PAGEPAGE11.一般情況下都是年輕人最早接受新觀念和新思想.很重要的一點是政府與時代步伐保持一致,并且對新發展迅速做出反應,因此至少應該讓年輕人對于決策有一定程度的影響.Typically,itistheyoungergenerationwhoarethefirstto

embracenewconceptsandideas(1.接受新觀念和新思想).Itisimportantthatgovernments

remaininstepwiththetimes

(2.與時代步伐保持一致)andreactquicklytonewdevelopments,sogivingyoungpeopleatleastsomeinfluenceon

decision-making

(3.決策)isadvisable.

1-embracenewconceptsandideas

詞典釋義：embrace[?m'bre?s]

verb

ACCEPT

接受

ADVANCED

transitive

formal

■toacceptsomethingenthusiastically

欣然接受;樂意采納?Thiswasanopportunitythathewould

embrace.這樣的機會他是求之不得的.

conceptUK

['k?n.sept]

US

['kɑ：n-]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■aprincipleoridea

原則;概念;觀念;想法

?Thevery

concept

of

freespeechisunknown

tothem.他們沒有言論自由的概念.?Itisverydifficulttodefinethe

concept

of

beauty.很難給美這個概念下一個定義.?Ifailedtograspthefilm'scentral

concept.我理解不到這部電影的中心思想.?Kleenbriteisawhole

newconcept

in

toothpaste!

Kleenbrite

是牙膏生產領域的一個全新概念!

外刊例句：Countrieswithaplethoraofsmallproducersandantiquatedregulationsfinditharderto

embracenewideas

andinvestintechnology,tocontrolqualityandtospreadbestpractice.

()國家若存在過多小生產商,且相應法規陳舊刻板,那么國家將難以接受新概念、投資新技術、控制質量、傳播優秀做法.

替換表達：openone’smindtonewconceptsandideas/adoptnewconceptsand

ideas

2-remaininstepwiththetimes

詞典釋義：instep

■whenyouliftyour

feetoffthegroundandputthemdownagainatthesametimeasotherpeople

齊步,步伐一致

■1.Thesoldiers

marchedin

step.step1士兵齊步前進.

■*describesopinions,ideasorwaysoflivingthatarethe

sameasthoseofotherpeople

(意見、觀點或生活方式)合拍,協調,一致

?Televisioncompaniesneedto

keep

in

step

with

publicopinion.電視公司需要順應民意.

外刊例句：Insteadofloadingupthenextglobalclimate

agreementwithforeignaidobligationsthattheUnitedStatescannotaccept,

Europeshouldproposefinancialcommitmentsthatare

instepwiththetimes,market-based,andthatgrowasour

economiesrecover.

()歐盟在下一份應對全球氣候變化協議中不該加入那些美國不會接受的外國援助義務,而是應該提出一些財政協定,這些協定應該與時俱進,貼合市場動態,能隨著我們經濟復蘇而漸漸發展.

替換表達：movewiththetimes/keepabreastofthetimes

3-decision-making

詞典釋義：decision-making

nounU

1.theprocessofmakingimportantdecisions決策：?attemptsto

involveworkersindecision-making讓工人們參與決策的嘗試

外刊例句：Psychologists,however,havelongstudiedthe

waysthatexternalfactorssuchastheseinfluenceour

decision-making.

()然而,心理學家一直有研究這種外部因素會如何影響我們的抉擇.

2.年輕人能有機會在真正有權威的職位上獲得好的實踐經驗也很重要.如果人們不太愿意讓年輕人進入政府,那么未來領導者的能力就會受到影響,因為他們沒有機會在年輕時磨練他們的技能.Itisalsoofimportancethatyoungpeoplehavethechancetogaingoodpracticalexperiencein

positionsofrealauthority(1.真正有權威的職位).Ifpeople

arereluctantto

(2.不太愿意)letyoungerpeopleintogovernmentthenitcouldaffecttheabilityoffutureleadersastheyhavenowayofhoningtheirskillsatanearlyage.

