PAGEPAGE1題型二短文改錯一、動詞形式動詞形式的錯誤設置一般包括以下三個方面：1．動詞的時態和語態錯誤。2．主、謂不一樣的錯誤。3．非謂語動詞的誤用。[典例1]Onewasthat...AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(2024·全國Ⅱ)[is→was考查動詞的時態。整篇文章運用的都是一般過去時，且上文中的“Onewasthat...”用的也是一般過去時，所以最終一句話時態應為一般過去時。這里講解并描述當時做確定時的緣由。故將is改為was。][典例2]Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(2024·全國Ⅲ)[opens→open不定式作表語，to后用動詞原形。故把opens改為open。required→requires后一句考查動詞的時態。短文的主體時態是一般現在時。故把required改為requires。][典例3]Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2024·全國Ⅰ)[interesting→interested考查形容詞。短語becomeinterestedin意為“變得對……感愛好”。interesting好玩的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感愛好的，通常描述人的感受。本句主語是人，故把interesting改為interested。][典例4]IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2024·全國Ⅲ)[manage→managing考查非謂詞動詞。succeedindoingsth.勝利做某事。]名師點津：考生應細致分析動詞的時態和語態是否正確，是否應用非謂語動詞形式。尤其要依據上下文所供應的時間信息包括明信息：時間狀語；暗信息：上下文語境細致推敲，從而確定正確的動詞時態。同時還須要考慮動詞的及物與不及物以及主謂一樣與虛擬語氣。二、名詞的數名詞單復數的錯誤設置一般包括以下三個方面：1．可數名詞單復數的錯用：一般考查錯把復數用作單數，有時也考查錯把單數用作復數。2．不行數名詞單復數的錯用：不行數名詞沒有復數形式。3．可數名詞與不行數名詞混淆：有些詞既可用作可數名詞也可用作不行數名詞，應留意詳細語境。[典例5]Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.(2024·全國Ⅰ)[player→players“player(運動員)”為可數名詞，所以all(全部的)后須要用player的復數形式。故將player改為players。][典例6]SinceIwasakid，I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2024·全國Ⅱ)[job→jobs“job(工作；職業)”為可數名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應當用名詞的復數形式。故將job改為jobs。][典例7]Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2024·全國Ⅲ)[city→citiesmanydifferent后跟可數名詞的復數形式。故把city改為cities。]三、留意形和副形容詞和副詞的錯誤設置一般包括以下兩個方面：1．形容詞和副詞的誤用。2．原級、比較級和最高級的誤用。[典例8]Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2024·全國Ⅰ)[hardly→hard“hard(用力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。此處表示“我用力把球踢回操場”，故將hardly改為hard。][典例9]First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2024·全國Ⅱ)[coolly→cool句中的look為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。][典例10]OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2024·全國Ⅱ)[amazing→amazedamazed驚訝的，驚異的；amazing令人驚訝的，令人驚異的。v.-ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到……的”；v.-ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故用v.-ed形式的形容詞。][典例11]WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2024·全國Ⅲ)[ordinarily→ordinary修飾名詞cafe應用形容詞。故把ordinarily改為ordinary。]四、代詞的格與數代詞的錯誤設置一般包括以下兩個方面：1．人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等。2．不定代詞的誤用及混用。[典例12]Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2024·全國Ⅲ)[yourselves→themselves此處指代主語customers，故把yourselves改為themselves。]五、介詞短語須關注介詞的錯誤設置主要考查介詞短語和習慣用法的搭配。[典例13]Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”．(2024·全國Ⅲ)[刪除likesuchas和like都表示“例如”，句意重復。故把like刪除。]六、連詞、從句常光顧1．連詞but，and，or，because，so的用法錯誤考生應細致分析句子結構，假如是并列句或復合句，要特殊留意前后分句或主從句的關系，確保在意義和結構上通順流暢。[典例14]Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2024·全國Ⅰ)[but→and“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關系，不是轉折關系。故將but改為and。][典例15]WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2024·全國Ⅱ)[or→andreconsideredmygoal和decidedtobeadoctor之間為順承關系，并非選擇關系，故將or改為and。]2．各大從句細揣摩[典例16]OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2024·全國Ⅰ)[where→when本句含有一個定語從句，先行詞為Oneafternoon，且引導詞在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when。故把where改為when。]1(2024·河北唐山沖刺三)Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantashesawanothermeninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，either.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingstrangelyintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelphim.I’malsostrangerheremyself.”答案Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyedeq\f(drink,drinking)alcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandeq\f(spend,spent)theeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestauranteq\f(as,when)hesawanothereq\f(men,man)inthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，eq\f(either,too).AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingeq\f(strangely,strange)intheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesuneq\f(and,or)themoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelpeq\f(him,you).I’malsoeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))strangerheremyself.”2(2024·遼寧試驗中學模擬)Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwideusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoourhealthy，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.Ifmypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotemetoit.AndItrulybelieveIwouldabsolutelybethepainterinthefuture.