25Hz軌道電路組成和工作原理天津鐵道職業技術學院鐵路信號基礎設備維護25kvRegionalpowergridTractionsubstationOverheadcontactsystemPantographLocomotive25kv鋼軌接觸網牽引變電所

送電端受電端牽引電流軌道電路電流問題1：牽引電流和軌道電流都通過鋼軌傳遞，如何互不干擾？問題2：牽引電流如何越過絕緣節？trackoverheadcontactsystemtractionsubstaionPowertransmissionendReceivingendTractioncurrentTrackcircuitcurrentQuestion1:boththetractioncurrentandtrackcircuithavetoflowinthetrack,howtomakethemworkreliablyandnotaffecteachother?Question2:whenthetractioncurrentmeetsinsulationjoint,howtoletitpassthejointand

flowsmoothly?牽引電流大小相等，上、下部線圈匝數相同，因此產生的磁通方向相反，總磁通等于零,對次級線圈的信號設備沒有影響。相鄰區段的信號電流，在兩軛流變壓器初級線圈中點處電位相等，信號電流不會越過絕緣節流向另一區段，而流回本區段，在次級感應出信號電流。扼流變壓器信號設備

扼流變壓器對牽引電流阻抗很小，通過其上部和下部線圈、中心線流向相鄰軌道電路，這樣，牽引電流就越過了絕緣節。Whentheamountoftractioncurrentisthesameandthecoilturnsisthesame,thedirectionofthefluxgeneratedisintheoppositedirection,sothefluxgeneratedisopposite,thetotalfluxiszero,itdoesnotaffectthesecondaryequipment.Atthemiddlepointofthechoketransformer,theelectricpotentialisthesame.thesignalequipmentisconnectedatthesecondarysideofthechoketransformer,sowhenthetractioncurrentinthetwotrackisthesame,itwillnotaffectthesignalequipmentChoketransformerSignalequipmentTheinsulationjointisusedtoseparateadjacenttrackcircuits,butinelectrifiedsection,tractioncurrenthastopassthejoint,weadoptthechoketransformer.I1I2當I1≠I2時，牽引電流不平衡，即當△I=I1－I2存在時,扼流變壓器一次側產生的磁通不能相互抵消，在次級產生感應電壓，直接侵入軌道電路。扼流變壓器I1I2WhenI1≠I2，thetractioncurrentisunbalanced,thatiswhen△I=I1-I2exists,thefluxoftheprimarycannotcounteract,atthesecondaryinducedvoltageisformedwhichaffectstrackcircuitdirectly.Inthiscase,ACtwoelementtwopositionrelayisappliedinthetrackcircuit.Weknowthatwhen50Hztractioncurrentisappliedtotrackcoil,inacycle,thetorquegeneratediszerowhichwillnotdrivethewingboardtooperate,thusavoidstheinterference.Choketransformer中間連接板扼流變壓器扼流變壓器ConnectionboardChoketransformerInsideofchoketransformerChoketransformerChoketransformer

97型25Hz軌道電路特點1.鋼軌牽引引接線采取焊接式，減少接觸電阻，提高了軌道電路絕緣破損防護性能。2.25Hz軌道電路采取綜合治理的方式，使系統抗干擾能力大大提高。3.將連向鋼軌的扼流變壓器一長一短引接線設計成等阻線，降低牽引電流歸系統的不平衡系數。4.97型25Hz相敏軌道電路優化了二元二位繼電器設計和提高工藝設計水平，具有可靠的相位選擇性和頻率選擇性，抗干擾性能強，便于實現電碼化。

