PAGEPAGE1一、詞義揣測題(2024·全國Ⅰ，B)ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了小學(xué)老師托馬斯·沃利通過組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增加自信的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest.D．Answeringaquestion.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和其次段中的“Buthe’snervous.”可知，克里斯在進(jìn)行競選演說時(shí)感到特別驚慌。25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.答案A解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競選演說激勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)特別驚慌，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．a(chǎn)ssessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”和最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，老師讓學(xué)生參與競選演說不僅僅是讓學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)在公開場合演說，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)覺自己的特長，從而樹立自信。27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Demanding.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)克里斯·帕萊茲發(fā)表競選演說遇到問題時(shí)，老師耳語為他提示。文章最終兩段說明了老師舉辦這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的初衷，我們可以推斷這個(gè)老師是關(guān)切他人的人，因此選C。一、題型解讀詞義揣測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。詞義揣測是一種閱讀技巧和實(shí)力，主要考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)依據(jù)上下文快速揣測所指定的某一個(gè)生詞、詞組或者句子含義的實(shí)力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到確定的作用。由此看來，對于生詞的理解是否精確，干脆影響著閱讀理解題得分的凹凸，對能否取得好的高考成果有著舉足輕重的作用。詞義揣測題的命題方式有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?(2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”．(3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”．(4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto.(5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?(6)Bysaying“...”wemean.(7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.(8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義1．依據(jù)定義、釋義或同位語進(jìn)行揣測有些文章，特殊是科技說明文，作者通常會(huì)對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語下定義，通過閱讀定義和說明部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時(shí)，須要揣測的單詞或短語后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)同位語，作為對前面的詞或短語的說明說明。有時(shí)，文章會(huì)用冒號、破折號、括號等對某個(gè)詞或短語加以說明說明。例如：Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.分析：所揣測單詞defibrillator后面出現(xiàn)了同位語“anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork”(一個(gè)可以電擊心臟使其重新工作的電子器械)來進(jìn)行說明說明，我們可推知其詞義應(yīng)為“(心臟)除顫器”。2．依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行揣測英語中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個(gè)單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此，駕馭了確定的構(gòu)詞學(xué)問，再結(jié)合上下文語境，也可以快速揣測詞義。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法學(xué)問我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂”之意。3．依據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測在閱讀理解文章的句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，這時(shí)我們可以依據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)記詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”probablymean?A．Breaking. B．Following.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞thus，由前面的緣由“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“他因此認(rèn)為我兒子斯科拉干擾了課堂”，故選D項(xiàng)。其余三項(xiàng)都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。4．依據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測在畫線單詞或短語前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往示意了該詞或該短語的含義，這時(shí)可從熟識(shí)的詞語中推知生詞或短語的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于works的范疇，同時(shí)文中明確表示contributions是來自museum的，故選A項(xiàng)。5．依據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測有些須要揣測詞義的詞或短語前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~語，運(yùn)用這些詞語也可以幫助揣測詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的詞匯許多，常見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A．Wildandromantic.B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty.D．Activeandexcited.分析：畫線詞語所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候騎馬欣賞仍舊令人印象特別深刻。”由though可知，前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，sedate意為“不慌不忙的”。6．依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行揣測有些詞義揣測題找不到以上標(biāo)記線索，這時(shí)可以利用上下文供應(yīng)的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推想詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。