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6

天1.均衡完善的教育不僅有利于年輕人的職業前景,而且能提升他們的生活滿意度.Awell-balancededucation

(1.均衡完善的教育)notonly

contributesto

(2.有利于)the

careerprospects

(3.職業前景)ofyoungadults,butalsoimprovetheir

lifesatisfaction(4.生活滿意度).

1-well-balancededucationwell此處所取的含義是"adv-很好地、充分地”.

詞典釋義：well-balanced[?wel'b?l.?ntst]

adjective

■containingamixtureofideas,people,etc.with

eachonebeingrepresentedequallyorfairly

平衡的;均衡的

?a

well-balanced

article結構非常合理的文章?a

well-balanced

team實力均衡的隊伍■describesagroupoffoodswhichtogether

provideagoodrangeofthethingsyouneedtostayhealthy

營養搭配均衡的?a

well-balanced

meal/diet營養均衡的一餐／飲食■describessomeonewhoiscalmandreasonableand

whoshowsgoodjudgment

(人)穩重的;明智的?Dothesenurseriesproducethehappy,

well-balanced

childrenthatteachersandparentssaytheydo?這些幼兒園是否像那些老師和家長們說的那樣能培養出快樂而發展全面的孩子?

外刊例句：Inotherwords,everywellbalancededucationshould

includeliteracy,numeracyandcreativelymakingthings.(TheTelegraph)

替換表達：a/anbalanced/well-rounded/all-roundeducation

學生錯誤表達：(1)abalancedandwell-roundededucation點評：balanced本身已經有包含well-rounded的含義,這里不用重復用詞(2)equilibriumeducation點評：equilibrium是指不同的人、團體或勢力之間相互競爭的平衡,均衡,不能用來修飾education,建議翻譯的時候不要根據中文意思直譯,多查查詞典尋找合適的表達.(3)balancedandcomplete/overalleducation點評：complete/overalleducation表達過于生硬,可以查查詞典中education的詞條,尋找合適的修飾詞.

2-contributeto注意contributeto后若跟動詞,應是-ing形式.contributeto中性,好壞結果都可以放在其后.

詞典釋義：3.VERB

動詞

促成;促使;是導致…的原因之一

Ifsomething

contributes

to

aneventorsituation,itisoneofthecauses

ofit.

【語法信息】：Vton

【語法信息】：V-ing?Thereportsaysdesignfaultsinboththevessels

contributedtothetragedy...報告說兩艘船存在的設計缺陷也促成了這場悲劇的發生.

?Stress,bothhumanandmechanical,mayalsobea

contributingfactor.來自人的和機械方面的壓力可能也是一個因素.

可供替換的表達：benefit/bebeneficialto

外刊例句：Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoes

will

contributeto

theachievement

ofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,byhelpingtoalleviatepoverty,improve

foodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.

(The

Economist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

beinfavorof點評：beinfavorof含義是"贊同,支持”,與語境不符.(2)

beconduciveto點評：beconducivetosomething是指環境有利于某事,比如an

atmospherethatisconducivetolearning,但是不能說A

well-balancededucationisconducivetocareerprospects,這里可以改為benefit.

3-careerprospectsprospects復數形式指"前景”,如發展前景、經濟前景;prospect單數形式指"設想、將要發生的事情”.

詞典釋義：prospects

[plural]

■thepossibilityof

beingsuccessful,especiallyatwork

成功的機會;前景,前途

?She'shopingthecoursewillimproveher

career

prospects.她希望這門課能改善自己的事業前景.?Prospects

of/for

(=Opportunitiesfor)employmentremainbleakformost

peopleinthearea.該地區大多數人的就業前景還是很黯淡的.

外刊例句：Workingforherdoesnotcarrygood

careerprospects：manyofthosewhohavehelpedoutatherhome

inYangonarenowbehindbars.Thelatesttobedetainedareaccusedof

helpingtosmuggleoutvideotapesofMissSuuKyi.

(TheEconomist)

替換表達：jobprospects/careeroutlook

學生錯誤表達：(1)

careerforeground點評：foreground是指重要位置或照片的前景,不能與career搭配.(2)

vocationalprospective點評：prospective是指"很可能發生的”,不能與prospect混淆.