Featuresof25HztrackcircuitforType971.Railtractionwiringadoptsweldedmodetoreducecontactresistanceandimprovetheinsulationdamageprotectionperformanceoftrackcircuit.2.25Hztrackcircuitadoptsintegratedcontroltogreatlyimprovethesystemanti-interferencecapability.3.Thelongandshortconnectionlineofthechoketransformerconnectedtotherailtoisdesignedastheequalimpedancetoreducetheimbalancecoefficientofthetractioncurrent.4.25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitforType97optimizesthedesignoftwoelementtwopositionrelayandimprovesthecraftworkdesignlevel,withreliablephaseandfrequencyselectivity,stronginterferencepermanenceandeasydecoding.25Hz軌道電路組成97型25Hz相敏軌道電路主要由送電端軌道變壓器、送電端扼流變壓器、鋼軌線路、鋼軌絕緣、受電端軌道變壓器、受電端扼流變壓器、防護盒、二元二位繼電器等組成Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitfortype97ismainlycomposedoftracktransformerandchoketransformerinpowertransmissionend,trackline,trackinsulation,tracktransformerandchoketransformerinpowerreceivingend,protectivebox,twoelementtwopositionrelayetc.25Hz軌道電路組成1.送電端設備送電端設備包括：室內軌道電源、1A保險、軌道變壓器BG25、限流電阻、10A保險、扼流變壓器BE25。（1）室內軌道電源：給25Hz軌道電路供電。（2）1A保險：用于保護220V電源。（3）送端軌道變壓器BG25：接設備的是Ⅱ次側，接電源的是Ⅰ次側；調整變壓器Ⅱ次側端子，軌道繼電器正常工作。（4）限流電阻：保護電源不致因為負荷而損壞，同時保證列車占用軌道電路時，軌道繼電器可靠落下，應注意送端限流電阻固定使用，不允許調整。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipmentPowertransmissionequipmentincludes:indoortrackpowersupply,fuseof1A,tracktransformerBG25,currentlimitresistance,fuseof10A,andchoketransformerBE25.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(1)Indoortrackpowersupply:providepowersupplyto25Hztrackcircuit.(2)Fuseof1A:protect220Vpowersupply.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(3)TracktransformerBG25:thesecondaryconnectswiththeequipment,theprimaryconnectswithpowersupply.Regulateterminalsofthetransformerandtrackrelayworksnormally.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(4)Currentlimitresistance:protectthepowersupplyfrombeingdamagedastheloadistoosmall,andensurethatwhenthetrainoccupiesthetrackcircuit,thetrackrelayfallsreliably.Note:thecurrentlimitresistanceisfixedatthepowertransmissionend,andnoadjustment.25Hz軌道電路組成1.送電端設備（5）10A保險：用于分級防護，保護器材，為了防止25Hz相敏軌道電路受瞬間牽引沖擊電流的干擾，能安全渡過牽引電流浪涌的沖擊。（6）扼流變壓器BE25：①扼流變壓器用于電氣化區段，用來溝通牽引回流，為了解決牽引不平衡增加適配變壓器（電感和電容構成）。②牽引圈和信號圈的變比是1:3，其中牽引圈是8+8共計16匝，信號圈是48匝。③送端是降壓，受端是升壓。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(5)Fuseof10Aisusedtoprotectequipmentbydifferentlevels,topreventtheinterferenceofinstantaneousimpactfromtractioncurrentof25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuit,whichcanprotecttheequipmentfromdamagedbyimpactoftractioncurrentsurge.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(6)ChoketransformerBE25:①Thechoketransformerisusedfortheelectrifiedsectiontocommunicatethetractionreturncurrent.Adaptivetransformerisincreasedtosolvetheproblemofimbalancedtractioncurrent.②Theratioofthetractioncoilandthesignalcoilis1:3,wheretheturnsoftractioncoilis8+8withatotalof16turnsandthesignalcoilis48turns.

