PAGE1-限時規(guī)范訓(xùn)練(二十七)閱讀板塊——練速度(滿分40分，限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AINTRODUCTIONChineseGovernmentScholarshipprogramforinternationalstudentsisestablishedbytheMinistryofEducation(MOE)ofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaaimingtopromoteChinesehighereducationbrandonaninternationalbasis.ChinaScholarshipCouncil,entrustedbytheMOE,holdstheresponsibilityofverification(證明),approvalandtheroutinemanagementoftheprogram.SCHOLARSHIPCOVERAGETuition;campusaccommodationfees;medicalinsuranceandamonthlyallowance.APPLICANTS●Applicantsmustbenon-Chinesecitizensandingoodhealth.●Applicantsforamaster'sdegreeprogrammusthaveabachelor'sdegreeandbeunder35.●Applicantsforadoctoraldegreeprogrammusthaveamaster'sdegreeandbeunder40.APPLICATION1．Applyonlineatcampuschina.org2．MailapplicationdocumentstoEastChinaNormalUniversity(ECNU)●AnapplicationformforChineseGovernmentScholarship.●Thehighestdiplomaandacademictranscripts(學(xué)生成果單)(notarizedphotocopies).DocumentsinlanguagesotherthanChineseorEnglishmustbeattachedwithnotarized(經(jīng)過公證的)translationinChineseorEnglish.●Aresearchplan.Itisrequiredtobenomorethan800words.●Recommendationletters.ApplicantsforpostgraduatestudiesmustsubmittwolettersofrecommendationinChineseorEnglishbyprofessorsorassociateprofessors.●AphotocopyofForeignerPhysicalExaminationForm.Pleaseselecttheappropriatetimetotakemedicalexaminationasitisvalidforonly180days.●TheHSK(ChineseProficiencyTest)certificate.●Theprocessingfee.Thebankwirereceiptshouldbeenclosedintheapplicationpackage.3．ApplicationdateYourapplicationdocumentsshouldreachtheInternationalStudentsOfficeofECNUbyApril30th.APPROVALANDNOTIFICATIONTheresultwillbepostedonlineat：//lxs.ecnu.edu.cnbytheendofJune.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了中國為國際學(xué)生設(shè)立的中國政府獎學(xué)金項目的詳細(xì)狀況。1．Whatdoweknowabouttheprogram?A．Thereisnoagelimitforapplicants.B．TheapplicationisdueonJune30th.C．Itisonlyforinternationalstudents.D．Therearetwowebsitesforapplication.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“ChineseGovernmentScholarshipprogramforinternationalstudents...onaninternationalbasis.”可知，這個項目只針對國際學(xué)生。故選C。答案：C2．Whatwillapplicantshavetopayaccordingtothetext?A．Tuition.B．Processingfees.C．Alllivingcosts.D．Medicalexaminationcharge.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)APPLICATION部分中的“Theprocessingfee.Thebankwirereceipt...package.”可知，申請者需支付手續(xù)費(fèi)。答案：B3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Longerresearchplansarepreferred.B．TheHSKcertificateisvalidforonly180days.C．Governmentofficialsgiverecommendationletters.D．EducationcertificatesinChineseorEnglishareaccepted.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)APPLICATION部分中的“Documentsinlanguages...inChineseorEnglish.”可推知，英語或漢語版本的教化證書都是可以接受的。答案：DBInthefarcornerofthefrontyardofalargehouseinFloridarestsanRV—RecreationalVehicle(活動房屋式旅游車),shadedbytreesasclothingonanearbylineswaysinthebreeze.InthisRV,NationalGeographicexplorerThomasCulhaneliveswithhiswife,Enas,almostentirelyoffthegrid—alifestylewithoutrelyingonelectricitysupply.Culhanebeganlivingoffthegridinthelate1990s,whenhewentintothebasementofhisapartmentbuildinginLosAngelesandpulledtheplugthatdeliveredelectricity.Evenearlierthough,hewasfirstinspiredbysustainablelivingduringatripin1970tovisithisrelatives.Hewaseightyearsoldandworriedthathisstayintheirsmallvillagewasgoingtobemiserablebecausehisrelativestoldhimtheyhadnoairconditioningorelectricity—buttheyhadplentyoffreshfruitsfromorchards(果園)andlotsofcolddrinkschilledbytheicystreamfromtheicecapsofthenearbymountain.“Thisisamazing，”saysCulhane.HemetEnaswhenshewaslivinginanecovillageinPortugal.Enassaidshelikedthefeelingofbeinglow-impact,ofbeingvirtuallyharmlesstotheearth.Culhanewasimpressedandfellinlovewithher.Thecouplegotmarried,livingonthesamepropertythattheycurrentlyhave.Theymovedintotheirfirsthometogether—anRVwhichtheypromptlytookcompletelyoff-grid.InsidetheirRV,CulhaneandEnashavehotshowers,aworkinggasstove,arefrigerator,awashingmachineandabigscreenTV.Theyusegascreatedbytheiron-sitebiodigesters(生物煮解器)tocookonagas-poweredstove.Theyalsouseenergycreatedbythebiodigesterstoheattheirbathwater.Theyfeedthebiodigestersusingtheirownfoodwaste—atnoadditionalcosttotheearth.Sometimesonweekends,theRVisturnedintoaclassroom.Thecouplehostworkshopstoletthecommunitymembersandstudentsknowlivinganoff-gridlifeisgettingeasierandteachthemhowtorespectandcoexistpeacefullywiththeenvironment.