4-lifesatisfactionsatisfaction還常與job、customer搭配使用.

詞典釋義：satisfactionUK

[?s?t.?s'f?k.??n]

US

[?s?t?-]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

apleasantfeelingwhichyougetwhenyoureceivesomethingyouwanted,or

whenyouhavedonesomethingyouwantedtodo

滿足,滿意

?Shelookedatthefinishedpainting

with

satisfaction.她滿意地看著完成的畫作.?Shederived/obtainedgreat

satisfaction

from/out

of

helpingotherpeople.她幫助別人,從中獲得無比的滿足.?Forme,

job

satisfaction

ismoreimportant

thanthemoney.對我來說,從工作中得到的滿足比錢更重要.?She

had

the

satisfaction

of

knowing

thatshe'ddoneeverythingshecould.知道自己已經盡力了,她就沒甚么遺憾了.

外刊例句：WefindthatGDPperheadaloneexplainssometwothirdsof

theinter-countryvariationin

life

satisfaction,andtheestimatedrelationshipislinear.

(The

Economist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

lifehappiness點評：沒有lifehappiness這個表達,應該改為lifesatisfaction(2)

levelofsatisfactionoflife點評：這里應該改為levelofsatisfactioninlife

Q：老師您好,"幸福感”要怎么用英文表達呢?A：可以說senseofhappiness

Q：詞都知道,都認識,但是不知道如何能夠成為完整的表達,例如awell-balancededucation,這個全部都認識,但是就是想不起來組合在一起成為"均衡完善的教育”的意思,我使用的是balancedandperfecteducation,詞組織起來非常生硬,請問老師如何能夠使用恰當的詞組表達意思,詞組的意思有沒有什么好的字典去查?A：下次碰到這種情況時可以先查詞典,看看詞典里面有沒有對應的詞組.比如針對這個例子我們可以去查詞典里面的education詞條,看看有沒有合適的搭配.還有一個是要靠平時的記憶,這個目前還沒有捷徑.

Q：education是不可數名詞,可以用a修飾嗎?A：可以.查朗文詞典可以看到,里面有不少對應的搭配.

Q：請問careerprospects前為何要加定冠詞the?A：因為后面有of

youngadults作為限定,此時careerprospects是特指,需要加the,如果沒有ofyoungadults這個限定,就不能加the2.這所大學的設備可以媲美世界一流大學,但是它的師資和教學理念還有很多不足之處.

Thefacilitiesofthisuniversitycan

rival

(1.媲美)thoseoftheworld’s

first-class

(2.一流的)universities,butits

faculty(3.師資)and

educationalphilosophy

(4.教學理念)leavemuchtobedesired(5.……還有很多不足之處).

1-rivalrival作為名詞,也是"勢均力敵的敵手”之意,和動詞一致.

詞典釋義：['ra?.v?l]

verb

transitive

(-ll-

or

USUSUALLY

-l-)

■tobeasgood,clever,beautiful,etc.assomeoneor

somethingelse

可與…相媲美,比得上?Nocomputercan

rival

ahumanbrain

for/in

complexity.沒有任何電腦比得上人腦復雜.?Thebeautyofthecountryisonly

rivalled

by(=isequalto)theviolenceofitspolitics.該國的美麗風光非同尋常,而其國內政治的殘暴同樣驚世駭俗.

外刊例句：ButSirChristopherWren'sdomewillsoonbe

rivalled

byaskyscraperdesignedby

NormanFoster,nicknamedthe"eroticgherkin”foritscurvaceousform.

(The

Economist)

替換表達：match/compete/parallel/comparewith

學生錯誤表達：(1)

betheequivalentof答疑：betheequivalentof含義是"等值,等同”,例如a

qualificationwhichisequivalenttoadegree相當于學位的資歷,這里不能用來指"媲美”.(2)

outclass點評：outclass含義為"遠遠高出,遠遠超過(對手)”,在此用outclass表示"媲美”不妥.

2-first-classclass此處取的含義是"n-等級、分類”.