答案Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnoweq\f(wide,widely)usedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，eq\f(that,which)greatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeq\f(easy,easier)thanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtooureq\f(healthy,health)，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))enjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.eq\f(If,Though/Although/While)mypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevoteeq\f(me,myself)toit.AndItrulybelieveIeq\f(would,will)absolutelybeeq\f(the,a)painterinthefuture.第一處：考查并列賓語。分析句子結構可知，like...為介賓短語。此處是并列賓語，依據andsoon可知前面的and是多余的，故去掉。其次處：考查詞形轉換。此處used是動詞，由副詞來修飾，故把wide改為widely。第三處：考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。分析句子結構可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，引導詞指代前面的整個句子，故把that改為which。第四處：考查比較級。依據than可知此處應用比較級，故把easy改為easier。第五處：考查詞性轉換。此處our是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，故把healthy改為health。第六處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：encouragesb.todosth.“激勵某人做某事”。故在enjoy前加to。第七處：考查狀語從句的引導詞。分析句子結構可知此處是讓步狀語從句，故把If改為Though/Although/While。第八處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：devoteoneselfto“致力于，獻身于”。故把devote后面的me改為myself。第九處：考查時態。由句中的“Itrulybelieveinthefuture”可知句子用一般將來時態，故把would改為will。第十處：考查不定冠詞。結合句意可知此處表示“泛指”，又由painter的發音是以輔音音素開頭的，故把painter前的the改為a。強化練(二)1(2024·山東淄博二模)ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，waswalkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecentyear，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichhaveledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，firstlyofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironmentsevere.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttoprotectingtheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetorliveahappylife.答案Itcanbeseenfromthepictureeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(that))MrLiu，whowearsamask，eq\f(was,is)walkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecenteq\f(year,years)，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whicheq\f(have,has)ledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，eq\f(firstly,first)ofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(of))pollutingtheenvironmenteq\f(severe,severely).Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttoeq\f(protecting,protect)theenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplaneteq\f(or,and)liveahappylife.2(2024·安徽師大附中檢測)Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，butIalwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IrememberedwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuyit.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswereveryhappier.Ithelpedmemakelotsoffriend.NowIoftencookingformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，either.It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatableformyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.答案Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，eq\f(but,and/so)Ialwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.Ieq\f(remembered,remember)whenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuyeq\f(it,them).Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))eatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswereveryeq\f(happier,happy).Ithelpedmemakelotsofeq\f(friend,friends).NowIofteneq\f(cooking,cook)formyparents，andtheylikemydishes，eq\f(either,too).It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatableeq\f(for,with)myparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.3(2024·湖北黃岡模擬)DearMsSmith，I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.I’vejustfinishedanessaynaming“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，soI’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobehonestly，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’sbecauseI’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookintomyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolishthem.Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvices.Myessayhasbeensendingtoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua答案DearMsSmith，I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomeeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))favor.I’vejustfinishedanessayeq\f(naming,named)“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，eq\f(so,but)I’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobeeq\f(honestly,honest)，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’seq\f(because,why)I’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookeq\f(into,through)myessayforpossiblemistakesandpolisheq\f(them,it).Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluableeq\f(advices,advice).Myessayhasbeeneq\f(sending,sent)toyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua4(2024·河南試驗中學模擬)Itwasarainandcoldnight.Ifinishmyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，sayshedidn’tknowtheway.Whatcomeataxidriverdidn’tknowt