專題02閱讀理解之主旨大意題

目錄

01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航2

02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航3

03考點(diǎn)突破·考向探究4

考點(diǎn)一考查總結(jié)文章標(biāo)題4

【真題研析】4

【核心精講】7

【命題預(yù)測】8

考點(diǎn)二考查文章大意題10

【真題研析】10

【核心精講】14

【命題預(yù)測】

考點(diǎn)三考查段落大意題18

【真題研析】18

【核心精講】20

【命題預(yù)測】21

04重難點(diǎn)突破主旨要義題的解題關(guān)鍵23

閱讀理解之主旨大意題

考目標(biāo)

年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計考情分析

點(diǎn)要求

新高考I卷26

考查

新高考卷31

著眼II從近三年高考試題來看，主旨大意

于文題主要集中考查：文章標(biāo)題、文章

2024全國甲卷27

章整大意；段落大意。

浙江卷1月35

體，

主旨大意題在高考中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)

歸新高考I卷32

穩(wěn)定，通常1-2題。說明文和議論

主納、

新高考II卷27

旨總結(jié)2023文的主題句多位于文章的開頭，有

大文章全國甲卷時也位于文章的中間或末尾。記敘

意標(biāo)

全國乙卷32文多在文章末尾點(diǎn)題，但有時不能

題題、直接在文章中直接找到主題句，需

浙江卷月、

大意12735

要考生在弄清段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系

及段新高考I卷32

的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。

落大

新高考卷預(yù)計在年高考主旨大意

意的2022II312025

能力題仍然有1-2題。

全國甲卷27、31、32

全國乙卷31

考點(diǎn)一考查總結(jié)文章標(biāo)題

1.(2024全國甲卷B篇)

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals（聲

音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcats

arespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswith

humansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattention

andfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.

Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychoosea

placetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliar

smells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthe

future.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichthey

don'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswill

findrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkinds

ofpredators（食肉動物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehunters

arejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.(動物可以用很多

方式來表達(dá)他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺和帶回

禮物的習(xí)慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的貓的行

為)”作文文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。

(一)理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)：1.概括性——準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；2.針對性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相

符；3.醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。

(二)確定文章標(biāo)題：1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，看哪個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；2.反面

否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對照，一

一排除不符選項；3.研讀、比較四個選項：研讀四個選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。

2.（2024年1月浙江高考真題）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby

psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.

Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15

minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-

upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtaina

secondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.

Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,

butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemfor

varioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.

Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrains

developedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.

Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtaining

calories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhyso

manyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.

Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswas

information-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhas

greatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.

Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemore

thoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inorderto

manageourtimemosteffectively.

35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumans

C．TheLater,theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’

renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnect

ustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdoto

preschoolers.(作為成年人，我們每天都要面對棉花糖測試。誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、手機(jī)

和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對我們的作用就像棉花糖對學(xué)

齡前兒童的作用一樣。)”可知，文章主要是講在信息化時代我們作為成年人每天都在面對棉花糖測試，

信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故選D。

3.(2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解D篇)

AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrown

rapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeup

alotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelsto

beinstallednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuch

thoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicals

tocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyers

ofthesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSite

PreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsoftheland

andcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solar

development,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneof

theeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsover

thepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlaws

relatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendliness

guidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsinto

ashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-

friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.

35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFuture

C．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershave

transformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoil

improvementandcarbonreduction.(在過去的幾年里，許多太陽能農(nóng)場開發(fā)商將太陽能電池板下的空間改造

成各種傳粉媒介的庇護(hù)所，從而改善了土壤并減少了碳排放。)”可知，現(xiàn)在的太陽能農(nóng)場在過去的幾年里

已經(jīng)得到了很大的發(fā)展，更重要的是太陽能農(nóng)場也變得更加的環(huán)保，這將是未來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的新趨勢，再結(jié)