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文，主要講解并描述了Culhane和Enas這對夫婦在活動房屋式旅游車中自給自足的生活。4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A．Addsomebackgroundinformation.B．Summarizethepreviousparagraph.C．Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容可推知，本段主要介紹了Culhane居住在活動房屋式旅游車?yán)镏暗囊恍┍尘靶畔ⅰ４鸢福篈5．WhatattractedCulhanemostwhenhefirstmetEnas?A．Hermarriageproperty.B．Theircommonlifebelief.C．Thebeautyofherecovillage.D．Herexperienceofexploration.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Enassaidshelikedthefeelingofbeinglow-impact,ofbeingvirtuallyharmlesstotheearth.Culhanewasimpressedandfellinlovewithher.”可推知，當(dāng)Culhane第一次見到Enas的時候，最吸引他的是他們共同的人生信念。答案：B6．Whatdothebiodigestersproduce?A．Foodwaste.B．Additionalcosts.C．Greenhousegases.D．Alternativeenergy.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Theyusegas...toheattheirbathwater.”可知，生物煮解器可產(chǎn)生替代能源。答案：D7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnRVClassroomB．LivingofftheGridC．GettingClosetoNatureD．ProtectingtheEnvironment解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段最終一句中的“...ThomasCulhaneliveswithhiswife,Enas,almostentirelyoffthegrid—alifestylewithoutrelyingonelectricitysupply.”其次段第一句中的“Culhanebeganlivingoffthegridinthelate1990s...”和最終一段中的“Thecouplehostworkshopstoletthecommunitymembersandstudentsknowlivinganoff-gridlifeisgettingeasier...”可知，本文主要講解并描述了Culhane和Enas這對夫婦完全脫離電力供應(yīng)，住在活動房屋式旅游車中的自給自足的生活。故選B。答案：BCNothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight-Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You'resosmart！”maybecounterproductive.Why?Accordingtoa2024study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange).Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf-secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”，onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:Don'tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA＋score,don'tsay,“You'resosmart！”Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo！”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren'smistakes,tellingthem“It'sOK.You'llgetitthenexttime”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文，主要講了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯錯后，父母要引導(dǎo)孩子正確地對待錯誤。8．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinparagraph1?A．Opposite. B．Competitive.C．Successful. D．Unknown.解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Accordingtoa2024study，childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbouncebackfrommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.”可知，依據(jù)2024年的一項探討，那些認(rèn)為自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些認(rèn)為智力是可以成長和變更的孩子更不行能將留意力集中于錯誤，并從錯誤中振作起來。再結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞與A項“相反的”含義相近。答案：A9．Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?A．Theymadefewermistakes.B．Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.C．Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D．Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段倒數(shù)第三句“Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.”和倒數(shù)其次句“Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha‘growthmindset’weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.”可推知，具有“成長思維模式”的孩子更加關(guān)注其所犯的錯誤。答案：D10．Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy?A．Overstressingtheintelligence.B．Payingchildrencompliments.C．Addressingchildren'smistakes.D．Offeringchancestofindmistakes.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.”可知，應(yīng)避開過分強(qiáng)調(diào)智力。答案：A11．Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext?A．Youaresocareless.B．Yourstudyingpaidoff.C．You'llgetitthenexttime.D．Let'sfindouthowyoumadeit.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一句“Instead，it'sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.”可知，當(dāng)孩子犯錯誤時，父母應(yīng)與孩子一起弄清錯的地方以及如何犯錯的。