UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionIILearningAbout

Language

基礎達標練

I.單句語法填空

1.—Areyoualocalpersoninthecountryside?

—IwasborninWashingtonD.C.,butthisiswhereIgrewup.

2.Hewenttothehospitalforamedicalexamination.Andthatiswhyhe

wasabsentfromthemeeting.

3.Manypeoplearcnotfullyawareofthedamagethatitdocstotheirhealth.This

iswhywechosethispictureasourlogo.

4.Themixtureofbetterjobs,specialgovernmentpoliciesandhavingsponsorsfor

studyingabroadiswhatliesbehindthechangestoChina'sbraindrain.

5.Thereasonshegaveforbeinglatewasthattheheavysnowprevented

hercoming.

6.Thereasonwhyshepreferredcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasy

accesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.

7.Al1themistakesIevermadeinmylifewerewhenIwantedtosay

"No"andsaid"Yes".

8.—Iheardyouwantedtostudyfurtherinaforeigncollege.

—Yes,that*swhyItrymybesttolearnEnglishwell.

9.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouare

busymakingotherplans.

10.—Ourcountryisdevelopingatanamazingspeed!

一Yes.Thisiswhatmakesmefeelsoproud.

11.Whatmadetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudents

hadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.

12.Whatalltheinventionshaveincommonisthattheyhavesucceeded.

13.Thismodernhotel,inwhichthevisitorscanenjoythebestserviceinthecity,

iswhereMarystayedlasttime.

14.WhatTom'sparentsreallydoubtiswhetherhewi11recoverfrom

theseriousdiseasesoon.

15.WhatamazedtheNBAworldisthatKobeBryantscored81pointsjust

inonegame.

II.句型轉換

1.Thatitwastoovaluableforeverydayusewasaproblem.

-*Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.

2.Thisisthethingthat1wanttotellyou.

fThisiswhatIqanttotellyou.

3.Myideaistostartmakingpreparationsrightnow.

-*MyideaisthatIshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.

4.Whetherthefilmisworthseeingisaquestion.

-*Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.

5.YouarenotthemanwhoIthoughtyouwere.

fYouarenotwhatIthoughtyouwere.

m.完成句子

i.真正重要的不在于別人怎么看待你，而在于你怎么看待你自己。（表語從句）

Whatreallymattersisnothowothersthinkofyoubuthowyouthinkcf

yourself.

2.給我印象最深的是這一儀器的發明者是一位中學生。（表語從句）

WhatimpressedmemostwasIhatIhedevicewasinventedbyahighschool

student.

3.問題是你能否在大多數人反對的情況下堅持自己的觀點。（表語從句）

Thepioblemisuhelhe。youcanslickI。yourpuiiilviewwhilemost

peopleareagainstit.

4.我獲悉了你對英語校報的改革方案，那就是為什么我寫信發表我自己觀點。

IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat"swhyI'm

writingtovoicemyopinion.

5.事實是地球表面超過百分之七十都是被水覆蓋的。（表語從句）

ThalfaclisIhalmorethanseventypercentoftheearth,ssurfaceiscoveredby

water.

素養綜合練

I.閱讀理解

(2020湖南五市十校高二上學期第一次聯考)

JohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedof

learningnewideasandhandIingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertried

topersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeing

amathematicicin,sovonNeumanncigreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,

hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPhDinmathematics.Fromthen

on,mathematicspi'ovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.

In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecame

aprofessorthere.Bisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstitutefor

AdvancedStudywasforned,andhebecameoneoftne6full-timepeople(Einstein

wasoneoftheothers).

WorldWarIIhugelychangedvonNeumann*sareasofinterest.Until1940he

hadbeenagreatpuremathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneof

thebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.Duringthelast

partofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveral

outstandingcontributions.Afterthewar>vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwith

computers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmany

awards,wasthepresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberof

theAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.

VonNeumainimadeseveralgiealconliibuLiuiisandanyoneoflliemwouldhave

beenenoughtoearnhinafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneof

thegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.

VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstories

abouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislagend.Hereportedoneaccident

thisway,“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmein

anorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlycneofthemsteppedinmypath.

1.Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann,sfatherbelievedthat

A.amathematiciancouldn,tearnalotofmoney

B.amathematicianneededagoodmemory

C.vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametime

D.vonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed

2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheagoof.

A.23B.26C.29D.32

3.HowdidWorldWarIIaffectJohnvonNeumann?

A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.

B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.

C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.

D.Helostinterestinchemistry.

4.WhatcanweconcludeaboutvonNeumannbasedonthetext?

A.Hehadthreechildren.

B.Hediedinanaccident.

C.Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife.

D.HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesatPrincetonUniversity.

答案：1.A

解析：1.