例如：真題感悟的25題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競選演說激勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)特別驚慌，所以說話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。A(2024·河南試驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保熱的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onthesurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailability語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了太陽能發(fā)電的潛在弊端以及影響太陽能收集量的幾個(gè)因素。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Inexpensive. B．Dangerous.C．Ineffective. D．Abnormal.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)上文中的“somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的)cells”及畫線詞所在句后的“Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意為“危急的”。故選B。2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太陽能發(fā)電廠的選址可能會(huì)對當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)植物的棲息地產(chǎn)生長期的影響，也就是會(huì)破壞當(dāng)?shù)刈匀黄胶狻９蔆項(xiàng)正確。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.答案D解析段落大意題。依據(jù)最終一段其次、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太陽能是一種可變的和不規(guī)則的能源，陽光的數(shù)量和強(qiáng)度隨著一天的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)而變更，天氣和氣候條件影響每日和季節(jié)性的陽光供應(yīng)。由此可知，本段主要介紹的是影響太陽能收集量的幾個(gè)因素。故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·湖北黃岡中學(xué)三模)ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraisingashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand.Themiddle-agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingseversincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化)periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellswhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince.Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround，andsincethemanwastheonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyarestrongenoughtosurviveinthewild.Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“l(fā)et’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremarkable.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings?That’ssomethingelse.語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道類閱讀。文章主要講了韓國一位中年男子把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)，這些小鴨子把他當(dāng)成“媽媽”，到處跟著他，很自然地聽從他的吩咐。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells.B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings.C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally.D．Themantookprideinhisducklings.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句可知，我們能從這個(gè)視頻中得知，小鴨們很自然地聽從這個(gè)人。故選C。5．What’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings?A．Tomakealivingbyperforming.B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention.C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday.D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句可知，這個(gè)男子養(yǎng)小鴨的目的是有一天把它們放歸野外。故選C。6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagraph4?A．Attack. B．Move.C．End. D．Struggle.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)上文可知，視頻顯示，當(dāng)這名中年男子爬上首爾郊外的一座山時(shí)，鴨子們跟著他，無論他什么時(shí)候停下來，它們都不愿跟著任何人，即使給它們發(fā)出和它們的人類母親同樣的“我們走吧”的吩咐。由此可知，畫線句意為“除非它們聽到他的聲音，看到他在動(dòng)，否則它們不會(huì)動(dòng)。”故“budge”的意思是“移動(dòng)”。故選B。7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePetsB．AManRaisesDucklingsasHis“Children”C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPetsD．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段其次句“最近在西方世界走紅的一段視頻顯示，這些可愛的小禽跟隨它們的‘媽媽’爬山，聽從他的每一個(gè)吩咐。”是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章最好的題目是：一個(gè)男人把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)。故選B。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測畫線部分的意思1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichmeanslessemission.消費(fèi)，消耗2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可獲得的，可得到的3．Fakenewshaslongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.廣泛傳播4．Whenyouanswerthisquestion，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyouridentity.揭示，揭露(二)同義詞語替換5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitudestofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection7．Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas(三)一詞多義8．plantn．植物；工廠，發(fā)電廠v．