實詞！虛詞代詞：I！介詞：of!感嘆詞：Ah!Oh!連詞：if!主謂Icome（不及物動詞）.主謂賓主謂賓賓主謂賓補主系表Ilove（及物動詞）Igive（授予動詞）youheart.Youmake（不完全及物動詞）Youare（系動詞）介短：Iloveyou(in從句：Iloveyou(becauseyou非謂：Iloveyou,(missingyou)(every時間：(Lastweek),Iwent(tothe100句話學會英語語法1.gavemeaverygoodadviceyesterday.gavemeaverygoodadviceyesterday.advice是不可數名詞。一些漢語概念為可數的詞在英語中卻是不可數的，表示數量時在其前加apieceofnews,bread,work,paper,chalk粉筆,furniture家具,information等等?！?02.Thatgirllovesreadingbook.Thatgirllovesreadingbooks.詞，或將其變為復數。此處最好變為books，在特定語境下也可以變成thebook。inhospital院byin騎睡覺：inthehospital在這個醫院里inthebed3.wentintoabook’sshopandboughtadictionary.wentintoabook’sshopandboughtadictionary.有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用A’s，如：mother’sB，如：ashopofbooks,thebrand(品牌)the無生命的東西也能用“名詞修飾名詞，如：abookshop,thecarbookbusschoolEnglishtea“”acarmyacarmymother’scarsafriendofmyoneofmyfather’sfriendsacarmyoneofmyfriends’4.MyfamilyiswatchingMyfamilyarewatchingfamily是個“集合名詞:表“家庭”是單數，相當于“一個集合：Myfamilyabigone.表“家人”是復數，相當于“全體元素：Myfamily類似的詞有：team,class,audience5．IboughtsomepotatosandtomatosattheIboughtsomepotatoesandtomatoesatthe初高中階段以“o”esNegro,hero，potato,tomato（一個黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿）;其余的都加sThishasnothingtodotheirbelieves.Thishasnothingdotheirbeliefs.大多數以f,結尾的詞變為復數時一般去f,fe加vesleafknife—knivesthief—thieveswife-->wiveswolfwolves狼shelf-->shelves而和sAhavesomethingdo：A和BAhavenothingwith：A和BAhavelittletowith：A和BAhavealottowith：A和BThebosswantshireanusefulperson.（useful[‘juzful]）Thebosswantshireausefulperson.用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個音標，如為元音用an。useful的第一個音標是輔音[j]ana。類似的，我們說aEuropeancountry.但是我們要說anhour，因為hour的第一個音標是元音[a]。aboxanhouranPlaneisamachinethatcanAplaneisamachinecan名詞不可裸奔原則：Plane為可數名詞單數形式，不能單獨放在句中，應在其前amachine,aA。【特指特指a/an表示“泛指”“類指”“”就是隨便哪個都行”；所謂“”就是一類中的一個。IneedapersonhelpIneedthepersonhelpJerryaIknowaveryuglyteacher.Jerryistheplayedapianoatthepartyplayedtheatthepartyathe”Erhuplay，playGuzheng.（因為在外國人看來中國樂器就是玩具）ThemachinewasinventedinThemachinewasinventedinthe在in后加the，因為表示年代“用in加the再加幾十的復數”the80sthe，因為每個年代都是獨一無二）XiaoHongwenttoschoolbythebuseveryday.XiaoHongwenttoschoolbythebuseveryday.去掉the，by直接加交通工具，表示“乘坐某交通工具。代詞一定看翻譯）isoneofthosespeakersmakehisideasperfectlyisoneofthosespeakerswhomaketheirideasperfectly“oneof復數名詞后面的定語從句修飾的是這個復數名詞；isonethespeakers(whomaketheirideasperfectly“theoneof”theonly.istheonlyoneofthespeakers(whomakeshisideasperfectlyWhomdoyouthinkhasleftthelightson？Whoyouthinkhasthelightson？只能用who。因為who可以作主語也可以作賓語，而whom只能作賓語。eg：_What/Who/didJerrykissyesterday?ThebosspretendednotseeJohnandI.ThebosspretendednottoseeJohnand.John和I在句中都做的賓語，應把I改為me。Thesebooksaremine;thoseinthebagareThesebooksaremine;thoseinthebagare.Her是形容詞性物主代詞books，或把herhers?！敬~】代詞只有兩種用法：1.當名詞用；2.我（主語）我（賓語）I我自己是賓語。TherearefourteenhundredsstudentsinourTherearefourteenhundredstudentsinour要么“數字加hundredhundreds加”Hundred/thousand/million/score/dozen等詞stwohundredstudents（兩百個學生）前面沒有具體數字時在其后加s和ofhundredsstudentsTheirschoolistwiceaslargerasourTheirschoolistwiceaslargeasourAisthreetimeslargeA是三倍一樣大/像。=AistwicelargerthanA是兩倍更大/比。=AisthreetimesthesizeA是三倍尺寸/B碰到as寫原級，碰到than寫比較級，in/of/amongToday’shomeworkisafive-hundred-wordsToday’shomeworkisafive-hundred-wordafive-hundred-worda17-year-oldthirdofthestudentsinourschoolarefromAmerica.thirdsofthestudentsourschoolarefromAmerica.1時，分母后要加s。onethird表示“”，two表示“三分之二。twoThepatientappearednervouslywhenhetalkedtheThepatientappearednervouswhentalkedthebe動詞：am,is,are,was,感官系動詞：look,sound,smell,feel,變化系動詞：become變成/變得,come變好,go變壞,get變得,grow慢變,turn不變系動詞：stay,keep,表象系動詞：seem(好像是appear()名詞TheartistworkedhardlyfinishhisdrawingsonTheartisthardtofinishhisdrawingson】hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”hard也可以是副詞，表“努力”Thisshirtmorecheaperthanone.Thisshirtmuchcheaperthanone.aaaagreat)isthemostsuccessfulofthetwobusinessmen.isthemoresuccessfulofthetwobusinessmen.定冠詞workslessharderheusedworkslesshardthanheused表“更少…”時用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級，因此把harderThebookfairlymoreinterestingthanthatone.Thebookmuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，所以改成far或者aaaagreatThisisasaninterestingastoryastheoneinthemagazine.Thisisaninterestingastoryastheonethemagazine.【】as/soas...：一樣/這樣像（as/so是個副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞）這樣的像....（such是個形容詞，用來修飾名詞）as/socleveraboyJerry：一樣聰明的一個男孩/像suchacleverboyJerry：這樣的一個聰明的男孩/像acleverheis!（what和such差不多，后面加名詞結構）theis!（how和so差不多，后面加adj或）TheweatherhereisnicerthanTheweatherherenicerthanthatinthat和those表示同類事物的比較】weatherhereisnicerthatinXizang.類似的還有：eg:newspaperstodayarefarmoreadvancedinthe.特指單復數主謂一致修飾比較級那些報紙年代前面必加！TomstudiesEnglishharderthananystudentinhisTomstudiesEnglishharderthananyotherstudentinhis【any/anyother】anystudent=anyotherstudent29．Iwouldrathertakeatrainwentbybus.Iwouldratheratrainthanbus.wouldrathersth1thandopreferdoingsth1doing30．Isthereinterestinganythingthemeeting?Isthereanythinginterestingatthemeeting?】修飾anything,something,everything,nothing31．Ineverhaveseensuchapersonbefore.Ihaveneverseensuchapersonnever是個副詞，應該放在“be后，實前，助實間”。本句中，have是助動詞，seen是實義動詞。ThebookisworthtoThebookisworth.【beworthdoing】sth+beworthItisthatwillsucceed.Itiscertainthatwillsucceed.【確信/surecertain（確定的）的主語可為人和物。因此把surecertain.isregardedoneofthealivewriterspresent.isregardedasonethebestlivingwritersatpresent.isregardedasonethebestwritersaliveatpresent.alive,（alive可以作后置定語isregardedasoneofthebestwritersaliveatpresent.）35．Idon’tknowthathasfinishedthework-->Idon’tknowwhether/ifhasfinishedthework.本句句義是“不知道做沒做完”，所以that改為-->Ididn’tknowthathadfinishedthework.疑問句，already用于肯定句。saidnearlynothingatthemeeting.saidalmostnothingatthemeeting.】nearly不能用于否定句，而almostnearly改為usuallygoesschoolbyhisfather’susuallygoesschoolinhisfather’s表示交通工具：bycar/inthebybycar,bybus,byplane等。如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應使用除by以外的其他介詞。此處把by改為in.PleasewaitatschoolPleasewaitfortheschoolgate.Pleaseawaitattheschoolgate.wait為不及物動詞，需加介詞forawait是及物動詞，可以說Iamawaiting及物動詞：后面直接加名詞Ilove不及物動詞：后面不能直接加名詞IgohomegooutcomecomeheregotheregoupstairsgodownstairsgoabroadgohasbeenmarriedBettyformoretwentyhasbeenmarriedBettyforthantwentymarrywithwithto。40．Ifinishedtheworktimeunderthehelpofhim.Ifinishedtheworkontimethehelpofhim.“在…的幫助下”用withunder，其本質是“伴隨著某人的幫助”。））inon點tofromfor為（為了/of修飾/intoleave(foroutof出來/over正上方/across平面上/through介質中/with伴隨著/by倚靠/復雜工具的復雜使用/被underabovebelowbeneatharoundabout在周圍/beyondbetweenamongcanbehomenowbecausethelighthisroomisstillon.mustbehomenowbecausethelightinhisroomisstillon.maymightnotshouldn’tcouldnotcanCandosth?“情態動詞”shouldshouldhavedone本應該做某事mustmusthavedone肯定有做了某事吧needcomeherebeforethemeetingbegins.needcomeherebeforethemeetingbegins.【need{實義動詞}sb.needtosb.don’tneedsth.sb.needdo？某人需要去做某事嗎sthneeddoing某東西需要搞搞sthneeddone某東西需要被搞{情態動詞}ThecarneedsThecarneedstosb.needn’tdoNeedsth?need{名詞}meetsb’sneedsthisgreatneed某事物處于巨大的需求之中Thereisgreatneedtodosth.存在巨大的需要usedgetveryearlyinthemorning,andnowisstilldoingusedtogetveryearlyinthemorning,butnownotdoingsbtosth.sthtodosb.isdoingsth.于這道題中，usedto用來表示“過去常常做某事而現在不做了改為：butnowhenotdoingso.44．Ineedn’tcomeyesterdaybecausealltheworkhadbeenIneedn’thavecomeyesterdaybecausealltheworkhadbeen【情態動詞+havedone=needn'tdo不必做某事（描述現在或將來）needn’thavedone本不必做某事（描述過去）45．hadn’tbetterstayuplatebecausehavetogetupearlyYouhadbetternotstayuptoobecauseyouhavetogetup你最好做某事：youhadbetterdo你最好別做某事：youhadbetternot！do/does（經常/真的是的/老）（曾經當時剛剛）have/hasdone（已經）eg:Ihavewatchedthemovie.diddone（之前之前已經）（（將會）到將來某一時刻就做完了willhavedone（將已經將做完）將來做某事（將會）在某時間點上正在做某事bedoing（正在）（一直）完成時過去時)eg:LiHuihasbeenteachingEnglish(since完成時+sofar/uptonow/uptillnoweg:LiHuihastaughtEnglishforyearsso.overthelastthreeyears/duringthepastseveralweeks/inthelastfewdays+(1)isthethirdtime(thatsb.havedone(2)Sb.havedonesth(for3willbegoingdobetodo/beaboutdosth,and/or（否則）will時間狀從/主將從現：Iwillit(ifyouwant主情從現：Icanit(ifyouwantto).主祈從現：Kissme(ifyoulove“時間表”用一般時表示將來：Thenexttraincomesat（火車，飛機，輪船，上學放學，商店開門關門，電影上映）“點動作”用進行時表示將來：Theplaneistakingoff.（come,go,leave,arrive,enter,takeoff,die,end,start,）Tomeatschicken.Tomatechicken.湯姆吃的雞。/Tomhaseatenchicken.Tomhadeatenchickenbeforedranktea.湯姆喝茶之前吃的雞。Tomsaidhewouldeatchickenforsupper.湯姆說晚飯要吃雞。Tomiseatingchicken.湯姆正在吃雞。Tomhasbeeneatingchicken.Tomwilleatchicken.Tomisgoingtoeatchicken.Tomisabouttoeatchicken.46．Iwilltellheraboutthatwhenshewillcometomorrow.Iwilltellheraboutthat(whenshecomestomorrow).willcomecomes。Themeetingisabouttobeginintenminutes.Themeetingisgoingtobegintenminutes.Themeetingwillbeginintenminutes.Themeetingisbeginningtenbeabouttointenminutes去掉或者把beabout改成begoingbegin/willbegin/isbeginning。Theboyopenedeyesforamoment,lookingthecaptainandthendied.Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment,lookedatthecaptainandthendied.一堆謂語動詞的并列（表動作順承）此處looklooking改為looked。