③Atthetransmissionenditisstep-down,whileforreceivingendisstep-up.25Hz軌道電路組成（2）受電端設備受電端設備包括：扼流變壓器BE25、10A保險、軌道變壓器BG25、防雷補償器FB、防護盒HF、25Hz軌道繼電器GJ（JRJC1-70/240）、局部電源。（1）扼流變壓器BE25：同送端扼流變壓器BE25，用于升壓。（2）10A保險：同送端。（3）軌道變壓器BG25：（設備同送端）接設備的是Ⅱ次側，接電纜的是Ⅰ次側。保證軌道繼電器正常工作。受端軌道變壓器固定使用。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)ReceivingequipmentReceivingequipmentincludes:choketransformerBE25,fuseof10A,tracktransformerBG25,therectifiedseleniumreactorZ,ProtectiveBoxHF,trackRelayGJ(JRJC1-70/240)andlocalpowersupply.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment①ChoketransformerBE25:itsfunctionisthesameasthatinpowertransmissionend,whichisusedforstep-up.②Fuseof10Athefunctionisthesameasthatinpowertransmissionend.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment③TracktransformerBG25:(equipmentisthesameaspowertransmissionend)thesecondaryterminalsareusedtoconnectequipment,theprimaryterminalsareusedtoconnectcablesidewhichensuresthenormaloperationofthetrackrelay.Theratioofthetransformerisfixed.25Hz軌道電路組成（2）受電端設備（4）防雷補償器FB：電容用來提高局部線圈電路的功率因數，以減小變頻器輸出電流；整流硒堆用于鋼軌不平衡牽引電流較大時作為二級防護。（5）防護盒HF：由電感、電容串聯而成，對50Hz牽引電流：呈串聯諧振，相當于15Ω電阻，以抑制干擾電流；對25Hz信號電流：相當于16μF電容，起補償和減小相移作用。（6）25Hz軌道繼電器GJ：1、2線圈110V局部電源；3、4線圈軌道電路電源。用于表示軌道電路情況，吸起表示空閑，落下表示占用。（7）局部電源：為軌道繼電器的局部線圈（1、2）提供110V/25Hz局部電壓，由室內電源屏供電。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)ReceivingequipmentLightningprotectionequipment:thecapacitorisusedtoimprovethepowerfactorofthelocalcoilcircuit;therectifiedseleniumreactorisusedasthesecondlevelprotectionwhentheunbalancedtractioncurrentofthetrackislarge.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(5)TheprotectiveboxHF:isformedbyinductanceandcapacitanceinserial,for50Hztractioncurrent:itshowsseriesresonantwhichisequivalentto15Ωresistancethustoinhibitinterferencecurrent;to25Hzsignalcurrentwhichisequivalentto16μFcapacitancethustocompensateandreducephaseshift.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(6)TrackrelayGJ:coils1,2connctwithlocalpowersupply110V;coils3,4connectwithtrackpowersupply,whichisusedtoindicatethetrackcircuitsituation,energizedmeansthetrackcircuitisfree,whilefallsmeansoccupation.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(7)Localpowersupply:provide110V/25Hzlocalpowersupplyforlocalcoil(1,2)ofthetrackrelay,powerbytheindoorpowersupplypanel.25Hz相敏軌道電路的電氣特性調整狀態時，軌道繼電器軌道線圈上的有效電壓應不小于18V，即高于軌道繼電器工作值（15V）的20%，以保證繼電器可靠吸起。用0.06?標準分路電阻線，在軌道電路送、受電端軌面任一處分路時，軌道繼電器端電壓（分路殘壓）應不大于7.4V，而軌道繼電器的釋放值是8.6V，留有一定余量，以保證前接點可靠斷開。ElectricalperformanceUnderregulatedstate,theeffectivevoltageacrossthetrackrelaycoilshallbenotlessthan18V,thatis20%abovetheworkingvalueoftrackrelay(15V)toensuretherelayenergizedreliably.Withthestandardshuntingresistancelineof0.06Ω,shuntthetrackcircuitatanypointattransmissionterminalandreceivingterminal,trackrelayterminalvoltage(residualvoltage)shallnotbegreaterthan7.4V,whilethereleasevalueoftrackrelayis8.6V,toensurethereliabledisconnectionofthefrontcontact.25Hz相敏軌道電路的技術要求1.適用于鋼軌連續牽引總電流不大于800A、不平衡電流不大于60A的交流電氣化區段的站內和預告區段的軌道電路。2.不設扼流變壓器時，也可用于電氣化區段內無電力機車行駛和非電氣化區段的站內和預告區段的軌道電路。3.電源應采用集中調相方式。4.在最不利條件下，軌道繼電器軌道線圈上的電壓應不大于50V，調整和分路時的有效電壓分別為不小于15V和不大于7.4V。Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

1.ItissuitablefortrackcircuitsofstationandapproachsectionsofACelectrifiedsectionswithtotalcontinuoustractioncurrentofnomorethan800Aandunbalancedcurrentofnomorethan60A.2.Whenchoketransformerisnotset,itcanalsobeusedfortrackcircuitswithoutelectriclocomotiverunningandstationandapproachsectionsinnon-electrifiedsections.3.Thepowersupplyshallbeinacentralizedphaseadjustmentmode.25Hz相敏軌道電路的技術要求5.在頻率為50Hz、電源電壓為160-260V范圍內、鋼軌阻抗不大于0.62∠42°km/Ω、道碴最小電阻不小于0.6Ω·km，在極限長度范圍內，能可靠地滿足調整和分路的要求，并能實現一次調整。6.單受的軌道電路若不帶無受電分支和為增設非軌道電路用的扼流變壓器時，極限長度為：帶雙扼流變壓器和無扼流變壓器的軌道電路均為1.5km。7.一送多受的軌道電路，以標準的0.06Ω分路電阻在區段內任意點分路時，保證至少有一個軌道繼電器可靠落下。8.每段軌道電路最多可設四個扼流變壓器（包括空扼流變壓器）。9.在無迂回回路的條件下，任何故障均有可靠的分路檢查。Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

