PAGEPAGE4Lesson16Apoliterequest彬彬有禮的要求Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.Youwillbeveryluckyifheletsyougowithoutaticket.However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Trafficpolicearesometimesverypolite.DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:'Sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.'Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語parkv.停放（汽車）trafficn.交通ticket[?tikit]\o"真人發音"n.交通違規罰款單note[n?ut]\o"真人發音"n.便條area[???ri?]\o"真人發音"n.地段sign[sain]n.指示牌reminder[r??ma?nd?]\o"真人發音"n.提示fail[feil]\o"真人發音"v.無視，忘記obey[??bei]\o"真人發音"v.服從參考譯文一旦你把汽車停錯了地方，交通警很快就會發現。如果他沒給你罰單就放你走了，算你走運。然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時也很客氣。有一次在瑞典度假，我發現我的車上有這樣一個字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是‘禁止停車’區。如果您對我們街上的標牌稍加注意，您在此會過得很愉快的。謹此提請注意。”如果你收到這樣的懇求，你是不會不遵照執行的！1.Apoliterequest彬彬有禮的要求1)polite[p?'lait]adj.(politer,politest)morepolite和mostpolite亦常見1.havingorshowinggoodmannersandrespectforthefeelingsofothers有禮貌的；客氣的；儒雅的synonym:courteous['k?:ti?s]有禮貌的；客氣的；(尤指)恭敬的，謙恭的e.g.請禮貌待客。Pleasebepolitetoourguests.2.sociallycorrectbutnotalwayssincere應酬的；禮節性的；客套的：e.g.我不曉得怎么說應酬話。Idon’tknowhowtomakepoliteconversation.3.[onlybeforenoun]fromaclassofsocietythatbelievesitisbetterthanothers上流社會的adv.politelyn.[u]politeness2)request[ri?kwest]\o"真人發音"n.,v.n.~(forsth.)/~(that…)1.theactionofaskingforsth.formallyandpolitely(正式或禮貌的)要求，請求：e.g.他們要求再給一些幫助。Theymadearequestforfurtheraid.他按照經理的要求到了那里。Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager/athismanager’srequest.(=becausehismanagerhadaskedhimtogo)2.athingthatyouformallyaskfor要求的事e.g.廣播點播節目aradiorequestprogramme(=aprogrammeofmusic,songs,etc.thatlistenershaveaskedfor)v.~sth.(fromsb.)(formal)toaskforsth.orasksb.todosth.inapoliteorformalway(正式或禮貌地)請求；要求e.g.[vn]你可以索要一份免費的宣傳單。Youcanrequestafreecopyoftheleaflet.(copyn.[c]1.(書、報紙等的一本，一冊，一份)2.[c]~(ofsth.)復印件，復制品)(leaflet[?li:flit]\o"真人發音"n.散頁印刷品；傳單；宣傳手冊；廣告手冊)[vntoinf]請不要在餐館里吸煙。Youarerequestednottosmokeintherestaurant.他們要求他離開。Theyrequestedhimtoleave.[vthat]她要求下次開會前不要向任何人透露她的決定。Sherequestedthatnoonebetoldofherdecisionuntilthenextmeeting.她要求不要向任何人談起她的決定。Sherequestedthatnooneshouldbetoldofherdecision.2.Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.一旦你把汽車停錯了地方，交通警很快就會發現。1)英語中指每個人/任何人的不定代詞通常是one:e.g.一個人永遠不會知道明天將會發生什么事。(即大家都不知道)Onecanneverknowwhatwillhappentomorrow.但在日常會話中，非正式的you則更為常用：e.g.如果你進行一次環球旅行的話，你就會看到許多風景勝地。(you為泛指)Ifyoumakeajourneyaroundtheworld,you’llseemanybeautyspots.2)park[pɑ:k]\o"真人發音"v.,n.v.1.toleaveavehiclethatyouaredrivinginaparticularplaceforaperiodoftime.停(車)；泊(車)e.g.