專題強化練（四）推理判斷題——隱含推斷題A(2024·泰安一模)Therehavebeennumerousattemptstocreateanall-plasticbike.Butmosthaveneverpassedthroughtheprototypestage(原始階段).Igus,aGermany-basedmanufacturerofhigh-performanceplastics,andDutchstart-upMTRLaimtochangethatwiththeigus：bike—theworld'sfirsturbanbikecraftedalmostentirelyfromrecycledplastic.IgusCEOFrankBlaséfirstgottheideawhilevacationingonaFloridabeachin2009.Aconversationwithsomeemployeesfromarentalcompanymadehimawareofthechallengesofmaintainingbeachbicycles.Thecontinuousexposuretosand,windandsaltwatercausedthebikestorustrapidly.Manyhadtobereplacedinonlythreemonths.Theigus：bike,unveiledataGermantradeshow,ismaintainableandrust-free.Itcanbeleftoutdoorsinallweathersanddoesnotrequirelubricantoil(潤滑油)toreducefrictionbetweenparts.Sinceitdoesnotattractsand,dustordirt,thebikecanbecleanedwithagardenhose(水管)inseconds.“Asallcomponentsaremadeofplastic,nopartofthebikerusts,eventhegears—bicyclegearsmadeofplasticwereunthinkableforalongtime，”Blasésays.Theigus：bikewillalsohelpcombattheworld'splasticpollution.Thecompanysaysasingleadultbikegivesnewlifetoabout16kilogramsofsingle-useplasticthatwouldotherwisechokeourlandfillsorwaterways.Currently,90percentoftheigus：bikeismadeusingrecycledplastic.Thisincludesthebicycle'sframe,bearings,pedalsandwheelrims.IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.“Fromoceanplasticstomotionplastics—theigus：bikeconcepthaswhatittakestobecomeahigh-techecologicalproduct，”saysMTRLco-founderBenjaminAlderseBaas.Theplasticbikesareexpectedtocomeontothemarket.Anadultmodel,madeentirelyfromrecycledplastic,willcostabout1，400.Aslightlycheaperversionmadeusingnewplasticandanelectricbikearealsointheworks.Igusalsoplansonsharingitstechnologywithotherbicyclemanufacturers.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了世界上第一款幾乎完全由可循環(huán)利用的塑料制造的自行車。1．WhatmakesIgusCEOFrankBlaséseektocreatetheigus：bike?A．HisholidayinginFloridalastyear.B．Theconversationbetweenhimandsomebicyclers.C．Thetroubleofkeepingbeachbicyclesingoodcondition.D．Theprolongedexposureofbikesonthebeach.C推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可推知，沙灘自行車很難維護，所以易格斯的首席執(zhí)行官弗蘭克·布拉斯想要改善這一情況，這是他要制造易格斯自行車的原因。2．Whatcanwelearnabouttheigus：bikefromthepassage?A．Itwillcertainlysellwell.B．Itneedstobemoreportable.C．Itcanbeusedeverywhereandfreely.D．Itisrustlessandcanbecleanedeasily.D細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第一句和最后一句可知，這種自行車不易生銹且易于清洗。3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureplasticbikes?A．Theywillbecheaperandlighter.B．Theywillbemorehigh-techecological.C．Theywillbecraftedfromonlyrecycledplastics.D．Theywillbeusedwidelyallovertheworld.C推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段最后一句“IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.”可知，未來這款自行車有望完全由可循環(huán)利用的塑料制成。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Abikemadefromrecycledplastics.B．Howtomakerust-freebikes.C．Anexcellentbicyclemanufacturer.D．Howtomaintainbeachbikes.A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一款幾乎全部由塑料制成的自行車及其構想起源、優(yōu)勢、當前現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展前景，A項最能概括文章內容。B(2024·南京二模)“Dana,howareyoufeelingtoday？”Iask,myeyesclockingherdirtyuniform,andthedarkcirclesunderhereyes.“OK，”Danamumbles(嘟囔).“Haveyoueatentoday？”Shenods.Anotherlie.“CanIgetyouanything？”ButwhatcouldIpossiblygether?Abedroomofherown?Afamilywithlove?“No,thanks.”Repeatedlyabsentfromschoolrecently,shehaswornoutteachers'patience.ButIdon'twanttosendherbacktoclass.Whatuseisitknowingallthesquarenumbersandallthegrammaticalruleswhenshehastoworkouthowtowash,cookanddecidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister?“Abiscuit？”Ioffer.ItworksandDanatakesthebiscuitIhandher.IrememberthefirsttimeImetDana,thedayaftershelockedherselfinthehousewhenhermumabandonedthefamily.IrememberthinkinghowyoungshewastohavebuiltsuchahighwallaroundherselfandhowonearthIcouldpossiblybreakthrough.Asasocialworker,itismyjobtoknockdownsuchwallsnomatterhow.Iknowitwouldtakemorethanabiscuittoeaseoutoneofherbricks.ButIwilltry.