2025年大學英語四級考試模擬試卷三[問答題]1.Therearetwodifferentviewsabouthealthcare：oneisthathealthcareshould（江南博哥）befreeforeveryoneandtheotheristhatpeopleshouldpaymedicalcoststhemselves.Youaretogiveyourownopinion.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyouropinion.?正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：高分范文FreeHealthCareHealthcarehaslongbeenamajorconcerntothegovernmentandthepublic.Whenitcomestomedicalcharges，somepeoplethinkfreehealthcarecangreatlyimprovetheirqualityoflife.Othersarguethatcoveringthemedicalcostswillimposeaheavyburdenonthegovernment.AsfarasI'mconcerned，peoplehavetherighttoenjoyfreehealthcare.Manyremarkablereasonscontributetomyview.Foronething，citizenshavefulfilledtheirobligationstopaytaxes.Inthemeantime，theyshouldbeentitledtofreepublicserviceslikehealthcare.Foranother，therearestillagreatnumberofpeoplewholiveunderthepovertylinebutneedurgentmedicalcare.Therefore，freemedicalpolicycanextendthecoverageofmedicalcaretomorepeopleandreducethenumberofpeoplewhoriskfinancialruinbecauseofmedicalcosts.Insummary，eachindividualshouldhaveaccesstofreemedicalcare，whichisthebasicsocialwelfare.Andagreaterroleforthegovernmenttoplayinhealthcareshouldbeadvocated.[問答題]2.春節是中國的傳統節日，相當于美國的圣誕節。美國小孩能從圣誕老人那里獲得圣誕禮物，而中國小孩則能從長輩那里得到“壓歲錢(luckymoney)”，這也是每個孩子過年時都熱切期盼的禮物。“壓歲錢”是長輩送給孩子的護身符(amulet)，表達了長輩對孩子的美好祝福，據說可以使孩子平平安安地度過新的一年。“壓歲錢”可在晚輩磕頭拜年后當眾賞給，也可在除夕夜孩子睡著時，家長偷偷地放在孩子的枕頭底下。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：參考譯文TheSpringFestival，atraditionalfestivalinChina，isasimportantasChristmasDayinAmerica.JustasAmericanchildrengetChristmaspresentsfromSantaClaus，Chinesekidsgetluckymoneyfromtheirelders，whichisagiftthateverykideagerlylooksforwardtoduringthefestival.Luckymoneyisanamuletthattheeldersgivetotheirkids，expressingtheirbestwishesforthekids.Itissaidthatluckymoneycanmaketheladshaveasafeandpeacefulnewyear.NotonlycanluckymoneybegiventothekidsthemomenttheypayaNewYearcallandkowtowtotheelders，butalsoitcanbesecretlyputunderthepillowbytheeldersafterthekidsfallasleeponNewYear'sEve.共享題干題Athirdoftheplanet'slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear，accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture.Thealarming26_____，whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases，willaddtotherisksofconflictsunless27_____actionsareimplemented，warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport."Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows，competitionis28_____forlandwithincountriesandglobally,"saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthe.launchoftheGlobalLandOutlook."To29_____thelosses，theOutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition."TheGlobalLandOutlookis30_____asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype，mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization，climatechange，erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31_____ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling，multipleharvestsand32_____useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]2.空白處27.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：N參考解析：空格處于unless引導的條件狀語從句中，空格后是名詞actions，因此應填入一個形容詞修飾從句的主語actions。上文提到，隨著對食物和多產土地需求的增加，這一令人擔憂的土地數量的減少將會增加沖突。根據語境可推測，為避免這種風險，就應采取相應的補救措施，因此N)remedial“補救的，糾正的”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]3.空白處28.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：H參考解析：空格前是be動詞is，分析句子結構可知，空格處可以填入形容詞作is的表語，也可以填入動詞的分詞形式與is一起構成句子的謂語。上文提到，健康、多產的土地供應枯竭，而人口在不斷增長，這就勢必會導致各國乃至全球對土地的競爭日趨激烈，因此H)intensifying“（使）增強，（使）加劇”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]4.空白處29.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：J參考解析：分析句子結構可知，本句話句子結構完整，再由句首的to不難得出空格所在部分是一個目的狀語，故空格處應填入動詞原形。上文提到了健康、多產的土地日益減少以及各國乃至全球對土地的競爭愈加激烈，下文提到我們應該后退一步，重新思考如何處理這些壓力和競爭。根據語境推測，我們這么做的目的是將上文提到的激烈競爭帶來的損失最小化，故J）minimize“最小化，把……減至最低”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]5.空白處30.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：C參考解析：空格前是is，因此空格處應填入動詞的分詞形式與is一起構成句子謂語，或填入形容詞作is的表語。此外，無論填入形容詞還是動詞的分詞形式，都應該能與as搭配使用。空格后提到，該報告描繪了城市化、氣候變化、水土流失和森林損失之間相互關聯的影響，因此該報告被認為是對土地情況最全面的研究。“bill…as…”是固定搭配，意為“把……宣傳為……”，故C）billed為答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]6.空白處31.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：F參考解析：空格前是定冠詞the，空格后是介詞of，因此空格處應填入名詞。此處介紹的是導致健康、多產的土地減少的因素，又根據下文提到的重耕多收可知，此處應該指機械化農業的擴張，故F)expansion“增加，擴張”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]7.空白處32.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：B參考解析：空格后是名詞use，且分析句子結構可知，and連接三個并列的名詞性短語，因此空格處應填入形容詞修飾use，且該形容詞應與heavy和multiple語義場一致。