[v]此處不準停車。Youcan’tparkhere.[vn]此處禁止停車。Youcan’tparkthecarhere.2.[vn.+adv./prep.]~yourself(informal)tositorstandinaparticularplaceforaperiodoftime坐下(或站著)e.g.她坐在床沿上。Sheparkedherselfontheedgeofthebed.n.1.[c]anareaofpubliclandinatownoracitywherepeoplegotowalk,playandrelax公園e.g.我們去公園散了散步。Wewentforawalkinthepark.2.(incompounds構成復合詞)anareaoflandusedforaparticularpurpose專用區；園區e.g.商業/科學園區abusiness/sciencepark野生動物園awildlifepark(wildlifen.[u]野生動物；野生生物)3.[c](inBritain)anenclosedareaofland,usuallywithfieldsandtrees,attachedtoalargecountryhouse(英國)莊園；庭院4.[c](AmE)apieceoflandforplayingsports,esp.baseball運動場；(尤指)棒球場5.(thepark)(BrE)afootballorrugbyfield足球場；橄欖球場(rugby[?r?ɡbi]n.[u]橄欖球運動)3)句尾的it代指的是句子的整個if從句，即你把汽車停錯了地方這件事。parkingn.[u]1.theactofstoppingavehicleataplaceandleavingitthereforaperiodoftime停車；泊車e.g.上午九時至下午六時此處禁止停車。Thereisnoparkingherebetween9a.m.and6p.m.2.aspaceoranareaforleavingvehicles停車場；停車位parkinglotn.(AmE)anareawherepeoplecanleavetheircars停車場(lot[l?t]\o"真人發音"n.[c](作某種用途的)一塊地，場地)parkingticket(alsoticket)n.違章停車傳票3)traffic[?tr?fik]\o"真人發音"n.,v.n.[u]1.thevehiclesthatareonaroadataparticulartime路上行駛的車輛；交通e.g.繁忙的/高峰時刻的交通heavy/rush-hourtraffic交通警察trafficpolice2.themovementofships,trains,aircraft,etc.alongaparticularroute(沿固定路線的)航行，行駛，飛行e.g.空中交通管制airtrafficcontrol橫渡大西洋的航行transatlantictraffic(transatlantic[?tr?ns?t?l?nt?k]adj.[obn]1.橫渡大西洋的；橫越大西洋的2.大西洋兩岸國家的3.在大西洋彼岸的；來自大西洋彼岸的)e.g.旅客現在可以電子購票。Passengerscannowbeticketedelectronically.(electronic[ilek?tr?nik]adj.[ubn]1.(ofadevice裝置)電子的；電子器件的2.電子設備的；電子器件的electronicallyadv.用電子方法；用電子裝置)2.[usuallypassive](esp.AmE)togivesb.anofficialnoticethatordersthemtopayafinebecausetheyhavedonesth.illegalwhiledrivingorparkingacar發出交通違章通知單e.g.違章停車就可能收到罰款單。Parkillegally,andyou’relikelytobeticketed.Phr.v.beticketedforsth.(esp.AmE)tobeintendedforaparticularpurpose被指定為；被委派為ticketingn.[u]theprocessofproducingandsellingtickets售票e.g.售票系統ticketingsystems4.However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Trafficpolicearesometimesverypolite.然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時也很客氣。this代指上句話所說的情況，即交通警一般都會給你罰款單。5.DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:'Sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.'有一次在瑞典度假，我發現我的車上有這樣一個字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是‘禁止停車’區。如果您對我們街上的標牌稍加注意，您在此會過得很愉快的。謹此提請注意。”1)note[n?ut]n.,v.n.1.[c]ashortpieceofwritingtohelpyouremembersth筆記，記錄e.g.請記下日期。Pleasemakeanoteofthedates.2.[c]ashortinformationletter短箋；便條e.g.她在廚房的餐桌上給杰克留了個便條。SheleftanoteforJackonthekitchentable.3.[c]apieceofpapermoney紙幣e.g.一張面值為5英鎊的紙幣a￡5note4.[c]ashortcomment(n.