PAGEUnit2其次課時UsinglanguageⅠ.詞匯初探1．worthwhileadj.值得做的；有價值的；有用的→worthadj.值……錢；相當(dāng)于……的價值→worthyadj.有價值的；值得……的；可敬的2．blanketn.毯子；毛毯3．cucumbern.黃瓜4．enthusiasticadj.熱忱的；熱心的→enthusiasmn.熱忱；熱心5．upsetadj.不安的；擔(dān)心的vt.使擔(dān)心；使心煩→upset/upset/upsetting(過去式/過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)6．electvt.選舉；推選→electionn.選擇；選舉Ⅱ.短語互譯1．充分地；盡可能地to_the_full/fullest2．由……組成be_made_up_of3．起起伏伏ups_and_downs4．對……有影響have_an_effect_on5．lendsb.anear傾聽6．cheersb.up使……振作起來7．comeacross偶遇8．contributeto對……做出貢獻(xiàn)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasyto_maintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱忱的看法并不總是簡單的。2．Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.(P18)看到光明的一面是我們能為自己和他人做的最好的事情。3．Whydon'tyoutellmewhat's_up？(P19)你為什么不告知我出什么事了？Ⅳ.語法初探——單句語法填空1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.2.(2024·浙江卷)Butsomestudentsdidn'twantto_wear(wear)theuniform.3.(2024·天津)Ididn'tmeanto_eat(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptrying(try)it.4．Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeing_recognized(recognize)．5．It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?1eq\a\vs4\al(worthwhileadj.值得做的，有價值的，有用的)[教材原句]Eventhoughbeingascouthasitschallenges,Ifeelitisworthwhile.(P17)盡管當(dāng)童子軍有挑戰(zhàn)，但我覺得這是值得的。eg.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.然而這個傍晚讓這一切都是值得的。[歸納拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1It'sworthwhiledoingsth.,It'sworthwhiletodosth.))值得做某事(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beworth＋n.值得……,bewellworthdoingsth.很值得做某事))(3)theworthof……的價值[名師點津]worth一般只作表語，需用程度副詞well修飾，不行用very修飾；而worthwhile既可作表語又可作定語。[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Itisworthwhilevisiting/to_visitthebeautifulWestLake.參觀漂亮的西湖是值得的。②Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting(collect)．2eq\a\vs4\al(effectn.結(jié)果；效力)[教材原句]Agoodattitudecanhaveapositiveeffectonotherpeople.(P18)一個好的看法會對別人產(chǎn)生主動的影響。eg.Themedicinealsohasapositiveeffecton/upontheheartandthebloodflow.這種藥對心臟和血液流淌也有主動的影響。[歸納拓展](1)haveaneffecton/upon對……有效；對……產(chǎn)生影響put/bringoeffect實施；實行；使生效comeintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、規(guī)則或制度)生效；實施ofnoeffect沒有效果的；沒有影響的sideeffect副作用(2)effectiveadj.有效的；實際的[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①It'sreportedthatthisregulationwillcome_into_effectfromSeptember1,2024.據(jù)報道本章程自2021年9月1日起生效。②Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectson/uponoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.③Oneofthemosteffective(effect)waystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())upsetadj.不安的；苦惱的vt.使擔(dān)心；使心煩upset，upset，upsetting[教材原句]Whyareyousoupset？(P19)你為什么這么難受？[歸納拓展](1)beupsetabout/over/atsth.為某事煩心beupsettodosth.對做某事感到擔(dān)心/難受beupsetthat...……讓人擔(dān)心(2)upsetoneselfaboutsth.為某事而苦惱Itupsetssb.todosth./that...讓某人心煩的是……[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①It_upsets_me_tothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤身一人守著那所大房子，我就感到不舒適。②Inmyopinion，thereisnopointbeingupsetabout/over/atit.③Hestoodupsuddenly,upsetting(upset)aglassofwine.④Shewasupsetto_know(know)thatherapplicationforthepositionwasrefused.[熟詞生義]①Iupsetacupofcoffeeonhisshirt，makingmequiteembarrassed.(vt.打翻)②Allmyplanswereupsetbythesuddenchangeintheweather.(vt.打亂)1eq\a\vs4\al(bemadeupof構(gòu)成；組成)[教材原句]Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱忱的看法并不總是簡單的。[歸納拓展]makeup組成；編造；化妝；彌補；和好makeupfor彌補……bemadeof/from由……制成bemadeinto把……制成bemadeoutof由……制成bemadein(某物)產(chǎn)于某地makeit獲得勝利；準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)makeout看清；分清；分辨清晰[即時鞏固](1)寫出下列句中makeup的漢語意思①Thequarrelwasonlyaboutatrivialmatter,butitwasyearsbeforetheymadeitup.講和；和好②TheteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupapoemaboutChristmas.編造③Somehowthecompanyhasgottomakeupforallthetimewe'velost.彌補；償還④Whenshegoesouttovisitfriends,sheisverymuchmadeup.化妝；裝扮⑤Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor,askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom.鋪床；整理(2)完成句子①Lifeismade_up_oftinytrifles.生活是由瑣碎的事構(gòu)成的。②Don'tmake_up_anyexcuseanymoreforyourcominglate.不要再為你來晚了編造任何理由了。2eq\a\vs4\al(passon傳遞；接著前進(jìn))[教材原句]Remember,yourattitudeiscontagious,somakesureyoupassonagoodone！(P18)記住，你的看法是有感染力的，所以肯定要傳遞好的看法！eg.Pleasepassonthemessagetoasmanypeopleaspossible.請將這個消息傳遞給盡可能多的人。[歸納拓展]passaway消逝；去世passby(時間)逝去pass...down(fromsb.)tosb.把……傳給……；把……往下傳pass...onto傳遞pass...offas...(某人)冒充成……passout暈倒passthrough經(jīng)驗；體驗passover忽視；省略[即時鞏固]完成句子①Attheparty,shepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactresswhichislaughedbyothers.在晚會上，她冒充有閱歷的演員，別人都訕笑她。②Inearlypassed_outwhenIsawalltheblood.看到那么多血，我差點暈了過去。3eq\a\vs4\al(comeacross偶然遇見；碰見)[教材原句]TodayIcameacrossmyfriendDawei.(P19)今日我遇到了我的摯友大偉。eg.Whilecleaningthehouseyesterday,Icameacrossanoldphotographofmymother.在打掃房屋時，我偶然發(fā)覺了一張媽媽的舊照片。[歸納拓展]comeabout發(fā)生comeon快點；加油；得了吧comeout出現(xiàn)；開花；發(fā)行；發(fā)表comeup(問題、安排等)被提及；升起；長出地面comeupwith提出cometo共計；達(dá)到；被想出[即時鞏固]單句語法填空①Asolutioncameupattheendofthemeeting.②Whenhecameacrossanewword,hewouldoftenlookitupinthedictionaryandfindoutitsexactmeaning.③Howdiditcomeaboutthatheknewwherewewere?④Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.4eq\a\vs4\al(contributeto有助于，促成，為……做貢獻(xiàn))[教材原句]Youfeelannoyedbecauseagroupmemberdoesn'twanttocontributetoyourgroup'swork.(P19)你感到惱火是因為一個小組成員不想為你的小組工作做貢獻(xiàn)。[歸納拓展](1)contributev．促成；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助；撰稿contribute...to/towards...向……捐獻(xiàn)……；向……投稿contributeideas/money/anarticle出辦法/捐錢/投稿(2)contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto/makecontributionsto對……做出貢獻(xiàn)[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Volunteeror,ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.做志愿者或者假如可以的話，給某個事業(yè)捐點兒錢。②Medicalnegligencewassaidtohavecontributedtoherdeath.③Thescientistwasrewardedbythegovernmentforhavingmadesuchagreatcontribution(contribute)tothecountry.④Theirinventionshavecontributedtodeveloping(develop)electricalengineering.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns，itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.P18生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱忱的看法并不總是簡單的。[句式分析]句中Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns屬于“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)常作緣由、條件、時間、方式或伴隨狀語，也可作后置定語。[歸納拓展]with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可細(xì)化為以下幾個情景：(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語。(2)with＋賓語＋todo。不定式和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。(3)with＋賓語＋done。過去分詞和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作已經(jīng)完成。(4)with＋賓語＋doing。賓語和動詞-ing之間是主動關(guān)系，動詞-ing所表示的動作和主句謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。[即時鞏固]單句語法填空①Withourincomesincreasing,moreandmoreofushaveprivatecars.②Witheverythingheneededbought(buy),heleftthestore.③Withsomanypeoplecommunicating(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.④Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothesto_wash(wash)．eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.P18看到光明的一面是我們能為自己和他人做的最好的事情。[句式分析]aswellas也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一樣好[歸納拓展]aswellas的用法：(1)用作連詞，連接兩個相同的成分，如名詞、形容詞等，通常不位于句首，相當(dāng)于notonly。當(dāng)aswellas連接主語時，謂語動詞必需和aswellas前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一樣(即與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個主語保持一樣，簡稱“就遠(yuǎn)原則”)。類似的詞還有togetherwith,alongwith,with,besides,but,except,including,ratherthan等。(2)用作介詞，相當(dāng)于besides,inadditionto，意為“除……之外(還有……)”，后面通常接名詞或動詞-ing形式。may/might(just)aswelldo...表示委婉的建議，一般是針對當(dāng)時的狀況提出另外的提議，意為“不妨……，還是……吧”。[即時鞏固]完成句子/單句語法填空①Shecansing；shecanplaythepianoas_well.她會唱歌，她也會彈鋼琴。②Theteacheraswellashisstudentswas(be)interestedinthefilm.③Thedeadlineoftheprojectisnear，sowemightaswellget(get)somehelp.非謂語動詞作賓語一、動詞不定式作賓語1．下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢登記面的口訣：決心學(xué)會想希望；拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選安排；同意懇求幫一幫。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;refuse，manage，care，pretend;offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我們一樣同意在校門口見面。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時，她假裝沒望見我。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。2．形式賓語it:在某些動詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式賓語，然后加賓語補足語，最終加不定式作真正的賓語。即“主語＋consider/think/find/feel/make/believe＋it＋adj./n.＋todosth.”。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為愛護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。3．可接“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞有：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,consider,know等。Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyourholiday?你確定去哪兒度假了嗎？二、動名詞作賓語1．下列動詞或詞組只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢登記面的口訣：考慮建議盼寬恕；承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避開錯過接著練；否認(rèn)完成就觀賞。禁止想象才冒險；不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon;admit，delay/putoff，fancy;avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice/practise;deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape。Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我對你今日下午回電話表示感謝。Thesquirrelsweresoluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠們很幸運沒有被抓住。2．beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can'tstand(無法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)等短語和動詞詞組后也要用動名詞作賓語。Heisusedtogettingupearly.他習(xí)慣了很早起床。Heartfailurecansometimesleadtobeingkilled.心力衰竭有時可能會導(dǎo)致死亡。三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)分，要特殊留意：forgeteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.遺忘要做某事,doingsth.遺忘已經(jīng)做過某事))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.對即將做的事表示缺憾未做,doingsth.對做過的事表示懊悔已做))tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.盡力去做某事,doingsth.試著做某事))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.接著做另一件事,doingsth.接著做原來在做的事))remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.記著去做某事未做,doingsth.記著做了某事已做))meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事,doingsth.意味著做某事))Raisingsalarymeansincreasingpurchasingpower.漲工資意味著提高購買力。Hedidn'tmeantohurtyou.他并沒有準(zhǔn)備損害你。Don'tforgettolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門。Irememberpostingtheletters.我記得寄過信了。四、need,demand,want,require等在表示“須要”時，用動名詞的主動形式表被動，或用不定式的被動形式，但動名詞形式更常見。Thewallneedstobepainted.＝Thewallneedspainting.墻壁須要粉刷了。五、接不定式/動名詞且意義差別不大的動詞1．表示“愛憎喜惡”的情感類動詞hate,love,like,prefer等動詞后接不定式和動名詞作賓語時，意義雖相同，內(nèi)涵卻有些區(qū)分——接不定式作賓語時，多表示一次性的、詳細(xì)的動作；接動名詞作賓語時，多表示習(xí)慣性的、一般性的動作。如：Theypreferstayingindoorswhenitiscold.天冷時他們喜愛待在屋里。Wouldyouprefertostayathomethisevening?今晚你想待在家里嗎？2．begin,start,continue等少數(shù)幾個動詞后接動名詞或不定式作賓語時意義差別不大。如：Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseacomputer.湯姆起先學(xué)習(xí)如何運用電腦。[即時鞏固]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.2．Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.3．Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.4．Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.5．Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting(rest)．6．Still,theboykeptriding(ride)．7．Theymanagedto_finish(finish)theworkontime.8．Headmittedhaving_stolen(steal)themoneyinthesafe.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Wecan'taffordto_goonvacationthisyear.今年我們沒錢去度假。2．Thedoctoradvisedtakingmoreexercise.醫(yī)生建議多熬煉。3．It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我該仔細(xì)思索一下那篇論文了。4．—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那將意味著奢侈很多勞動力?！猂eally?Idon'tmeanto_wasteanylabour.——是嗎？我并沒有準(zhǔn)備奢侈勞動力。5．Hedecidedto_go_abroadforfurthereducation.他確定去國外深造。Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Hethinksitwo