詞典釋義：adjective

EXCELLENT

出色的

出色的;優秀的;第一流的?She'smadeafirst-classjobofdecoratingtheliving

room.她把客廳裝修得棒極了.

外刊例句：Until1962,England’s

first-class

cricketerswereformallydividedintotwocategories,gentlemenand

players—thenobswhocouldaffordtoplaycricketasamateurs,versus

working-classprofessionalswhoneededtobepaid.

(TheEconomist)

替換表達：world-class、prime

學生錯誤表達：(1)

prestigious點評：prestigious是指"有威望的,有聲望的”,沒有表達出"一流”的意思.(2)

superior點評：superior是指"更好的,更優的”,同樣沒有表達出"一流”的含義.

3-facultyfaculty指一個學校的全體教師,所以可以指"師資”.

詞典釋義：3.N-VAR

可變名詞

(大學、學院或院系的)全體教員

A

faculty

isalltheteaching

staffofauniversityorcollege,orofonedepartment.

【搭配模式】：oftNn

【語域標簽】：AM美?The

faculty

agreedonachangeintherequirements...全體教師一致同意修改規定.?Howcan

faculty

improvetheirteachingsoastoencourage

creativity?教師們如何才能改進教學以激發創造性呢??...eminentStanford

faculty

members.聲名顯赫的斯坦福大學的教師們

外刊例句：Excellentuniversitiesneedexcellent

faculty,socompetitionforthemhasincreased.Amongthebig

markets,Australia,AmericaandCanadauniversitiesare(onaverage)thebest

payers,butsomeofthenewGulfemployersoffertwiceasmuch.

(The

Economist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)qualityofteachers點評：qualityofteachers是指教師的質量,而不是指師資.

4-educationalphilosophyphilosophy作為"理念、思想”的含義,常和economic、educational、management、political、religious搭配.

詞典釋義：thephilosophyofsth

■agroupof

theoriesandideasrelatedtotheunderstandingofaparticularsubject

(某學科的)多種理論思想?the

philosophy

ofeducation/religion/science教育／宗教／科學知識

外刊例句：Theheadmistressexplainedthatfindingsomethingto

celebrateineverystudentrepresentedherschool's

educationalphilosophy.(TheGuardian)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

teachingtheory點評：teachingtheory是指"教學理論”,與"教學理念”存在區別.

5-leavealot/something/muchtobedesired

是一個固定表達,含義是"還有很多不足”

leavealottobedesiredtobemuchworsethanyouwouldlike

還有很大改進余地,還有很大差距?Apparently,Meg'scookingleavesalottobedesired.顯然,梅格的廚藝還有很大的改進余地.

外刊例句：Theimpositionofwesternreligiousdoctrinesthatdeemthe

process"unclean”thusexcludingthosewhomenstruatefromparticipatingin

societystillresonatestodayand

leaves

alottobedesired.(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達：befarfromperfect

學生錯誤表達：(1)

stillhavemanyroughedges點評：roughedges是指一些無傷大雅的瑕疵,小毛病,用在語境中不合適.(2)

thereisstillmuchroom點評：后面應該補充完整thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement

Q：eavemuchtobedesired像這種短語可以從哪里查出來?大學設備facilities和equipment是不是可以通用?facilities從語義上和equipment并沒有什么區別,那么如何區分這二者的用法呢?A：這種短語主要靠平時的積累,沒有辦法硬查出來.Facility是可數名詞,equipment是不可數名詞,equipment一般是指設備的總稱.

3.盡管人們普遍持有的觀點是電視節目沒什么教育價值,但在某種意義上孩子可以通過觀看新聞和紀錄片開闊眼界.

Despitethe

widely-heldbelief

(1.人們普遍持有的觀點)thatTVprogramsgenerallyhaveno

educativevalue(2.教育價值),

inasense

(3.在某種意義上)childrencan

broadentheirhorizons

(4.開闊眼界)bywatchingnewsanddocumentaries.

1-thewidely-heldbeliefwidely-held常和名詞assumption、belief、perception、view搭配使用.

詞典釋義：UK

[h??ld]

US

[ho?ld]

verb

(held,

held)

BELIEVE

相信

transitivenotcontinuous

■tobelieveanideaoropinion

相信,確信?[+

to

infinitive]Smallamountsofalcoholareheld

to

begoodfortheheart.據信少量飲酒對心臟有好處.?Yousoldittome,soifitbreaksI'll

hold

you

responsible

(=makeyoutakeresponsibility).是你把它賣給我,所以如果壞了你得負責.

外刊例句：Theresultsdemolish

the

widelyheldbeliefthat

regularuseofbrain-traininggamesimproves

generalcognitivefunction.(TheGuardian)

替換表達：Theprevalentviewisthat...

2-educativevalueeducational是"與教育有關的”,用在這里也是可以的;而educative強調的是教育最終的"產出”,也就是最后能夠達到教育意義的.也可以參考https：///educational-vs-educative/.

詞典釋義：educativeUK

['ed.j?.k?.t?v]

US

[-ke?.t??v]

adjective

■providingeducation

有教育作用(或意義)的;有教益的

?Veryfewactivitiesatthisagehaveno

educative

valueatall.這個年齡階段上,參加甚么活動幾乎都是有教育意義的.?...the

educative

valueofallowingbroadcastersintotheir

courts.允許電視臺進入他們的審判庭所具有的教育意義

外刊例句：DespitethehypeaboutinteractiveTV'sabilitytobridge

thedigitaldivideandthe

educative

value

ofsomechannels,thetruthisthatdigitalTVisjustmoretelly,

and,assuch,unlikelytomakeBritonseitherclevererorricher.

(The

Economist)

替換表達：educationalvalue

學生錯誤表達：(1)

educationvalue點評：educationvalue應該改為educationalvalue

3-inasense

詞典釋義：inasense

(also

inonesense)

thinkingabout

somethinginoneway,butnotineveryway

從某種意義上講

?Sheclaimsthatthesystemisatfaultandshe'sright,in

a

sense

(=sheispartlyright),itcouldbeimproved.她主張現行制度有問題,從某種意義上說,她是對的,現行制度確有改進的空間.

外刊例句：Inasense,thisisa

goldenageforfreespeech.Yoursmartphonecancallupnewspapersfromthe

othersideofworldinseconds.Morethanabilliontweets,Facebookposts

andblogupdatesarepublishedeverysingleday.Anyonewithaccesstothe

internetcanbeapublisher,andanyonewhocanreachWikipediaentersa

digitalhavenwhereAmerica’sFirstAmendmentreigns.

(The

Economist)

替換表達：insomesense/inonesense/insomeways/tosomedegree

學生錯誤表達：(1)

insomeextent點評：這里介詞使用有誤,應該是tosomeextent

4-broadenthehorizonshorizon主要指"知識、經驗、興趣”方面的眼界.用復數形式.

詞典釋義：UK

['br?：.d?n]

US

['brɑ：-]

verb

MOREGENERAL

拓展

transitive

■toincreasethe

rangeofsomething

擴展,拓寬?They'veintroducedallsortsofnewelementstothat

programmeinorderto

broaden

its

appeal.他們已經給那個節目加入了各種新元素以增強其吸引力.?Ihopedthatgoingtouniversitymight

broaden

my

horizons

(=increasetherangeofmyknowledgeandexperience).我希望上大學能使我增長見識.

外刊例句：Thereisnothinglikestudyingoverseasto

broaden

your

horizons,nottomentionyourCV.Employersareincreasingly

lookingonforeignlanguageskillsandfamiliaritywithdifferentculturesas

adifferentiatorwhenitcomestopotentialemployees.

(TheGuardian)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

opentheireyes點評：openyoureyestosomething含義是"接受某事物”,與"開闊眼界”不同.

Q：老師,用areofnoneeducativevalue取代havenoeducativevalue好不好,哪個更好一些?A：兩個都可以,不過areofnoneeducativevalue應該改為areofnoeducativevalue

Q：例句為什么沒有一一對應翻譯"記錄片”?A：documentaries就有紀錄片的意思.