空格所在句的意思是：三個因素都增加了農業產量，此處指的應是大量使用農用化學品，故B)abundant“充裕的，豐富的”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]8.空白處33.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：G參考解析：空格前是定冠詞the，空格后是介詞of，因此空格處應填入名詞，構成“atthe+名詞+of”短語。上文提到，健康、多產的土地大量流失，此處說的是重耕多收以及大量使用農用化學品都增加了農業產量，而這是以我們失去土地長期可持續性發展為代價的，因此G)expense“花費，代價”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]9.空白處34.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：E參考解析：分析句子結構可知，空格所在句缺少謂語，因此應填入動詞，且根據主語this及本文時態為現在時可知，該謂語動詞應該使用第三人稱單數形式。上文提到，機械化農業的擴張導致土地失去可持續發展的能力，再結合下文中的土地被撂荒可知，此處說的是隨著時間的推移，土地生產力下降了，故E）diminishes“降低，削弱”為本題答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]10.空白處35.應填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正確答案：O參考解析：分析句子結構可知，本句句子成分完整，因此空格處所填詞應作句子的狀語，故應填入副詞。上文提到，隨著時間的推移，土地生產力下降，這會導致土地被撂荒并最終土地沙漠化，因此O）ultimately“最后，最終”為本題答案。TakeNap8atWork.ApologizetoNoOne(A)InthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork，atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn'tfeelbetteraboutit，andmyproductivityreflectsit，too.(B)Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos—likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk—thatwe'retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails，surelyitmustmeanthey'reslackingoff(偷懶).Orsotheassumptiongoes.(C)Restfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivity.It'seasiertostayonavirtualhamster(倉鼠)wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.(D)Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday，saidJoshBersin，principalandfounderofBersinbyDeloitte."They'rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem，andtheycan'tjustsaytopeople，‘Here'sawork-lifebalancecourse，goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,'"Mr.Bersinsaid.“It'swaymorecomplicatedthanthat."(E)Tobesure，theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread，expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout，andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.(F)Inanidealworld，we'dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Here'sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou'redraggingafterlunch.(G)InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience，researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest，butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance，andthosewhotooka60-nunutenapevenreversedit.(H)"Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaspecificqualityofnap,"saidSaraMednick，aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia，Riverside.(I)Dr.Mednick，asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife，saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep，anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]11.Participants'perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentests，accordingtoanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正確答案：G參考解析：由題干中的perceptualperformance和NatureNeuroscience定位到原文G）段。G）段提到，發表在《自然·神經科學》上的研究表明，感知力隨著每一次測試而逐漸變差，但在測試之間小睡30分鐘的實驗對象的感知力停止了惡化，那些睡了60分鐘的人的感知力甚至發生了逆轉。該段中but之后有兩個并列句，分別介紹了兩組人的實驗結果。由此可知，那些睡了60分鐘的人的感知力發生了逆轉，也就是睡了60分鐘的實驗對象的感知力變好了。題干中的participants和becamebetter分別是定位句中subjects和reversed的同義轉述，故G)為答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]12.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousrughtcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正確答案：Q參考解析：由題干中的JeromeSiegel和thepreviousnight定位到原文Q)段第一句。定位句提到，西格爾先生表示，解決白天困乏的唯一真正辦法始于前一天晚上一整晚的安穩睡眠。題干中的sleepingsoundly和tackletheirwearinessduringtheday分別對應定位句中的asolidnight'ssleep和solvedaytimesleepinessandfatigue，故Q）為答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]13.Ourtalentiscloselylinkedtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正確答案：M參考解析：由題干中的concentration、technology和24/7定位到原文M)段。M)段第一句首先發出疑問：我們是如何走到這一步的——天資被牢牢地捆綁在長時間且精神高度集中的工作上？接著第二句回答道：得怪科技，但不要只聯想到智能手機和手提電腦；真正的問題是科技已讓我們隨時能被聯系到。題干中的talent和accessible分別是定位句中aptitude和available的同義轉述。由此可知，題干是對該段的概括總結，故M）為答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]14.Takinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedintheworkplace.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正確答案：B參考解析：由題干中的takinganapatwork和workplace定位到原文B)段第一、二句。定位句表明，工作時間小睡是職場禁忌之一——就像離開你的辦公桌去吃午飯或者下午散個步一樣——都是我們被教導要鄙視的行為。如果有人在下午兩點鐘小睡一會兒，而我們其他人卻在瘋狂地寫備忘錄和回復郵件，毫無疑問，這肯定意味著那些睡午覺的人在偷懶。題干中的laziness對應定位段中的slackingoff;題干中的heldincontempt是對定位句中lookdownon的同義轉述，故B）為答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunuten