesneedtouncovercopyrightedmaterialsusedastrainingdata.D.Thepermissionfortheuseofcopyrightworksbecomesalegalchallenge.30.Thepassageismainlyabout_________A.ThetrainingprocessofAIs.B.ThelegaluncertaintyofAIs.C.ThefutureregulationofAIs.D.ThetrainingmaterialsofAIs.DAfewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconveyinformationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模擬的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.False. B.Accurate. C.Distant. D.Original.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory.B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.C.Theconventionalinsightofreality.D.Theexistenceofthematerialworld.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.B.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.C.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.D.Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat_________.A.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleoneB.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldC.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryD.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomed第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.35Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen’saffect—especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.36Moreover,researchsuggeststhataperson’saffectisrelativelystableovertime,especiallybythetimeonereachesadulthood.Affectistypicallydescribedintermsofbeingeitherpositiveornegative,anditseemsthatpositiveaffect,inparticular,isrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialoutcomesinadulthood.Insupportofthiscrucialrolethatpositiveaffecthasindevelopment,astudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVirginiafollowedteenagersandyoungadultsfromages14to25,allowingthemtounderstandthepredictivepowerofpositiveaffectacrossthecriticaldevelopmentalperiodfromadolescencetoyoungadulthood.37Forexample,teenswithahigherpositiveaffectreportedhadastronger,healthierattachmenttotheirfriends.38Positiveaffectalsopredictedincreasedself-worthandjobcompetence,suggestingthat,overall,positiveaffectseemstobeakeypredictorofyoungadultsuccessacrossseveralimportantareasoffunctioning.Butwhatabouttheeffectsofnegativeaffect?Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhethernegativeaffectwouldpredictproblemsinyoungadulthood.39Thus,theimportanttakeawayisthatadolescentpositiveaffectmayhavepowerfullinkstoimportantlifeoutcomesinthedomainsofpersonalwell-being,career,andsocialrelationshipsuptoadecadelater.Sohowcanparentshelptheirchildrengraspthemeaningofpositiveaffect?Affectiveresponsestoeventstypicallyhappenautomatically.Interestingly,theresultssuggestedthatpositiveaffectmaygobeyondhelpingteensbuildpositiverelationships.Butwhatfactorshelpproducetheseoutcomesasteensmovefromadolescencetoadulthood?Thisstudyfoundthatpositiveaffectwasstronglypredictiveoflifeoutcomesinyoungadulthood,suchasdevelopingbetterfriendships.Theresultsuncoveredthatnegativeaffectmightaccountformanylifeproblemswhenateenagerbecameayoungadult.Unlikepositiveaffect,havinggreaternegativeaffectdidnothaveanysignificantassociationswithanyofthelaterlifeoutcomes.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，共32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英語回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Engaginginmeaningfulconversationswithothersstrengthenssocialbondsandboostswell—beingfarmorethansmalltalkdoes.Yetmanypeoplefearorevenactivelyavoidintimate(親密的)conversations,especiallywiththosetheydon’tknowwell.Whyarewesounwillingtoengageinanactivitythatcouldbenefitussoacutely?Accordingtonewresearch,itmaybeduetomiscalculatedexpectations,andchangingthemcouldfosterdeeperconnections.InaseriesofstudiespublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,participantseitherengagedin“shallow”conversations(speaking,forexample,abouttheirsleepscheduleorhowoftentheygethaircuts)or“deep”discussions(coveringembarrassingmomentsorwhatthey’regratefulfor).Beforechatting,theypredictedhowawkwardanduncomfortabletheconversationwouldbe,howclosetheywouldfeeltotheirconversationpartnerafterward,andhowmuchtheywouldenjoytheinteraction.Participantswhoconsistentlyoverestimatedtheawkwardnessoftheconversationsalsogreatlyunderestimatedhowmuchthey’denjoythemoreintimateconversations,aswellashowclosethey’dfeeltotheirpartner.Thenoticeabledifferencebetweenparticipants’expectationsandtheiractualexperienceseemedrootedintheassumptionthatconversationpartnerswouldn’tcareaboutthedetailsoftheirlives.“Weunderestimate,essentially,howsocialothersare,”explainsstudyauthorNicholasEpley,apsychologistattheUniversityofChicago.Suchanassumptioncouldbeabarriertoformingdeeperconnectionswithothers,Epleybelieves.Yetparticipantsappearedabletocourse-correct.Whentheyweretoldaheadoftimethatit’scommontounderestimatehowmuchstrangerscareabouteachother,theyvoluntarilysteeredthetalksintodeeperdirections,potentiallyreapingthebenefitsofdoingso.Asinglereminderlikelyisn’tenoughtopermanentlychangemiscalculatedassumptions,Epleywarns.Butmakingtheefforttoengageinjustafewpositiveinteractionscouldhelpsomeonementallyreset.“Afterhavingameaningfulconversation,peopleusuallywanttohaveanotherone,”hesays.“Butyoucanlearnonlyfromexperiencesthatyouhave,”headds.“Ifyouthinkitwillbeunpleasanttotalktosomeoneandthereforenevertry,you’llneverfindoutthatyouwerewrong.”Whyarepeopleunwillingtogetinvolvedinintimateconversations?Whatcouldstoppeopleformingdeeperconnectionswithothers?Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Asingleremindercanpermanentlychangeourassumptions,butwestillneedtoengageinpositiveinteractionstohelpusmentallyreset.Doyouprefertohavea“shallow”conversationora“deep”discussionwithstrangers?Andgiveyourreasons.(Inabout40words)書面表達(dá)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華，最近收到英國筆友Jim的郵件。在郵件中，他提到在學(xué)習(xí)三年中文后，他想通過閱讀中文小說進(jìn)一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推薦一部適合他閱讀的小說。回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容須包括：1.推薦的小說；2.推薦的理由。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________