[?k?ment]評論；注釋；說明)onawordorpassageinabook注釋；按語批注e.g.參見第223頁的注釋16。SeeNote16onp.223.IDM:ofnote(formal)1.offameorimportance著名的，重要的e.g.有些(很有)知名度的作家awriterof(some/great)note2.worthnoticingorpayingattentionto值得注意：e.g.會上有值得注意的事情發生嗎？Didanythingofnotehappenatthemeeting?takenote(ofsth.)topayattentiontosth.andbesuretorememberit注意到；將…銘記在心e.g.牢記他說的話。Takenoteofwhathesays.留心一下天氣狀況。Takenoteoftheweatherconditions...v.(ratherformal)1.tonoticeorpaycarefulattentiontosth.注意；留意e.g.[vn]請注意這位作家為達到戲劇效果而使用一般現在式的手法。Notethewaythiswriterusesthepresenttensefordramaticeffect.[i?fekt]（n.結果；效果；作用；）[v.+that]請注意，票的數量有限。Pleasenotethattherearealimitednumberoftickets.請注意這張賬單必須在10天內付清。Pleasenotethatthisbillmustbepaidwithintendays.[v+wh-]注意看他怎樣操作這臺機器，并想法子照他那樣做。Notehowheoperates[??p?reit]themachineandtrytocopyhim.(copyvt.模仿；效法；仿效)2.tomentionsthbecauseitisimportantorinteresting指出；特別提到e.g.值得指出的是最成功的公司價格最低。Itisworthnotingthatthemostsuccessfulcompanieshadthelowestprices.Phr.v.notesth.downtowritedownsth.importantsothatyouwillnotforgetit記錄；記下notebook[?n?utbuk]n.1筆記本(簿)2.(alsonotebookcomputer)筆記本(電腦)；筆記本計算機laptop[?l?p?t?p]n.膝上型計算機；便攜式電腦notedadj.~(for/assth)wellknownbecauseofaspecialskillorfeature(以…)見稱，聞名，著名synonym:famouse.g.著名的舞蹈演員anoteddancer他沒什么幽默感。Heisnotnotedforhissenseofhumour.這個湖作為許多鳥類的棲息地遐邇聞名。Thelakeisnotedasahometomanybirds.notepaper(alsowritingpaper)n.[u]信紙；便箋notable['n?ut?bl]adj.~(forsth)值得注意的；顯著的；重要的e.g.他的早期作品和后期作品之間有明顯的差異。Thereisanotabledifferencebetweenhisearlierandlaterwritings.

n.[usuallypl.]名人；重要人物e.g.許多著名人士參加了招待會。Manynotablesattendedthereception[ri?sep??n].(n.1.接待,接見;歡迎2.接待會;歡迎會;宴會[C])

notablyadv.1.尤其；特別synonym:especiallye.g.這房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地點和價格。Thehousehadmanydrawbacks,mostnotablyitslocation([l?u?kei??n]n.位置；場所)andprice.(drawback[?dr?:b?k]n.缺點；缺陷；不利條件)2.極大程度上；非常synonym:remarkablye.g.這個項目沒有取得很大的成功。Thishasnotbeenanotablysuccessfulproject.2)NoParking原來是交通標牌上的一句話，在句中作area的定語。類似的由若干個詞合成的詞組型定語還有：anever-to-be-forgottenday(一個永遠也不能忘掉的日子)，awell-to-dofamily(一個富裕的家庭)等。well-to-doadj.havingalotofmoney;rich有錢的；富有的；富裕的e.g.他們很闊綽。Theyareverywell-to-do.3)area[???ri?]n.1.[c]partofaplace,town,etc.,oraregionofacountryortheworld(地方、城市、國家、世界的)地區，地域e.g.荒漠地區desert[?dez?t]areas農村/城市地區rural/urbanareas內城區inner-cityareas(rural[?ru?r?l]adj.鄉下的;鄉村的;農村的urban[??:b?n]adj.城市的；城鎮的；都市的)60年前有一半法國人仍然生活在鄉村地區。SixtyyearsagohalftheFrenchpopulationstilllivedinruralareas.2.[c]apartofaroom,buildingorparticularspacethatisusedforaspecialpurpose(房間、建筑物、處所劃為某用途的)地方，場地，區e.g.旅館接待處thehotelreceptionarea游戲場地；停車場aplay/parkingarea3.[c]aparticularplaceonanobject(物體上的)區，部位：e.g.