“Howareyoufeeling？”Ipushslightly,hopingthebiscuitmighthavesoftenedher.“OK，”sheshrugs(聳肩).I'mabouttochangetopicswhenhereyesrestonmyarm.“Howdoesthatfeel，Mia？”Danastaresatme.Thesleeve(袖子)ofmyblousehasrolledup,evidenceofhowdeepIhadputitintothebiscuitcan.Adeepscar(傷疤)alongmyarmisobviousagainstmyfairskin.Irollmysleevebackdown，“It'sfromafire.Ithurts.ButeverythingwillbeOKwhenyouthinkit'sOK.”Danapauses(停頓)andpicksupanotherbiscuit.Inthatinstant,IknowsomethinghaschangedintheroomandwemightactuallybeOK.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。在母親拋棄家庭后，達娜在心里為自己筑起了一座高墻，作者作為一名社會工作人員，想盡自己所能幫她打開心防，重拾生活的希望。5．WhyisDanaoftenabsentfromschool?A．Becausesheisslowatschoolwork.B．Becausesheisstrugglingwithlife.C．Becauseshelocksherselfathome.D．BecauseshedesiresMia'sattention.B推理判斷題。根據第七段中的“Whatuseisit...decidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister？”可知，達娜需要洗衣做飯、照顧自己和自己的妹妹。由此可推知，達娜經常缺課是因為她正在與生活作斗爭。6．WhatdoweknowaboutMia?A．Sheiseagertoremoveherscar.B．Sheisademandingsocialworker.C．SheawakensDana'shopeforfuture.D．Sheimproveskid-parentrelationship.C推理判斷題。根據最后三段內容可推知，作者(米婭)對達娜說的話讓達娜開始有了對未來的希望。7．Whatdoestheendingofthepassageimply?A．MiagainsabetterunderstandingofDana. B．Theroomisfullofhappinessandharmony.C．Troubledteensrequirefamilycareandsupport. D．AclosebondisformingbetweenMiaandDana.D推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，米婭和達娜互相了解過去的“傷疤”后知道她們之間有共同點，達娜也因此打開了心防。由此可推知，米婭和達娜之間形成了親密的關系。8．Whatisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．OK B．BiscuitsC．AWhiteLie D．ADeepScarA標題歸納題。本文反復提及OK，指一種樂觀的生活態(tài)度，符合作者想讓達娜重新燃起對未來生活希望的主旨，A項最適合作文章標題。C(2024·濰坊三模)ResearcherRuijiaHusaidwildlifehabitatincrowdedplaceslikesouthwestOhioisbecomingincreasinglyfragmented(分散)asforestsgivewaytonewconstruction.Eventually,thiscouldmaketroubletoananimalwithspecifichabitatneedslikeOhioanpileated(紅冠)woodpecker(啄木鳥).Pileatedwoodpeckershavethenicknamecarpenterbirdsfortheirnever-endingnaturalwoodworking.Theypeckoutholesintreesfortheirnestseveryyear,creatinglotsofvaluablehomesforanimalslikefoxsquirrelsandowls.“Theymakenewnestseveryyear.Theywon'treuseoldones，”Husaid.“Otheranimalsdependonthem.”Pileatedwoodpeckersareprivatebirdsthataremoreoftenheardthanseen.Studyingthemcanbeespeciallydifficult.SoHuturnedtocitizenscienceforhelp.Toidentifywherewoodpeckershavebeenseen,sheusedeightyearsofsightingscollectedbybirdersandloggedintothewebsiteeBird,afreeonlinetoolandappthatanyonecanusetorecordtheirobservationsandlocations.Sheoverlaidthesesightingswithremotesensingdataandfoundthatcorridorsalongriversandcreekswithabundantmaturetreesanddeadwoodhelpedthebirdsadjusttotheirincreasinglyfragmentedurbanlandscape.“Withfragmentedforests,manyhabitatsthatwereoncesuitableforwildlifearebrokenup，”Husaid.“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds.Andeveniftherearesuitablehabitats,thedistancebetweenthemcanbetoogreat.Wildlifecorridorslinkupthesehabitatpatches.Sincewildlifecantravelandmigratefromonepatchtoanother,theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”“Therearesomanyspeciesinurbanareasthatwedon'tpayattentionto,especiallywhenthey'renotconsideredvulnerable，”Husaid.“Withdevelopmentchippingawayatmoreforestinthiscrowdedcounty,thetippingpoint(臨界點)couldcomequicklyandunexpectedly.Youcan'tfixitovernight.It'snotjustaboutplantingmoretrees.Thebirdsneedmatureforest,soitcouldtake30to50yearstoreplacetheirhabitat.Atleastwecanprotecttheseriversideforestcorridorsandseethatexistingtreesreachmaturity.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了隨著森林被新的建筑所取代，野生動物棲息地正變得越來越分散，這可能會給有特定棲息地需求的動物帶來麻煩。9．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Themagpie'snestisoccupiedbythedove.B．Birdsabandontheoldfortheneweasily.C．Friendshipreallyexistsamonganimals.D．One'strashisanotherperson'streasure.D推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，紅冠啄木鳥每年都在樹上啄洞筑巢，