答案：DDWheretherearehumans,therearehousesparrows.Butdespitetheirsuggestivespeciesname,Passerdomesticus,theyaren'tofficiallydomesticated.Thebold,tinyandgray-and-brownbirdsarefoundoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica,hoppingaroundcities,pecking(啄)atleftoverfoodonsidewalks,andsometimeschasingawaynativebirdspecies.Thehousesparrowshaveadaptedtolivingalongsidehumans,butthisfriendlybehaviortohumansislegendary.Nooneknewwhatsetthemapartfromtheotherwildmembersofthesparrowfamily.Lookingforageneticexplanation,MarkRavinet,anevolutionarybiologistandhiscolleaguescaughtdozensofsparrowsatsitesacrossEurope.Theysetupmistnetsthatharmlesslytrappedthebirdsastheyflewinside—measuredandtaggedthebirds,drewbloodsamples,andthenreleasedthem.Backinthelab,theysequencedthebirds'DNA.Theyfoundthatthehousesparrow'sgenesofmanyregionsappearedtohaveexperiencedpositiveselection,helpingthebirdslivealongsidehumans.Theevolutionaryprocessofnaturalselectionmayhavefavoredgeneticchangesthatalteredtheirskullshapeandallowedthemtoeatfoodwithstarch(淀粉)—similartodomesticatedanimalslikedogs.Themostsignificantsignofpositiveselectioninthebirds'DNAwasfoundinaregionwithtwoknowngenes:oneislinkedtoskulldevelopmentandanotherhelpscreatetheamylase(淀粉酶),whichhelpsbreakdownstarchinhumans,dogsandotherdomesticatedanimals.Changestobothgenesmighthavehelpedthehousesparrowseathuman-cultivatedfoods.AnotherevolutionarybiologistSamuelAndrewsaystheworkisanexcitingnewstepforbirdresearchersthatcouldanswermanyquestionsabouthowsparrowspeciesadaptedtodifferentconditions.ButheandRavinetagreetheremaybechangestoothergenesthatweremissedinthisinitialanalysis,yetstillhelpedthebirdstakeadvantageofhumans.“Ifyouliveinamajorcity,therearemoreanimalsaroundyouthanyourealize，”Ravinetsays.“Theyhaveahistoryandastorytotell.”[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。通過主動的基因選擇，家雀適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)在的生存環(huán)境。12．Whatdoweknowaboutthehousesparrowsfromparagraph1?A．Theyaredomesticated.B．Theyareveryfriendly.C．Theyarewell-adapted.D．Theyareararespecies.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Thebold，tiny...onsidewalks...”和“Thehousesparrowshaveadaptedtolivingalongsidehumans...”可推知，家雀的適應(yīng)實力很強(qiáng)。答案：C13．WhatisthepurposeofRavinet'sresearch?A．Toexperiencepositiveselection.B．Toconfirmthespeciesnameofhousesparrows.C．Tocomparehousesparrowswithotherdomesticanimals.D．Togeneticallyexplainhousesparrows'friendlybehavior.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“...butthisfriendlybehaviortohumansislegendary.Nooneknewwhatsetthemapartfromtheotherwildmembersofthesparrowfamily.”及其次段中的“Lookingforageneticexplanation...”可推知，Ravinet的探討的目的是想從基因上說明家雀具有友好行為的緣由。答案：D14．Whyistheamylaseimportanttogeneticchange?A．Becauseithelpsdigeststarch.B．Becauseallanimalscancreateit.C．Becauseitpromotesskulldevelopment.D．Becauseitcansequenceanimals'DNA.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“...whichhelpsbreakdown...eathuman-cultivatedfoods.”可知，這種淀粉酶對基因變更重要的緣由是它有助于消化淀粉。答案：A15．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Housesparrows'historyislegendary.B．Housesparrowstakeadvantageofhumans.C．Theskullshapedeterminesanimals'evolution.D．PositiveselectioninDNAleadstobiologicalevolution.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theyfoundthatthehousesparrow'sgenesofmanyregionsappearedtohaveexperiencedpositiveselection...similartodomesticatedanimalslikedogs.”和第三段中的“...theworkisanexcitingnewstepforbirdresearchersthatcouldanswermanyquestionsabouthowsparrowspeciesadaptedtodifferentconditions.”可推知，主動的基因選擇會引起生物的進(jìn)化。答案：DⅡ.閱讀七選五(10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。VARtechnologyhasbeenusedinU.S.sportsforyears.Nowitisfullycombinedwiththeglobalgameoffootballandmadeitsdebut(首次亮相)atthe2024WorldCup.16.Itisactuallyateamwhoworktogethertoreviewcertaindecisionsmadebythemainreferee(裁判)bywatchingvideoreplays.TheVARteamsupporttherefereesfromacentralizedvideooperationroom.Theoperatorsselectandprovidethebestanglesfromrelevantbroadcastcamerasplustwoadditionaloffsidecameras.17.Theywillcommunicatewiththerefereeonlyforclearandobviouserrorsorseriousmissedincidents.TherefereecandelaytherestartofplayatanytimetocommunicatewiththeVARteam.