種植；安插，安放(1)Afterreachingthetopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放(2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物(3)Manyyearsfromnow，otherworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.種植(4)Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofradioactivedustburstoutoftheChernobyl(切爾諾貝利)nuclearpowerplant.n.工廠，發(fā)電廠Ⅱ.長難句理解9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，句子的主干為Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，主語是usingsolarenergy；when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，此時(shí)when從句的主語是solarenergy,謂語為replacesorreduces，賓語為theuseofotherenergysources。that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞otherenergysources。[精致譯文]當(dāng)用太陽能替代或削減對環(huán)境有較大影響的其他能源的應(yīng)用時(shí)，運(yùn)用太陽能會(huì)對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生主動(dòng)的、間接的影響。10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，asatonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。while引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，此時(shí)while＝although/though；as引導(dǎo)的是緣由狀語從句。[精致譯文]雖然還不清晰這個(gè)人做什么工作，但我敢確定他對鴨子很有閱歷，因?yàn)樗鍪具^他在2005年獲得的“小鴨之父”的證書。強(qiáng)化練(十六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·山西太原五中段考)FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle-agedwomanwithnoathletictalent，traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting.Ineverknowhowtoanswer.MytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyearsagoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀釋劑)fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky.Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompletewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt.Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，Jackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(長雪橇)．Beforethestrokeitwouldhaveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭)screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Then，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback.Intheyearssincethen，I’vetraveledabouttwenty-fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了作者中風(fēng)病愈后是如何重新起先旅行的。)1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Unique. B．Dangerous.C．Historical. D．Famous.答案B解析詞義揣測題。第一段破折號后的內(nèi)容是對perilousplace的說明說明，依據(jù)句意“例如，泰國或婆羅洲的叢林，那里的水往往擔(dān)心全，食物也很危急；有傳染病、毒蛇和野生動(dòng)物的地方；有些地方的本地人剛剛過了獵頭的時(shí)代。”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“危急的”。故選B。2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo?A．Doproperexercise.B．Enjoytherestofherlife.C．Keepawayfromtraveling.D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知，我的醫(yī)生告知我，對我來說任何旅行都是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的，因此醫(yī)生建議作者遠(yuǎn)離旅行。故選C。3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina?A．Itwasherlastadventure.B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit.C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina.D．Itwasthemostdangerousexperienceinherlife.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段其次句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中國之行是因?yàn)樗ㄟ^這件事復(fù)原了志氣。故選B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABusinessTriptoChinaB．UniqueTravelExperiencesC．WhyIStillTraveltotheWildD．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講解并描述了作者在中風(fēng)后是如何克服困難，重新獲得志氣去旅行的。故選C。B(2024·江西師范高校附屬中學(xué)三模)Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.語篇解讀這是一篇爭論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種探討和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)決。5．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A．peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，探討人員不信任人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)約的意志力。所以從文章中的探討我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項(xiàng)正確。6．Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”．A．makeuseof B．runoutofC．build D．increase答案A解析詞義揣測題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我限制實(shí)力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)耘f可以接著前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境，推斷出“tapinto”指“利用”，與makeuseof同義。故A選項(xiàng)正確。7．Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles.A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB．toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC．toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段最終兩句的內(nèi)容“雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而乏累不堪，但長期而言，它們會(huì)通過常常熬煉而增加。同樣，規(guī)律的自我限制可以提高意志力。”可知，兩者相比是為了說明同一個(gè)道理：長期的熬煉和自我限制的好處。所以作者把自我限制比作肌肉是為了說明自我限制的好處。故D選項(xiàng)正確。8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D．“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終三句的內(nèi)容“一個(gè)接一個(gè)地制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再須要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不須要做任何確定。”可知，C項(xiàng)“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更寵愛這種目標(biāo)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·天津?yàn)I海七所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校聯(lián)考)Howdidyoudoit，Dad?Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years?Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfearthatthedrinkingwouldbeginagain.“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18-year-oldunaskedquestion.“Thewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybecame19ofmydailyroutineaswell.Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomwithone21foreachdayoftheyear.Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatlistsyourown23.I24openedthebooktoNovember10tosee25wordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.Iwas26whenIlookedatthepage，andthentearsofdisbeliefandappreciation27downmyface.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthathad28myfatherforalltheseyears!ItiscalledTheSerenity(安靜)Prayer.GodgrantmetheserenitytoacceptthethingsIcannotchange；thecouragetochangethethingsIcan；andthewisdomtoknowthedifference.語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者始終對父親勝利戒酒的緣由很新奇，最終作者鼓起志氣問父親才得知，父親是通過一首小詩在激勵(lì)他自己戒酒，小詩的意思是“冷靜地接受不能變更的，有志氣變更可以變更的，并有才智地來區(qū)分這兩者。”讓作者感動(dòng)的是這首小詩恰恰出現(xiàn)在日歷書中作者生日的那一頁上。9．A.chance B．courageC．a(chǎn)bility D．right答案B解析chance機(jī)會(huì)；courage志氣；ability實(shí)力；right正確，權(quán)利。將近二十年來“我”第一次鼓起志氣(courage)問父親這個(gè)極其私人的問題。故正確答案為B。10．A.gaveup B．tookupC．wenton D．carriedon答案A解析giveup放棄；takeup拿起；goon接著；carryon接著，參與。由上下文可知，父親不沾酒快二十年了。起初他戒酒(giveupdrinking)時(shí)，全家都坐立擔(dān)心，怕他戒酒失敗。故選A。11．A.way B．habitC．situation D．house答案C解析way方式；habit習(xí)慣；situation狀況；house房屋。由句意可知，起初父親戒酒時(shí)，每次遇到須要喝酒的狀況(situation)，家人都坐立擔(dān)心，因?yàn)檫@有可能讓他重新酗酒。故選C。12．A.reciting B．a(chǎn)skingC．smoking D．drinking答案D解析recite背誦；ask詢問；smoke吸煙；drink喝酒。由下文可知，家人膽怯 父親戒酒失敗，再次酗酒(drink)。故選D。13．A.sure B．uncertainC．a(chǎn)fraid D．eager答案C解析sure確信的；uncertain模糊的；afraid膽怯 的；eager渴望的。從父親戒酒時(shí)起，好幾年的時(shí)間里，家人都不敢提起他戒酒的事，生怕(afraid)他前功盡棄。故選C。14．A.reply B．wordsC．excuse D．explanation答案A解析reply回答；words話語；excuse借口；explanation說明。父親對“我”十八年來的疑問作出回答(reply)說：“我每天都背誦同一首小詩四五遍。”故選A。15．A.fear B．imaginationC．thought D．reminder答案D解析fear膽怯 ；imagination想象力；thought思想；reminder提示。由句意可知，父親每天背誦的那首小詩，是給他自己的一個(gè)提示。故選D。16．A.never B．seldomC．a(chǎn)lways D．ever答案A解析never從不；seldom很少，幾乎不；always總是；ever曾經(jīng)。由文章可知，父親戒酒勝利了，這歸功于那首小詩提示他世上無難事(thingswereneversohard)，只怕有心人。故選A。17．A.discussed B．sharedC．offered D．talked答案B解析discuss探討；share共享；offer供應(yīng)；talk交談。父親說完就和“我”共享(sharewithme)了那首小詩。故選B。18．A.wonderful B．longC．simple D．boring答案C解析wonderful極好的；long長的；simple簡潔的；boring無聊的。由文章最終一段可知，這首小詩是簡潔的(simple)。故選C。19．A.all B．thatC．a(chǎn)ny D．part答案D解析all全部；that那個(gè)；any任何；part部分。這首簡潔而又深刻的詩句，成了我日常生活的一部分(part)。故選D。20．A.talk B．quarrelC．trip D．lesson答案A解析talk談話；quarrel爭吵；trip旅行；lesson課程。由上文可知，父親和“我”進(jìn)行了一次談話(talk)，談到了他戒酒勝利是因?yàn)槟鞘仔≡姟９蔬xA。21．A.listed B．includedC．read D．said答案A解析list列出；include包含；read閱讀；say說。這是一本格言書。一年365天每個(gè)日子都與一句格言相對應(yīng)，排列(list)在書中。故選A。22．A.method B．experienceC．wealth D．message答案B解析method方法；experience閱歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)；wealth財(cái)寶；message消息。由句意可知，有些書依據(jù)一年365天的日期依次支配書中的內(nèi)容，每當(dāng)拿到這類書時(shí)，“我”都依據(jù)閱歷(experience)翻到自己生日那天。故選B。23．A.character B．birthdayC．qualities D．favorites答案B解析character性格；birthday生日；quality品質(zhì)；favorite特殊寵愛的事物。由下文可知，“我”把書翻到了11月10日，看書中為“我”列出的格言。所以“我”翻到的是寫有自己生日的那一頁。故正確答案為B。24．A.doubtfully B．carefullyC．happily D．hurriedly答案D解析doubtfully懷疑地；carefully細(xì)致地；happily歡樂地；hurriedly匆忙地。由上文可知，作者拿到這類書時(shí)，會(huì)自然地翻到印著自己生日的那一頁，所以作者連忙打開書，查看自己生日那天的格言。故選D。25．A.where B．whetherC．what D．how答案C解析where在哪里；whether是否；what什么；how如何。由句意可知，作者打開11月10日那一頁，看看這本書為自己打算的格言是什么(what)。故選C。26．A.excited B．a(chǎn)stonishedC．disappo