專題158BU7-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題InternationalcharitiesReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar一般現在時和一般過去時的被動語態；被動語態的各個注意點知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型1.世界慈善組織internationalcharitiesORBIS奧比斯Oxfam樂施會UNICEF聯合國兒童基金會WWF世界自然基金會AninjuredlargebirdwassavedbyBstaffinWestLakeNatureReserve,China..A.UNICEFB.WWFC.ProjectHopeD.ORBIS2治愈（結果）cure治療（過程）treat治療某人某病treatsbwith+病注意：80percentofthehospitalsareexcellent.80percentofthefoodiseatenbyTom3.我們很多病人負擔不了到醫院看病。Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotothospital.負擔地起做某事affordtodo.買得起…affordsth4.我很自豪幫助人們重見光明，改善生活。Iamproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.以….為自豪 beproudofsth做某事自豪 beproudtodo是…的驕傲 betheprideof5.分發傳單handoutleaflets--Howwillyouhelpwiththecharityshownextweek?--Wewill__B____leafletstoaskmorepeopletotakepartin.A.putout B.handoutC.runoutD.cutout---Jim,whereisyourhometown?Youmust___B__now.----Waitaminute,Sir.handonitB.handitinC.handinitD.handiton6.決定做某事makeupone’smindtodo7.詞形變化educateadj.教育—educationn.教育equaladj.平等的—equallyadv.平等地interviewn./v.采訪—interviewern.采訪者blindadj.失明的—blindnessn.失明mostadj.大部分—mostlyadv.主要地，大部分地medicaladj.醫學的—medicinen.醫學,藥treatv.治療—treatmentn.治療operatev.手術—operationn.手術proudadj.自豪的—priden.自豪readv.讀—readern.讀者developv.發展—developmentn.發展includev.包括—includingprep.包括organizev.組織—organizationn.組織Indian.印度—Indianadj.印度的，印度人的n.印度人officen.辦公室—officern.官員二、語法Grammar1.一般現在時的被動語態現在時的被動語態構成：（am/is/are+done）如：

Thisshirtiswashedonceaweek.這件T恤一周洗一次。

Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被要求努力學習。

Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀被用來割東西的。

Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.這些歌曲通常是男生唱的一般現在時的主動語態變被動語態：

1）Brucewritesalettereveryweek.

→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.

2）Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.

→Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.

3）Theyoftenmakefunofher.

→Sheisoftenmadefunof.

4）Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.

→Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.

5）Doyouwashyourclothesveryoften?

→Areyourclotheswashedveryoften?

6）MostpeopleintheUSAspeakEnglish.

→EnglishisspokenbymostpeopleintheUSA.

7)PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

→Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

8)Doyouoftencleanyourroom?

→Isyourroomoftencleanedbyyou?用所給動詞適當形式填空。Usuallythechildrenhere______aretaken_____(take)goodcareof.Theroom________iscleaned____(clean)everyday.2.一般過去時的被動語態主語(動作承受者)+was/were+過去分詞(+by+施動者)構成。與主動語態相比,被動語態中主語是謂語動作的執行者。句型格式：was/were+done例：IwastaughtbyMissZhaolastyear.

Thoseletterswerewrittenbyafamouswriter.那些信是由一位有名作家寫的。用所給動詞適當形式填空。Thecup__________waswashed___________(wash)yesterday.Thebook________waswritten________(write)byHanhantwoyearsago.主動語態和被動語態的轉換1.主動語態變為被動語態=1\*GB3①要將主動句里的賓語變為被動句中的主語，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。=2\*GB3②把主動句中的主語變為被動句中的賓語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導。=3\*GB3③謂語動詞變成相應的被動形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動語態：動作執行者+謂語動詞主動形式+動作承受者被動語態：動作承受者+謂語動詞被動形式+動作執行者2．帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變為被動語態=1\*GB3①謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉化成主語；=2\*GB3②若將間接賓語轉化成主語，則保留直接賓語；=3\*GB3③若將直接賓語轉化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.(變為被動語態)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語me改為了主語）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語abook改為了主語）3.動詞短語變為被動語態許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構成的動詞短語相當于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在變為被動語態時，不可丟掉構成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.to的“前世今生”在主動語態中，某些動詞之后帶有復合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復合賓語由動詞不定式來充當，to被省略，但在被動語態中，這個to還要還原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動語態）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被動語態）▲有這種用法的常用動詞有：一感二聽三使四看，主動語態to省略，被動語態to還原。seesbdosth（主動語態）sbbeseentodo（被動語態）一感二聽三使（使役動詞）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（馬蘭花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中階段不使用被動語態的情況A.系動詞無被動Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些說明名詞本身性質的動詞。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly寫起來流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來…..”作及物動詞為“賣、出售”）C.Need+V-ing“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的車需要修理D.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物動詞appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比較rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對)Thepricehasrisen.(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯)Thepricehasraised.(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表結構PK被動語態有些“be+過去分詞”的結構并不是被動語態，它們有可能是“系表結構（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當表語）。”eg:（1）