合全文對太陽農(nóng)場的發(fā)展過程的介紹可以判斷，本文主題是介紹太陽能農(nóng)場。故選D。

通過文章的主題句總結(jié)概括文章標(biāo)題：

本文主題句放在文章的末尾，先擺出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，最后總結(jié),從而得出結(jié)論,要求考生耐心地讀完全文。

有時主題句首尾呼應(yīng)，開篇先提出主題，結(jié)尾再次升華主題。

總結(jié)文章標(biāo)題解題指導(dǎo)

標(biāo)題歸納題要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項中選出適合文章的標(biāo)

題。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達(dá)。此類題目主要考查考生把握主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生

在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進(jìn)行提煉或高度概括，最終準(zhǔn)確地選出

文章的標(biāo)題。記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。

1.文章標(biāo)題類設(shè)問方式

·Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.

·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.

2.文章標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)

①概括性：能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨；

②針對性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；

③新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；

④精準(zhǔn)性：不改變原文的意思和感情色彩

⑤簡短性：名詞短語,動名詞短語或祈使句。

3.錯誤選項的特點(diǎn)

①斷章取義(僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié))；②以偏概全；③離題太遠(yuǎn)

4.解題技巧：

關(guān)鍵詞法反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，多次重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)就是體現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵詞

主題句法根據(jù)文章主題句，確定中心詞充當(dāng)標(biāo)題

串聯(lián)法分析文章細(xì)節(jié)，確定共同點(diǎn)，如同穿珠般，串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn)，確定標(biāo)題

逆向法根據(jù)四個選項，考慮其可能內(nèi)容，對照原文，最相似者為最佳選項

5.思維方法：

要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章標(biāo)題，如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)

的關(guān)鍵詞或者概括全文。

正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；

①反面否定法：撇開原文，設(shè)想各選項寫出來應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對，逐一排除不符項；

②研讀備選項：認(rèn)真研讀備選項里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相

③

符。

1.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三第二次大聯(lián)考）

Researchersstudiednearly450grassystructuresbuiltovertwoyearsbywhite-browedsparrowweavers(肯

尼亞織雀)livingintheKalahariDesertinSouthAfrica.

“Experimentsshowthatinexperiencedmalebirdswillwatchfamiliarmaleschoosingnest-building

materialsandthenusethatinformationtoadjusttheirownchoices.Forexample,theypreferredapinktapebefore,

ratherthananorangeone,buttheywillprefertheorangeoneiftheyseeothersusingit,”saysMariaCristina

Tello-Ramos,aresearcher.

Thisbirdspeciesbuildsgrassstructuresthatservetwopurposes:Theycanbeturnedintoasafespotto

hatcheggs,butthey’realsoshelterswherebirdscansafelyrestinsideatnight.Birdsshapegrassintoatube,which

endsupbeingshapedbasicallylikeanupside-downletter“U”.

Tolearnmore,Mariaandhercoworkersmeasuredeverysinglestructurebuiltby43familygroupsovertwo

seasons.Theyanalyzedeverythingfromthelengthofthetubestothetubes’widthtotheanglebetweentheU-

shapedtubes’“arms”.Theyintendedtoseewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,carefullyconsidering

factorsliketemperatures,windspeed,andthenumberofbirdsineachfamily.Theycouldn’tfindanyexplanation

forwhythebirdswerebuildingsuchdifferentstructures.“Andsinceit’sknownthatthesebirdsarehighlysocial,”

saysTello-Ramos,“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother,creatingacultureofnest-

buildingthatgetspasseddownagainandagainandagain.”