1-realauthority

詞典釋義：authorityUK

[?：'θ?r.?.ti]

US

[?'θ?：r.?.t?i]

noun

POWER

權力

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■themoralorlegalrightorabilitytocontrol

威信;權力;管轄權?TheUnitedNationshas

used/exerted/exercised

its

authority

to

restorepeaceinthearea.聯合國行使其權力以恢復該地區的和平.?Weneedtogetthesupportofsomeone

in

authority

(=animportantorhigh-rankingperson).我們需要得到一個有實權的人的支持.?They'vebeenactingillegallyandwithout

authority

(=permission)fromthecouncil.他們的行動都是非法的,而且沒有得到市政委員會的授權.?[+

to

infinitive]I'llgivemylawyers

authority

(=permission)

to

actonmybehalf.我將授權我的律師代表我處理.?He'sgotno

authority

over

(=abilityto

control)hisstudents.他在學生面前沒有威信.?Shespoke

with

authority

(=asifshewasin

controlorhadspecialknowledge).她說話時一副權威的口吻.

外刊例句：Iftheactingissuperb,it’sgiven

realauthority

bythedancing.

()如說這組動作精彩絕倫,那么肯定是其舞蹈賦予了其威嚴之勢.

2-bereluctanttodo

詞典釋義：reluctant[r?'l?k.t?nt]

adjective

IMPROVER

■notwillingtodosomethingandthereforeslowtodoit

勉強的;不情愿的?[+

to

infinitive]IwashavingsuchagoodtimeI

was

reluctant

to

leave.我玩得很開心,都不愿意離開了.?Manyparentsfeel

reluctant

to

talkopenly

withtheirchildren.很多父母都不愿意和兒女們敞開心扉交談.?Shepersuadedher

reluctant

husbandtotakeatrip

toFloridawithher.她說服了丈夫跟她一起去佛羅里達旅游,盡管他不太情愿.

外刊例句：Iran,whichhad

beenreluctanttoreduce

outputsosoonafterreturningto

internationalmarkets,agreedtoatokenincrease.

()伊朗曾在重新進入全球(石油)市場后,長期不愿減產,現在也同意只象征性地增產.

替換表達：beunwillingtodosomething

3.人口老齡化的國家通常都會面臨所謂的養老金危機,即沒有足夠的錢來給更多的養老金領取者.由于老年人往往有更多的健康問題,醫療保健體系也將承受更多的壓力.Countrieswithanagingpopulation

(1.人口老齡化的國家)oftenfaceaso-called

pensionscrisis

(2.養老金危機)wherethereisnotenoughmoneyfortheenlargednumberofpensioners.Sinceolderpeopletendtohavemorehealthproblems,thereisalso

extrastrain

(3.更多的壓力)placedonthehealthcaresystem.

1-countrieswithanagingpopulation

詞典釋義：ag·ing/?ed???

;

?e?d???/adjectiveonlybeforenoun

also

ageing

BrE

1.becomingold變老的;變舊的：?agingmoviestars日益年邁的電影明星?Europe'sageingpopulation(=withmoreoldpeoplethanbefore)歐洲漸漸老齡化的人口

外刊例句：ANewWaytoPleaseYoudoesnotbeginwith

politiciansagonisingorstrategisingabouthowtodealwith

anagingpopulation.

()"用新花樣取悅你”并非以一群對于人口老年化問題而苦不堪言或尋思苦想的政治家來開場.

學生錯誤表達：Theaging

peoplecountries點評：這里需要調整語序,改為countries

withanagingpopulation

2-pensionscrisis

詞典釋義：pension['pent.??n]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■asumofmoneypaidregularlybythegovernmentora

privatecompanytoapersonwhodoesnotworkanymorebecausetheyaretoo

oldortheyhavebecomeill

養老金;退休金;撫恤金

?Theyfindithardtoliveontheirstate

pension.他們覺得靠政府的養老金很難生活下去.?Hewon'tbeableto

draw

(=receive)his

pension

untilhe's65.他要等到65歲以后才能領取養老金.

外刊例句：A

pensionscrisis

hasbeenbrewing

fordecadesanditisnotconfinedtoDallas.()養老金危機在過去數十年間,一直在醞釀,這問題可非只限于達拉斯一地.