你會注意到你的寶寶頭頂上有兩處柔軟的地方。Youwillnoticethatyourbabyhastwosoftareasonthetopofhishead.4.[c]~(ofsth.)aparticularsubjectoractivity,oranaspectofit領域；方面：e.g.健身俱樂部是近年來發展迅速的領域。Thebiggrowthareaofrecentyearshasbeeninhealthclubs.語言教學領域的發展developmentsintheareaoflanguageteaching5.[c,u]theamountofspacecoveredbyaflatsurfaceorpieceofland,describedasameasurement面積e.g.三角形的面積theareaofatriangle([?trai??ɡl]n.三角形)這個房間面積是12平方米。Theroomis12squaremetresinarea.(squareadj.1.正方形的；四方形的2.(用于數字后表示面積)平方)前花園的面積是多少？What’stheareaofthefrontgarden?4)signn.,v1.[c,u]~(ofsth)/~(that…)anevent,anaction,afact,etc.thatshowsthatsth.exists,ishappeningormayhappeninthefuture跡象；征兆；預兆synonym:indication[,?ndi'kei??n]n.[c,u]~(ofsth/ofdoingsth/~(that…)表明；標示；顯示；象征)e.g.頭疼可能是緊張的跡象。Headachesmaybeasignofstress.(n.1.[u,c]精神壓力；心理負擔；緊張2.[u,c]~(onsth.)壓力)哪兒都沒有約翰的影子。ThereisnosignofJohnanywhere.她的工作出現了一些改進的跡象。Herworkisshowingsomesignsofimprovement.2.[c]apieceofpaper,woodormetalthathaswritingorapictureonitthatgivesyouinformation,instructions,awarning,etc.招牌;標牌;指示牌;告示牌;標志(writingn.1.[u]寫；書寫；寫作2.[u]著作；文字作品；文章3.(writings)[pl.](某作家或專題的)著作，作品4.[u](書寫或印刷的)文字5.[u]筆跡；字跡；書法)e.g.道路/交通標志aroad/trafficsign商店/酒吧招牌ashop/pubsign墻上的牌子上寫著“請洗手”。Thesignonthewallsaid‘Nowwashyourhands’.3.[c]amovementorsoundthatyoumaketotellsb.sth.示意的動作(或聲音)；手勢e.g.她點頭示意我們坐下。Shenodded[n?d]asasignforustositdown.4.[c]amarkusedtorepresent[,repri'zent]sth.esp.inmathematics符號；記號e.g.加/減號aplus[pl?s]/minus['main?s]sign表示英鎊/美元的符號apound/dollarsignIDM:asignofthetimessomethingthatyoufeelshowswhatthingsarelikenow,esp.howbadtheyare時代特征(含貶義)v.1.towriteyournameonadocument,letter,etc.toshowthatyouhavewrittenit,thatyouagreewithwhatitsays,orthatitisgenuine(['d?enjuin]adj.1.真的；名副其實的2.真誠的；誠實的；可信賴的)簽(名)，署(名)；簽字，簽署e.g.[v]請在這里簽名。Signyournamehere,please.[vn]這封信您還沒有署名。Youhaven’tsignedtheletter.在協議/合同/支票上簽字tosignadeal/contract/cheque(AmEcheck)2.toarrangeforsb.,forexampleasportsplayerormusician,tosignacontractagreeingtoworkforyourcompany;tosignacontractagreeingtoworkforacompany和…簽約(或應聘)：e.g.[v]樂隊同維京唱片公司簽了約。ThebandsignedwithVirginRecords.(virginadj.1.[ubn]未開發的；原始狀態的；天然的；未改變的；未觸動的2.[obn]處女的；貞潔的；童貞的)[vn]這個公司最近和一名新演員簽約。Thecompanyhasjustsignedanewactor.3.~(tosb.)(todosth.)tomakearequestortellsb.todosth.byusingasign,esp.ahandmovement示意；打手勢：e.g.旅館經理示意行李工替我拿箱子。Thehotelmanagersignedtotheportertopickupmycase.(porter[?p?:t?]n.1.行李員；搬運工2.(醫院里護送病人的)護工3.門衛)(picksth.up拿起；舉起；提起)4.tousesignlanguagetocommunicatewithsb.打手勢語：e.g.[vn]現在越來越多的戲劇配上了手勢語。Anincreasingnumberofplaysarenowbeingsigned.[v]為幫助她耳聾的孩子，她學會了手勢語。Shelearnttosigntohelpherdeafchild.Phr.v.1.signforsth.tosignadocumenttoshowthatyouhavereceivedsth.