類似的還有：IwasadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversityin2015,havestudiedforthreeyearsandgraduatenextyear.49．IhaveboughtthisbikefortenyearsandIamstillusingitnow.IhavehadthisbikefortenyearsandIamstillusingnow.for改為kept或had。50．Ihaven’tlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.Ihadn’tlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.發生在did及物動詞不及物動詞以使用被動語態，如：Thebedison.Thetwothieveshavebeendisappeared.Thetwothieveshavebeendisappeared.disappearbeenThebuildingbuiltnowwillourteachingThebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourteaching這里的“現在正在被建的”，是一個非謂語動詞，且應使用被動語態的進行態，因此在built前加being。isbeingoperatedthefamousisbeingoperatedonthefamousoperate在主動句中應該這樣使用：Thedoctoroperatingonsb.“給…做手術”應為operatesboperatedon。54．IwonderifthedoctorhasbeenIwonderthedoctorhasbeensent.forsendforthedoctor“派人besentforThebookwrittenhimissoldThebookwrittenhimsells說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動語態。本句應改為：Thebookwrittenhimsellswell.類似的還有：Thiskindpencilwritessmoothly.ThishistorybookworthyThishistorybookisworthThishistorybookisworthyofbeingread.Thishistorybookisworthytoread.beworthbeworthyofbeingbeworthybe因此本句應該為：Thishistorybookisworthy【7””totobehavinghavingbeenbeing如果非謂語前面有名詞，則非謂語就在描述這個名詞；如果非謂語前面沒有名詞，則非謂語在描述主句主語。非謂語動詞描述的這個名詞叫做非謂語動詞的邏輯主語”Smiling,died.Beaten,JerryfeltJerrybeaten,feltJerrybeaten：獨立主格結構=名詞+Weallfelthappy正常的句子=名詞Wearegoingtoabouttheproblemdiscussingatthelastmeeting.Wearegoingtoabouttheproblemdiscussedatthelastmeeting.discussing改為discussed。這個語法點可稱為“過去Thegirldressedherselfinredmysister.Thegirldressedherselfinredismysister.dressedinred表示“被穿上了紅色的衣服”Beingseriouslyill,hisclassmateshimtobeingseriouslyill,hisclassmatessenthimto如果非謂語動詞前面沒有任何名詞，則其邏輯主語應為這句話主句的主語。于是原句應翻譯為“他的同學病得很重，卻把他送去住院”這顯然是不合理的。所以，此句正確的意思應為“他病了，他的同學把他送去住院”。因此把前半句改為：beingseriouslyill,...Havingnotseenformanyyears,couldhardlyrecognizeher.Nothavingseenherformanyyears,couldhardlyrecognizeher.任何非謂語動詞的否定都是直接把notNothavingseenherformanySeeingfromthespace,theearthlikeaSeenfromthespace,theearthlookslikeaSeeing改為Seen。Englishiseasytolearnit.Englishiseasylearnit.English已經是learnit就會感覺冗余，所以把it63．IwillgetsomebodyrepairtherecorderforIwillgetsomebodytorepairtherecorderforyou.Iwillhavesomebodyrepairtherecorderforyou.letdomakesbhavesbdogetto因此在repair前加toget改成have。Shedecidedworkharderinordernotfallbehindtheothers.Shedecidedworkharderinordernotfallbehindtheothers.注意：任何非謂語動詞的否定都是直接把not放在非謂語動詞之前。所以“不落后于別人”要寫成“nottofallbehindtheothers搭配：inorderinordernottodosth。It’sbetterlaughthancrying.It’sbetterlaughthantocry.It’sbetterlaughingthancrying.不定式It’sbettertolaughtocry或It’sbetterlaughingthanIt’snousetoforthedoctor.It’susesendingforthedoctor.It’snousedoing，所以把send改為sending。Shepracticesplaythepianoafterschooleveryday.Shepracticesplayingthepianoafterschooleveryday.