［語篇解讀］

本文主要介紹了約翰?馮?諾依曼的生平事跡以及他為人類社會做出的重大貢獻。

【命題立意】細節理解題。【解題思路】根據第一段中的hisfathertriedtopersuadehim

nottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician

可知，他父親認為數學家的生活會很貧窮，所以A項正確。

答案：2.C

解析：2.【命題立意】推理判斷題。【解題思路】根據第一段中的In1926,at23,hereceived

adegreeinchemicalengineering可知，他出生在1903年。然后由第二段中的Hisfirst

bookwaspublishedin1932.可以計算出他第一本書出版是在他29歲時，所以答案選C。

答案：3.B

解析：3.【命題立意】細節理解題。【解題思路】由第三段中的Duringandafterthewar,

hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.

可知，在戰爭期間和戰后他開始把數學理論應用于實踐，所以B項正確。

答案：4.C

解析：4.【命題立意】細節理解題。【解題思路】根據第三段中的Hereceivedmanyawards

可知C項正確。

H.語法填空

A

(2020江蘇揚州中學高二上學期月考試題)

TheairplanemakerAirbushasannouncedplans](quit)makingits

famousA380airplane.TheA380istheworld'slargestpassengerairplaneand

2(be)inservicefor12years.Peoplesaiditwasthefutureofflying.However,

3(shift)inthedemandsofpassengersmeantthedaysofhuge,four-engine

passengerplaneswereover.Airbusdecidedtostopthe4(produce)of

the541-seatA380.Thedecisionwasduetosalesthatwerenot5

satisfyingasexpected.AirbussaiditwouldnolongerbuildtheA380in2C21.

Significantjoblossesatcompanieslinkedtotheplanewillbe6

(necessary)caused.

TheA380first7(fly)inApril2005.Britain,sleadercalledit

auniquesymbolofeconomicstrengthwhi1eSpain's1eadercalleditadream.The

jetsweredesignedtomakeairportslessbusybyreducing8numberof

planeswhichwasontheincreaseinthesky.However,boomingairtravelbrought

thedemandfortwin-engineplanesthatcanflynon-stopto9people

waultolravel.AnAirbusspukespexsonsaidllieA380wasaupassengermagiielw,

andhewas10(disappoint)thattheairline'smisunderstoodand

marketeditpoorly.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

答案：1.toquit

解析：1.［語篇解讀］本文介紹了空中客車公司生產的A380飛機的歷史和面臨的問題。

考查非謂語動詞。句意：飛機制造商空中客車公司宣布，計劃停止生產其著名的A380飛機。

此處用不定式作后置定語修飾plans,故填toquito

答案：2.hasbeen

解析：2.考杳時態。句意：A380是世界上最大的客機，已經在役12年了。根據時間狀語for

12years以及前面的時態可知，應使用現在完成時。故用hasbeen。

答案：3.shifts

解析：3.考查名詞的數。句意：然而，乘客需求的變化意味著大型四引擎客機的時代已經結

束。shift作“改變”講時為可數名詞，在此處應用復數形式。

答案：4.production

解析：4.考查名詞。句意：空中客車公司決定停止生產541座的A380客機。設空處在句中

作stop的賓語，故用名詞形式。

答案：5.as/so

解析：5.考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，此處為notso/as…as…結構。

答案：6.necessarily

解析：6.考查副詞。設空處修飾動詞，應用副詞形式。

答案：7.flew

解析：7.考查時態。句意：A380于2005年4月首次飛行。句子中有明顯表示過去的時間狀

語，時態應用一■般過去時。

答案：8.the

解析：8.考查冠詞。thenumberof…意為"...的數量”。

答案：9.where

解析：9.考查名詞性從句。設空處引導賓語從句，表示地點，故用where。

答案：10.disappointed

解析：10.考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處應用disyppuiul的形容詞形式，設空處修飾

人，故用disappointed0

B

TheUniversityofBirmingham,UK,decided](accept)theGaokao

resultsforhigh-flyingChinesestudents2(wish)tojoinitsundergracuate

coursesin2019.Highschoolstudents3completetheNationalUnified

ExaminationforAdmissionstoGeneralUniversitiesandColleges(.orGaokao)with

topgradescanapplyto4(direct)enterBirminghamdegreeprograms5

attendingafoundation(基礎)year.

Gaokao,which6(hold)acrossChinainearlyJune,isincreasingly

acceptedbyuniversitiesinAustralia,theUSA,CanadaandmainlandEurope.

Birminghamwillbeonlyconsideringhighqualitystudentswhoachieveaminimum

(最小值)of80%ofGaokaoscoresandmeetadditionalacademicandEnglishlanguage

7(require).

ProfessorJonFrampton,DirectoroftheUniversityofBirmingham'sChina

Institutesaid,“IamgladthattheuniversityisnowacceptingtheGaokao.This

givesthe8(bright)andbestChinesestudents9opportunity

tomovestraight(直接)intothefirstyearofourundergraduateprogramsand

experiencethebenefitsofstudyingata10(globe)top100university.”

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.