（2）三、詞組歸納1.internationalcharities 國際慈善機構2.havesomepocketmoneyleft 還剩一些零花錢havefivekilometersleft 還剩下五千米3.It’stimeforlunch.=It’stimetohavelunch. 是吃午餐的時候了。4.haveabiglunch 吃一頓豐盛的午餐5.knowaboutacharitycalledUNICEF 了解名叫“聯合國兒童基金會”慈善機構6.helpbuildabetterworldforeveryone 幫助為每個人建立一個更好的世界7.providebasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas為貧困地區的兒童們提供基礎教育8.workfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen 為女孩和婦女的平等權利而工作9.preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseasesamongyoungpeople預防年輕人中一些嚴重疾病的擴散10.tellussomethingaboutblindness 告訴我們關于失明的一些事11.about80percentofthesecases 大約80%的病例12.havemoneyformedicaltreatment 有錢接受醫學治療13.useitsFlyingEyeHospitaltovisitpoorareas 用它的飛行眼科醫院來拜訪貧困地區14.volunteerdoctors 志愿者醫生15.beusedasatrainingcentre 被用作培訓中心16.canaffordtodosth 支付得起做某事17.beinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations 被邀請到飛機上學習關于眼科手術18.teachthemnewskills 教他們新的技能19.duringmylastvisit 在我上一次訪問期間20.dooperationsonsb/operateonsb 給某人做手術21.beproudtodosth 以…做某事而自豪beproudof… 以…為榮22.carryon(withsth) 繼續開展，繼續下去23.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime. 非常感謝你的時間。24.cutaperson’sbodyopen 給某人開刀25.theconditionofbeingunabletosee 不能看見東西的狀態26.treatpeoplewitheyeproblems 治療有眼疾的人27.manymorepeople 更多的人28.besetup被建立，被設立29.bepartoftheUnitedNations聯合國的一部分30.afterWorldWarⅡ第二次世界大戰以后31.gettoothache牙疼32.lookpale看上去臉色蒼白33.haveacheck檢查一下34.helppoorpeoplewitheyeproblemsseeagain幫助患有眼疾的窮人重見光明35.makeupone’smindtodosth下定決心做某事36.attendthesecourses出席這些課程37.travelover300daysayear一年中超過300天都在旅游38.getusedtotravellingbyplane習慣于乘飛機旅行39.haveasmuchmoneyasbefore和以前有一樣多的錢40.usedtoworkonthefarmallday過去常常整日在農場上工作41.learnabouttheconditionsofthelocalpeople了解當地人們的情況42.enteraschool考入學校四、句型歸納1.Moremoneyisneededforcharity. 慈善事業需要更多的錢。2.I’mtooweaktowalkanyfurther. 我太虛弱了而不能走更遠。3.Manyofourpatientscan’tafford/don’thavemoneytogotohospital,sowehavetogotothem.我們的許多病人沒錢去看病,所以我們不得不去他們那兒。4.Bytrainingthem,wehopetohelpmorepeople. 通過對他們進行培訓，我們希望能幫助更多的人。5.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.幫助人們重見光明并改善他們的生活我很自豪。6.Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.現代醫學正迅速發展,現在大多數的眼睛問題和疾病能被治療并治愈。7.Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.但是需要更多的錢來繼續我們的工作。Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?你像這樣多長時間了?AlotofthingsaresoldinOxfamshops,includingbooks.很多東西在樂施會的商店里出售，包括書籍。10.Atthattime,manychildren’sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar.在那時，許多孩子的生活因為戰爭改變了。11.Youcanhelpbydonatingmoneyorworkingasavolunteer.你能通過捐款或者作為志愿者工作來幫助。易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：一、單項選擇（

）1.Shewasseen______atthistimeyesterday.