4.Undertheworstconditions,thevoltageontrackcoiloftrackrelayshallbenomorethan50V,theeffectivevoltageofregulatedstateandshuntedstateshallbenolessthan15Vandnomorethan7.4V.5.Withintherangeof50Hz,powersupplyvoltageof160-260V,railimpedancenotmorethan0.62∠42°km/Ω,minimumballastresistancenotlessthan0.6Ω·km,inthelimitlengthrange,trackcircuitcanmeettherequirementsofregulatedstateandshuntedstatewhichcanachieveonceadjustment.6.Trackcircuitwithonefeedendandonereceivingendwithdoublechoketransformersandnochoketransformer,thelimitlengthcanreach1.5km.7.Fortrackcircuitwithonetransmissionendandseveralreceivingends,withthestandard0.06Ωshuntingresistanceatanypointwithinthesection,atleastonetrackrelayshouldfalldownreliably.8.Eachtrackcircuitmayhaveamaximumoffourchoketransformers(includingemptychoketransformers).9.Ithasreliableshuntingcheckforanyfaultwithoutdetour.Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

軌道電路工作原理25Hz軌道電路的信號電源由室內智能電源屏的25Hz電源模塊提供，通過電纜供向室外，經由送電端25Hz軌道電源變壓器（BG25）、送端限流電阻（RX）、送電端25Hz扼流變壓器（BE25）、鋼軌線路、受電端25Hz扼流變壓器（BE25）、受電端25Hz中繼變壓器（BG25）、電纜線路、送回室內，經過硒堆（Z）及25Hz防護盒（HF）給二元二位繼電器（GJ）的軌道線圈供電；25Hz局部電源經并聯GJ的局部線圈電容（C）直接供給GJ的局部線圈。這樣使得GJ的軌道線圈由送電端25Hz軌道電源經軌道傳輸后供電，局部線圈由電源屏的25Hz電源供電。EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitThus,thetrackcoilofGJispoweredby25Hzpowersupplyintransmissionterminal,andthelocalcoilispoweredby25Hzpowersupplyofthepowersupplypanel.Whenthetrackrelayworks,lesspowerisobtainedfromthetrackcircuit,mostpowerisgotthroughthelocalpower,sothetransmittingdistanceoftrackcircuitcanbeextended,EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitSignalpowerfor25Hztrackcircuitisprovidedby25Hzmoduleoftheindoorintelligentpowersupplypanel,itissentoutdoorbycable,throughthetransmissionterminal25Hztracktransformer(BG25),currentlimitingresistance(RX),choketransformer(BE25),railline,choketransformerBE25atreceivingend,EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuittracktransformerBG25,cableline,andsentbacktothesignalequipmentroom,powerthetrackcoiloftwoelementandtwopositionrelay(GJ)viaseleniumstack(Z)and25Hzprotectivebox(HF);25HzlocalpowersupplyisdirectlysuppliedtothelocalcoilofGJviathelocalcoilcapacitance(C)whichisconnectedinparallelwithGJ.EnergizingofGJ軌道電路工作原理軌道繼電器工作時，從軌道電路取得較少的功率而大部分功率是通過局部線圈的局部電源，因而軌道電路的控制距離可以延長，且只有軌道繼電器上的軌道線圈Ug和局部線圈電壓Uj之間的相位角接近或等于90°時，轉矩最大，使翼片繞軸旋轉，帶動接點動作，否則，翼片不能旋轉，不能帶動接點動作。所以，25Hz軌道電路既有對頻率的選擇性（區別開電力牽引電流）又有相位的選擇性。當軌道線圈和局部線圈電源電壓滿足規定的相位要求時，GJ吸起，軌道電路處于調整狀態，即表示軌道電路空閑。其工作原理如圖4-8所示。EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitandonlythephaseanglebetweenthetrackcoilUgandthelocalcoilvoltageUjisclosetoorequalto90°,thetorqueislargest,whichmakesthewingboardrotatearoundtheshafttodrivethecontact,otherwise,thewingboardcannotrotateandcannotdrivethecontact.EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitTherefore,25Hztrackcircuithasbothfrequencyselectivity(distinguishingfromtheelectrictractioncurrent)andphaseselectivity.Whenthetrackcoilandthelocalcoilpowersupplyvoltagemeetthespecifiedphaserequirements,GJisenergizedandthetrackcircuitisinregulatedstate,thatis,thetrackcircuitisfree.EnergizingofGJ軌道電路工作原理當列車占用時，軌道電路被分路，GJ落下。若頻率、相位不對時，GJ也落下。25Hz電源屏由室內分別供出25Hz軌道電路電源和局部電源。軌道電源由室內供出，當GJ的軌道線圈和局部線圈所得電源滿足規定的相位、頻率、電壓值的要求時，GJ繼電器吸起，軌道電路處于工作狀態；反之，GJ繼電器落下，軌道電路處于不工作狀態。其工作原理如圖4-9所示。FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitWhenthetrainoccupiesthetrack,thetrackcircuitisshuntedandGJfallsdown.Ifthefrequencyandphasearewrong,GJalsofallsdown.25Hzpowersupplypanelsuppliestrackpowersupplyandlocalpowersupplyrespectively.Trackpowersupplyissuppliedfromindoor.FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitWhenthepowersupplyofGJtrackcoilandlocalcoilmeetsthespecifiedphase,frequencyandvoltagevalue,trackrelayGJisenergizedandtrackcircuitisintheworkingstate;otherwise,trackrelayGJfallsdown,trackcircuitisnotworking.FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25Hztrackcircuit為了確保安全，25Hz相敏軌道電路在斷軌時，接收設備應不能工作。其工作原理如圖4-10所示。FallingofGJTrackbrokenstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitToensuresafety,whentrackisbroken,25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitshallnotoperate.FallingofGJTrackbrokenstate