Q：翻譯中的generally與widely-held

belief是不是有點重復?A：不重復,widely-heldbelief是強調人們普遍持有的觀點,generally是強調電視節目普遍沒有教育價值,兩者側重點不同.4.很多畢業生最終選擇與他們專業不對口的工作,這是因為他們在大學學習的東西與就業市場的需求不匹配.Manygraduates

endup

(1.最終)injobs

unrelatedto

(2.與……不相關)theirmajors,andthatisbecausewhattheyhavelearntincollegedoesnot

match

(3.匹配)thedemandsof

thejobmarket(4.就業市場).

1-endupendup指"以……而告終”,后跟現在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語(常用介詞with,in,

as,by,at)、副詞短語、名詞短語.

詞典釋義：2.PHRASALVERB

短語動詞

最終;結果;到頭來

Ifyou

endup

doingsomethingor

endup

inaparticularstate,youdothat

thingorgetintothatstateeventhoughyoudidnotoriginallyintendto.

【語法信息】：VP

-ing

【語法信息】：VP

prep/adv

【語法信息】：VP

n1.

?Ifyoudon'tknow

whatyouwant,youmight

endup

getting

somethingyoudon'twant...如果你不知道自己想要什么,到頭來你可能得非所愿.2.

?Everytimethey

wentdancingtheyendedupinabadmood...每次他們去跳舞,都會不歡而散.3.

?Shecouldhave

endedupamillionairess.

她本可以成為百萬富婆的.

外刊例句：He

endedup

trappedintobackingabillthat,accordingtotheCBO,wouldhelptheyoung

andhealthyandsendcostssky-rocketingforsomeofMrTrump’smostloyal

supporters,startingwiththeoldandthoseinruralareas.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：windup

學生錯誤表達：

(1)

Finally點評：endup帶有"最終結果與原來預期的不一致”這一層意思,而finally只是指"最終”.這里用endup更加合適.

2-unrelatedto

詞典釋義：1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

沒關聯的;沒聯系的

Ifonethingis

unrelatedto

another,thereisnoconnection

betweenthem.Youcanalsosaythattwothingsare

unrelated.

【搭配模式】：oft

ADJton1.

?Mylineofwork

isentirely

unrelated

topolitics...我的職業與政治完全無關.2.

?Twoofthemdied

fromapparently

unrelated

causes.他們中的兩個人死因明顯不同.

外刊例句：Althoughadoctorateisdesignedastrainingforajobin

academia,thenumberofPhDpositionsis

unrelated

to

thenumberofjobopenings.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：havenothingtodowith/beirrelevantto/bearnorelationto

學生錯誤表達：(1)

notcorrespondto/notbealignedwith/notin

linewith點評：這幾個短語表達的是"與……不相對應”的意思,與原句意思有區別.(2)

notmatchedwith點評：match這里是"相匹配”的意思,與原句意思有區別.

3-matchmatch作為"匹配”,有達到某種標準或質量、與……相符合的含義.

詞典釋義：5.V-RECIP-ERG

與…配對;與…匹配

Ifonething

matches

another,theyareconnectedorsuiteachotherinsomeway.1.

?Thestudentsare

askedto

match

thebookswith

theauthors...要求學生把書籍與作者對應起來.2.

?Wewilltryto

match

youtoemployers

withthevacanciesyouarelookingfor...我們會爭取為你找到提供你所需職位的用人單位.3.

?Itcantaketime

andeffortto

match

buyersand

sellers...給買賣雙方牽線可能需要一些時間和工夫.4.

?Thesalewould

onlygoaheadifthenameandnumber

matched...只有名稱與數目吻合,才能進行銷售.5.

?Picturesofroad

signsare

matchedwiththeir

HighwayCodemeanings.道路標志圖是同公用通道法規一致的.

外刊例句：InCanadasuchimmigrantsarefreetomovearoundoncethey

haveearnedpermanentresidency,butsincetheprovincestendtopick

migrantswhoseskills

matchlocal

demand,moststayput.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：fitinwithdemand

學生錯誤表達：(1)

equal

to點評：beequalto含義是"勝任某事