簽收e.g.有人已經簽收了這個包裹。Someonehassignedforthepackage.2.signsth.awaytogivesomethingupformallybysigningapaper簽字放棄(某物)e.g.他簽字放棄他在那筆財產中應得的一份。Hesignedawayhisshareintheproperty.3.signin/out//signsb.in/outtowriteyour/sb.’snamewhenyouarriveatorleaveanoffice,aclub,etc.簽到/退；替…簽到/簽退e.g.來客均需簽到。Allvisitorsmustsigninonarrival.客人離開俱樂部時，你必須為他們簽退。Youmustsignguestsoutwhentheyleavetheclub.4.signsth.over(tosb.)togiveyourrightsorpropertytosb.elsebysigningadocument簽字轉讓(權利或財產)e.g.她簽署了轉讓手續，把房子過到女兒名下。Shehassignedthehouseovertoherdaughter.5.signup(forsth.)toarrangetodoacourseofstudybyaddingyournametothelistofpeopledoingit報名(參加課程)signature[?siɡnit??]n.1.[c]簽名；署名2.[u](formal)簽名；署名；簽字；簽署signboardn.(商店、旅館等的)招牌，告示牌，廣告牌5)reminder[r??ma?nd?]n.1.~(ofsb./sth.)/~(that…)somethingthatmakesyouthinkaboutorremembersb./sth.,thatyouhaveforgottenorwouldliketoforget引起回憶的事物；提醒人的事物e.g.這些照片總能使人回憶起二十世紀二十年代的生活。Thephotographsarealastingreminderoflifeinthe1920s.(lastingadj.[ubn]繼續存在的；持久的；耐久的)2.aletterornoteinformingsb.thattheyhavenotdonesth.(告知該做某事的)通知單，提示信e.g.他還沒有付賬，我們最好寄給他一封催款信。Hehasn’tpaidhisbill.We’dbettersendhimareminder.remind[ri?maind]v.~sb.(about/ofsth.)tohelpsb.remembersth.importantthattheymustdo提醒；使想起e.g.[vn]對不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好嗎？I’msorry,I’veforgottenyourname.Canyouremindme?[vntoinf]提醒我在出去之前給瑪麗打電話。RemindmetophoneMarybeforeIgoout.[vn(that)]旅客們請注意，本次列車禁止吸煙。Passengersarereminded(that)nosmokingisallowedonthistrain.[vnwh-]誰能告訴我下一步該做什么？CansomeoneremindmewhatIshoulddonext?Phr.v.remindsb.ofsb./sth.使想起(類似的人、地方、事物等)：e.g.你說這樣的話，使我想起了你的父親。Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.這股氣味使我想起了法國。ThatsmellremindsmeofFrance.6.Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!如果你收到這樣的懇求，你是不會不遵照執行的！1)fail和refuse,forget等相似，是具有否定意義的動詞。雖然一個句子中一般只能有一個否定詞，但有時也會有cannotfail這樣兩個否定詞同時出現在一個句子中的情況，這時它們構成雙重否定。雙重否定用來表示肯定。因此，這句話的意義實際上就是“你會遵照執行的”。又如：e.g.你一定不要拒絕我。(即你一定要答應我)Youmustnotrefuseme.fail[feil]v.1.~(insth.)tonotbesuccessfulinachievingsth.失敗；未能（做到）e.g.(1)我未能說服她。Ifailedinmyattempttopersuadeher.(2)她未能進入藝術學院。Shefailedtogetintoartcollege.2.tonotpassatestoranexam;todecidethatsb./sth.hasnotpassedatestoranexam不及格，評定不及格e.g.他駕駛執照考試不及格。Hefailedhisdrivingtest.3.未做；未履行(某事)：e.g.[v]他認為他如果不報告就是失職。Hefelthewouldbefailinginhisdutyifhedidnotreportit.[vtoinf]他未履約。Hefailedtokeeptheappointment.每周他必定發電子郵件。Heneverfailstoe-maileveryweek.4.[v]tostopworking出故障；失靈e.g.我騎自行車下山到中途剎車失靈了。Thebrakesonmybikefailedhalfwaydownthehill.5.[v](esp.intheprogressivetenses尤用于進行時)tobecomeweak衰退e.g.她的視力日漸衰退。Hereyesightisfailing.6.[v]tobeunabletocontinue倒閉；破產：e.g.經濟衰退期間有幾