25Hz軌道電路分類根據是否安裝扼流變壓器，可分為送電端，接收端均有扼流變壓器，輸電端和接收端均沒有扼流變壓器。如果軌道電路必須流過牽引電流，則需要安裝扼流變壓器。否則，允許使用無扼流變壓器的軌道電路。根據受電端的設置，分為一送一受，一送兩受和一送三受的受電端。傳輸長度

Classificationof25Hztrackcircuit

Accordingtowhetherchoketransformerisinstalled,trackcircuitisdividedintopowertransmissionendandreceivingendarebothequippedwithchoketransformerandpowertransmissionendandreceivingendarenotequippedwithchoketransformer.Ifthetrackcircuithastoflowthetractioncurrent,choketransformerisnecessary.Otherwise,trackcircuitwithoutchoketransformerisallowed.Accordingtosettingsofreceivingend,itisdividedintoonetransmissionendonereceivingend,onetransmissionendtworeceivingendsandonetransmissionendthreereceivingends.

送電端帶扼流變壓器的送電端不帶扼流變壓器的送電端Typeofpowertransmissionend

PowertransmissionendwithchoketransformerPowertransmissionendwithoutchoketransformer傳輸長度對于雙扼流一送一受，當限流電阻為4.4Ω時，軌道電路允許長度為1500m。無扼流一送一受軌道電路，限流電阻為0.9Ω，軌道電路允許長度為1500m。

受電端一送多受電分支不帶扼流受電分支受電端ReceivingendBranchreceivingendforonetransmissionendseveralreceivingendsReceivingendwithoutchoketransformerTypeofReceivingend

道岔區段軌道電路道岔的組成TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionThecompositionofturnout道岔區段軌道電路彎股切割：實行電碼化的道岔區段，道岔絕緣應設在彎股上，防止機車信號掉碼，給行車帶來不良影響。為防止轍叉將軌道電路短路,道岔區段要加裝切割絕緣,稱為道岔絕緣。TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionTheinsulationofturnoutStockrailtonguerailStraightInturnoutsection,inordertoavoidthefrogshortthetrackcircuit,turnoutinsulationhastobeinstalled.Innon-electrifiedsection,turnoutinsulationisinstalledonstraighttrack,inthisway,theforceisbalancedwhenentersthetrack.Thisistheinsulationcutinstraighttrack.道岔區段軌道電路直股切割：不實行電碼化的道岔區段，可將道岔絕緣設在直股上，這樣道岔絕緣受力均勻，使用壽命會長一些。TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionThejumpersofturnoutStockrailtonguerailStraightInturnoutsection,inordertoletsignalcurrentflowsthroughthecurvetrack,jumpersarenecessary.Forexample,theturnouthereneeds6groupsofjumper.Inthisway,whentrainoccupiesthecurvebranch,trackrelaycanfalldown.道岔區段軌道電路連接方式

串聯并聯TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionConnectionmodeoftrackcircuitinturnoutsectionSerialParallelCurrentflowsthrougheachtrackofthetrackcircuit,soitcancheckthejumpersandtrackcomplete.Butthestructureiscompleted,notadopted.Whentrainoccupiesstraighttrackorcurvetrack,GJcanfalldow