Sometimesafamilywilltakeanoutsiderundertheirwingandletitjointhegroup.“WhatIfoundmost

fascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmission

ofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”

31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．ColorfulNestsAreaFashionforBirdsB．TraditionLiesinnest-buildingMaterials

C．BirdsBuildTheirCultureintoTheirNestsD．Nest-BuildingReflectsBirds’Gender

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了鳥兒在筑巢方面存在相互模仿，形成一種筑巢文化

并代代相傳的現(xiàn)象。

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanew

sparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherine

Sheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”(生物學(xué)家凱瑟琳·謝爾德說：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)

最令人著迷的是，當(dāng)一個新的肯尼亞織雀加入這個群體時，它不會帶來舊群體的文化傳播。這不是我所預(yù)

料的。”)”結(jié)合本文主要講述了鳥兒在筑巢方面存在相互模仿，形成一種筑巢文化并代代相傳的現(xiàn)象，

因此C項“鳥把它們的文化建立在它們的巢里”適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

2.（2025·湘豫名校聯(lián)考）

Takeawalkdownanymajorbeachanditlikelywon’tbelongbeforeyouseesomeabandonedrubbish,

whicheventuallymakestheirwayintotheoceanwhereitdegradesoverdecadesorevencenturies.Forthemost

part,spottingallthatgarbagestillrequireseyesandafairdealofwalking.Butthatcouldonedaychangethanksto

anewsatelliteimagingtechnique.

Ateamdevelopedanewtoolthathighlightsuniquespectralcharactersinplastics,whichcouldaccurately

identifyplasticitemsonbeachesandtellthemfromsand,water,andplants.

Satelliteimageryhas,foryears,beenusedtohelpscientistsidentifyplasticsfloatingintheocean.This

processworksrelativelywellforidentifyinglargepiecesofplasticinthewater,butit’sfarlesseffectiveat

spottingplasticsonbeaches.Coastalplasticsoftenmixinorispartiallyburiedbysandwhichmakesspottingit

muchmoredifficult.

Theteamcreatedanewspectralindex,theBeachedPlasticDebrisIndex(BPDI),whichlooksforpatterns

ofreflectedlightfromplastics.Totesttheirnewtool,theresearcherscollectedvarioustypesofplastictrashthat

wouldlikelybefoundonabeach.Theyfinallysettledon14differentplastictargetsandplacedthem3.7meters

apartfromeachotheronabeachinVictoria,Australia.

Oncetheplasticswereinplace,thesatelliteflewfaroverheadandtookaseriesofphotos.Researchers

appliedtheirindextotheimagesandcomparedthemtothreeotheralready-developedindicesintendedfor

detectingplastics,twoforplasticsonlandandoneforobjectsfloatingintheocean.TheBPDIindexwell

outperformedtheotherthreeindicesintermsofaccuracy.Theotherthreegenerallystruggledtoidentifyplastics

and,insomecases,wouldevenmisidentifyshadowsastrash.Still,theBPDIindexwasn’tperfect.Inparticular,

thestudynotesitwasdifficulttoidentifytransparentandtranslucentpolymerslikeplasticwaterbottlesandbags.

Lookingtothefuture,theresearcherswanttomovethesefindingsoutoflimitedtestenvironmentsandinto

therealworld.Thatcouldmeanpartneringwithotherorganizationsspecializingincoastalplasticremovaltouse

theirsatelliteimagerytechnique.

15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheBeachedPlasticDebrisIndex

B．ANewTechniqueforIdentifyingPlasticsonBeaches

C．ANewTooltoIdentifyNewLightSpectrum

D．NewSatelliteTechniquesforOceanExploration

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個團(tuán)隊開發(fā)了一種新工具，可以突出塑料中獨(dú)特

的光譜特征，能夠準(zhǔn)確地識別海灘上的塑料垃圾。

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Ateamdevelopedanewtoolthathighlightsuniquespectral

charactersinplastics,whichcouldaccuratelyidentifyplasticitemsonbeachesandtellthemfromsand,water,and

plants.(一個團(tuán)隊開發(fā)了一種新工具，可以突出塑料中獨(dú)特的光譜特征，可以準(zhǔn)確地識別海灘上的塑料物

品，并將它們與沙子、水和植物區(qū)分開來)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一個團(tuán)隊開發(fā)了一種新工具，可以突出

塑料中獨(dú)特的光譜特征，能夠準(zhǔn)確地識別海灘上的塑料垃圾，所以B選項“一種新的海灘塑料識別技

術(shù)”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

考點(diǎn)二考查文章大意題

1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)C篇

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoiceto

reducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemis

automated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,

thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanew

pre-seededpod

(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.

Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-use

plastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMF

employee.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,

BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)

場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,

thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantly

reducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjustthe

rightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時

提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排

排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityin

theireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingand

wastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducing

waste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持

續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵

回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知，文

章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、

自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。

本文的文章大意需要從文中各段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，最后總結(jié)概括文章大意。

文章在不同的段落里說明了巴比倫微型農(nóng)場的特點(diǎn)：減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動

化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等，很顯然這都是農(nóng)場的優(yōu)勢。故A選項

正

確。它是對全文的高度概括，語言精練。

2.（2023年1月·浙江卷·閱讀理解B篇）

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamore

sustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmy

parents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’ve

learnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbestto

figureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.Iremembershowingmyparentsavideoof

BeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afew

dayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasfor

metocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmy

ownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasable

tostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedouta

bitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,but

youmayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifothers

commentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswho

arenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.

B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.

C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.

D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainable

lifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.(如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方

式，可能不是你周圍的每個人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongtheway

though,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechange

inanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在這個過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如果你在一個不總是

支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要講述了作者如何在家

庭中過零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。故選C。

記敘文的文章大意：純記敘文通常沒有主題句,需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會

發(fā)表感慨、感悟或就此發(fā)表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個故事或經(jīng)歷,主旨就

在文首。

本題是一篇記敘文，文章大意需要?dú)w納總結(jié)文中的主要內(nèi)容。

3.（2020·全國新課標(biāo)II·閱讀理解B篇）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzle

playwasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildrenin

thestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore

frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplay

withmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremore

activeduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.

C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingprogram.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。

所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一項科學(xué)研究)符合以上說法，故選B項。

科研報告或調(diào)查報告：反映科學(xué)實(shí)驗或調(diào)研結(jié)果的報道或科普類說明文，內(nèi)容主要包括“科研實(shí)驗

結(jié)果或調(diào)查結(jié)果+實(shí)驗研究過程或調(diào)查的具體情況”兩大部分,文章主旨就是科研或調(diào)查結(jié)果，因此主題句

通常在首段,且常伴有accordingtoastudy,astudyshowed/proved,thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnew

researchon,scientistsrecentlyreported,astudyclaimed等。

文章大意解題指導(dǎo)

1.解題思路

2.文章大意類設(shè)問方式

·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

·Thepassageismainlyabout________.

·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.

·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.

·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.

·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.

3.解題技巧：

方法1：主題句法

解答主旨大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。

(1)根據(jù)文體和寫作手法來定位主題句

(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來定位主題句

如but，however，infact，actually等時，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀

轉(zhuǎn)折詞

點(diǎn)。

總結(jié)詞如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。

疑問句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答可能是文章的主題。

方法2：高頻詞法

全文中無明顯主題句時，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因

此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便

容易抓住文章的中心。

方法3：逆向思維法

在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會

有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項。

1.（2025·四川省攀枝花市高三統(tǒng)考）

Ifyourecentlyhadtroublefiguringoutifanimageofapersonisrealorgeneratedthroughartificial

intelligence(AI),you’renotalone.AccordingtoanewstudyfromUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada,

researchersfoundthatpeoplehadmoredifficultythanwasexpecteddistinguishingwhoisarealpersonandwho

isartificiallygenerated.

TheWaterloostudysaw260participantsprovidedwith20unlabeledpictures:10ofwhichwereofreal

peopleobtainedfromGooglesearches,andtheother10generatedbyStableDiffusionorDALL-E,two

commonlyusedAIprogramsthatgenerateimages.

ParticipantswereaskedtolabeleachimageasrealorAI-generatedandexplainwhytheymadetheir

decision.Only61%ofpa