A.dance

B.dancing

C.danced

D.todance（

）2.Themeeting______at4thisafternoon.

A.began

B.willbegin

C.isbegun

D.willbebegin（

）3.Theman______formorethantenhoursaday.

A.madetowork

B.wasmadeworking

C.wasmadework

D.wasmadetowork（

）4.Theteachermust______carefullyinclass.

A.listen

B.belistened

C.belistenedto

D.belistening（

）5.Alotoftallbuildings________inourcitylastyear.

A.arebuilt

B.wasbuilt

C.werebuilt

D.canbebuilt（

）6.Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.It________everyday.

A.iscleaned

B.iscleaning

C.cleans

D.cleaned（

）7.Howlongmaythisbook________?

A.bekeeping

B.kept

C.bekept

D.iskept（

）8.Whenyourhomework_______,pleasehanditin.

A.did

B.do

C.done

D.isdone

【答案】1–4BBDC

5–8CACD二、主動被動互變1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

________________________________________2.Thebikeisbeingrepaired.

(Aworker)

________________________________________3.HetaughtmeChineselastterm.

________________________________________4.Thereading–roommustbekeptclean.

________________________________________5.MumwillbuymeaT–shirttomorrow.

________________________________________6.Shewasseenreadingabook.

(I)________________________________________7.Theyletthedoggo.________________________________________8.Thebookshavebeentakenfromthelibrary.

(Thelittleboy)__________________________________【答案】1.

Englishisspokeninmanycountries(bypeople).2.

Aworkerisrepairingthebike3.Chinesewastaughttomebyhimlastterm.4.Thestudentsmustkeepthereading–roomclean.5.IwillbeboughtaT–shirtbyMumtomorrow./AT–shirtwillbeboughtformebyMumtomorrow.6.Isawherreadingabook.7.Theboyislettogobythem.8.Thelittleboyhastakenthebooksawayfromthelibrary.詞匯句型部分：一、單詞拼寫1.IloveYangzhou,____________(尤其是)inspring.2.Someonehasleftawindowopen____________(粗心大意).3.Allthekidsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatacowhasfour__________.(胃)4.Howlonghaveyou____________(借)thebook?5.Heispatientenoughto___________(解釋)thethingtous.6.Theyhavejusthada______________(discuss)aboutwheretospendtheirholidays.7.Whentheguestenteredthehall,MrsSmithstoodupandgreetedhim________(polite).8.Hewassotiredoutthathefoundhimself________（able）tomoveoutofthehotel.9.Livingtogetherwithmyfriendswasagreat__________.(pleasant)10.Somehusbandscarelessabouttheir______(wife)feelingsandseldomhelpthemdohousework.【答案】1-5especiallycarelesslystomachskeptexplain6-10discussionpolitelyunablepleasurewives’二、翻譯句子這些生來就有嚴重眼疾的女孩們看不起病所以指望政府捐錢給她們。Thegirls_____________________________________,so__________________________________________.【答案】bornwithseriouseyeproblemscan’taffordtogotohospital;theyhopethegovernmentdonatesmoneytothem.老師幾天前建議我為UNICEF募集資金。I_______________________________________________________.【答案】wasadvisedtoraisemoneyfortheUNICEFbymyteachertheotherday.3.他繼續為病人動手術遇到了多大的困難啊！What___________________________________________________!【答案】abigproblemhehascarryingonoperatingonthepatient4.我們應該傳播知識來阻止人們傾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】shouldbespreadbyustopreventpeoplepouringrubbishintorivers.5.志愿者們還未下定決心為如此多的非洲人提供免費的醫學治療。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】Thevolunteershaven’tmadetheirmindtoofferfreetreatmentforsomanyAfricans這個男孩因為牙疼放棄了觀看精彩的慈善演出。_____________________________________________________.【答案】Theboygaveupwatchingtheamazingcharityshowbecauseoftoothache三、詞匯拼寫1.TheInternetmakesthe（傳播）ofinformationbecomequickerandquicker.2.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinourschool,（尤其）inAprilandMay.3.Modernmedicineisdevelopingsoquicklythatmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbe___.(makeanillnessgoaway).4.DrWanghas（cutaperson’sbodyopentotakeoutorrepair）onthreepeoplewitharmproblemssince6a.m.5.Theweathersuddenlybecameverycold,sothereweremany（peoplewhoareill,especiallyinhospital）inthath