3-extrastrain

詞典釋義：extra['ek.str?]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■addedtowhatisnormal

額外的;附加的

?Ifyouneedany

extra

help,justcallme.如果還需要其他的幫助,盡管打電話給我.?Recentlyhe'sbeenworkingan

extra

twohoursa

day.最近他每日都加班兩小時.?Thepriceincludestravelandaccommodationbutmealsare

extra

(=thereisanadditionalchargeformeals).這個價格包括旅費和住宿費,但是餐費要另計.

strain[stre?n]

noun

PRESSURE

壓力

IMPROVER

[CusuallysingularorU]

■aforceorinfluencethatstretches,pullsorputs

pressureonsomething,sometimescausingdamage

壓力;拉力,張力;作用力?Thehurricane

put

sucha

strain

on

thebridgethatitcollapsed.在颶風強大的威力之下,橋塌了.?Asyougetolder,excessweight

puts

alotof

strain

on

theheart.隨著年齡的增長,體重過重會給心臟造成很大負擔.?Theirconstantargumentswere

putting

a

strain

on

theirmarriage.他們持續不斷的爭吵使他們的婚姻關系非常緊張.?Therecentdeclineinthedollarhas

puta

bigger

strain

on

theeconomicsystem.最近美元的貶值為經濟體系帶來更大壓力.?Migrationintothecitiesis

putting

a

strain

on

alreadystretchedresources.城市新移民為原本就已吃緊的資源造成更大壓力.

外刊例句：Leaguetablesput

extrastrain

onbothteachersandpupilsandshouldbeabolished

immediately.

()排名表給老師和學生都帶來了額外壓力,應該盡快廢除.

替換表達：extrapressure

Q：Countrieswithanaging

population：為什么這里的countries是復數但是with后面卻是單數的population呢?A：population在這里是可數名詞,anagingpopulation是泛指"老齡化的人口”,相當于aging

populations,因此該表達也可以改為countrieswithaging

populations

Q：養老金危機pensionscrisis

：不明白這里為什么要用復數的pensions,用單數的pension可以嗎?A：pensionscrisis是一個固定說法,可以記住.

4.經濟移民往往是處于工作年齡的年輕人,因此實施相對開明的移民政策是使就業市場得到充分供給,并防止人口過分老化的一個有效方法.Economicmigrants

(1.經濟移民)tendtobe

youngpeopleofworkingage(2.處于工作年齡的年輕人),soimplementingarelatively

liberal

(3.開明的)immigrationpolicyisaneffectivewayof

keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

(4.使就業市場得到充分供給)andpreventingthepopulationfrombeingoverlyaged.

1-economicmigrants

詞典釋義：economic

migrant

?economic

'migrant

noun

apersonwhomovesfrom

theirowncountrytoanewcountryinordertofindworkorhaveabetter

standardofliving

經濟移民(以找工作或尋求更高生活水平為目的)：

Theyclaimedtheywerepoliticalrefugeesandnoteconomic

migrants.

他們宣稱自己是政治難民,不是經濟移民.

外刊例句：Economic

migrants

arebydefinitionamobilelabourforce.

()經濟移民肯定屬于移動勞動力.

學生錯誤表達：Theeconomic

migrants點評："經濟移民”在這里是泛指,應該寫成economic

migrants,而不能寫成theeconomicmigrants

2-ofworkingage

詞典釋義：workingUK

['w?：.k??]

US

['w?：-]

adjective

[beforenoun]

JOB

工作

IMPROVER

■relatingtowork

工作的

?a37-hour

working

week一周工作37小時?Working

conditions/practices

inthemillhavehardlychangedoverthelasttwentyyears.過去20年來,這家磨坊的工作條件／方式幾乎沒有改變.?Shehasadifficult

working

relationship

withmanyofherstaff.她與很多員工的工作關系都不好.

外刊例句：Wecan’taffordtospend￡100bnonwelfare

paymentsforpeople

ofworkingage

when

wehavesuchdebts.

()我們若仍背負如此多債務,將無法支付正處工作年齡段公民高達1000億英鎊的福利開支.

學生錯誤表達：intheageof

working點評：用詞不當,intheage

ofsomething是指"處于……的年代”,例如intheageofrapid

economicdevelopment是指"處于經濟快速發展的年代”,不能用intheageof

working來指"處于工作年齡的年輕人”.

3-liberal

詞典釋義：liberalUK

['l?b.?r.?l/

UK

[-r?l]

US

[-?-]

adjective

SOCIETY

社會

ADVANCED

■respectingandallowingmanydifferenttypesofbeliefs

orbehaviour

自由開放的,開放的,開明的?a

liberal

society/attitude自由開放的社會／態度?Herparentswerefarmore

liberal

thanmine.她父母比我父母開明得多.

外刊例句：YoungBritonshaveturnedstrikingly

liberal,inaclassicalsense.

()從傳統觀點看來,英國年輕人已變得非常開明,甚至開明到讓人詫異.

替換表達：enlightened/open

4-keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

詞典釋義：supplied1.ADJ-GRADED