【什么后面加todo，什么后面加doing】詞之前，用doing.enjoyfinishdoingpracticedoinglikedoingkeepstopdoing(停止正在干的事兒)forgetdoing(忘記已經做過)rememberdoing(記得做過某事)refusetowanttoexpecttostoptodo(停下來去干某事)forgettodo()remembertodo()pretendWhentheteachercamein,hestoppedlisteningtheteacher.Whentheteachercamein,hetolistentheteacher.stopdoingstoptodo所以后半句應該為：hestoppedtolistentheteacher.主語從句賓語從句表語從句(ThatHuihandsome)isWeallknow(thatHuiis.Thefactis(thatHuiis.同位語從句fact(thatHuiishandsome)連詞”Iknow(thatHuiishandsome).Iwonder(if/whetherHuiishandsome).連接副詞when的那個時間where的那個地方why的那個原因how的那個方式多么/eg:Idon’tknow_when/where/how/why/whether/if_he連接代詞who的那個人whom的那個人which哪個what什么/eg:Idon’tknow_who/whom/which/what_ever-WearetalkingaboutifthisplanshouldbecarriedWearetalkingaboutwhetherthisplanshouldcarriedIf和whether都可以引導動詞的賓語從句。但如果從句做的是介詞的賓語，只能用whether，而不能用if。所以此處把if改為whether。的主語從句不ornotto搭配。Iwonder(ifJerryisItpuzzles(ifJerryis70．IcannotdecidestayIcannotdecidewhetherstayor只有whether才能和to及ornotif改為whether。MysuggestiontryforasecondMysuggestiontryforasecond表語從句的引導詞如為that前加上that。Whattheprofessorsaynotknownyet.(Whattheprofessorwillsay)isnotknownyet.天下一切從句的語序都是陳述句語序。因此應改為：Whattheprofessorwillsayisnotknownyet.73．Iwillgounlessheinvitesme.Iwillgoheinvitesme.Iwon'tgounlessinvites此句意為“”而unless相當于ifnot,Iwon’tunlessinvitesme.或者Iwillinvites74．Althoughhetried,buthestillcouldn’tkeepuptheothers.Althoughhetried,buthestillcouldn’tkeepthealthough和but不能同時用在一句話中，原則上去掉任何一個都可以，但是為了保證句首字母大寫，我們在這句話中去掉but。75．Iwon’tstayuntilcomesback.Iwillstayuntilhecomesback.Iwon'tleaveuntilhecomes“Auntil”表示的是“A事件一直延續一直延續一直延續到B事件的發生，就A事件是一個“短暫性動詞”時，一般要在A個notIwon’tentertheroomuntil6:00.表示“我不進屋”的狀態要延續到6:006Istayuntilhecomesback.或Iwon’tleaveuntilhecomesback.前者表示的意思是“我會待著”這件事會延續到他回來才結束；后“evenifeventhoughas就好像asonlyifassoonbeforelong=在long之前=在“經過了好長時間”之前=還沒過多久longbefore=long+before=Iwillcomebackbeforelong.Istayedherelongbefore.我待過這里））他的）他它們）i.逗號和介詞后不用thatii.逗號后：人用who，物用iii.介詞后：人用whom，物用）那會兒）在那兒）之所以orphanisachildwho’sparentsaredead.orphanisachildwhoseparentsaredead.定語從句中表“…的”引導詞只有，所以把改為whose。ThisistheverythingIThisistheverythingI人：that可以指代人Huiisateacherwho/thatteaches物：that可以指代物Englishisalanguagewhich/thatisonly/very/first/last/best/allthatHuiistheonly/first/bestteacher(canmakeEnglishsoeasy).。Iknowsomething(thatisinteresting).避：如果上文用過who/which，則后面的定從用thatWhothethatis？人物：如果先行詞即有人又有物，則后面的定從用thatIstillrememberthepeopleandthings(thatImet)(whenIwasThisisthecarforthatIpaidahighThisisthecarforwhichIpaidathatwhowhich；介詞后，人用，物用which。SheisoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheSheisoneofthestudents(whohavepassedtheSheistheonlyoneofthestudents(haspassedtheonetheonlyof+theonlyone。ThisistheplacewherevisitedlastThisistheplacethatvisitedlast定語從句的先行詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞要看定語從句中缺不缺主語或賓語，把where改為which或that。I,whoyourfriend,canunderstandyou.I,whoamyourfriend,canunderstandyou.定語從句的謂語動詞應與其先行詞保持一致，因此把is改為am。Chinaisadevelopingcountry,thatisknowntoChinaisadevelopingcountry,whichknownthatwhich（ThepoetandareinvitedtoaspeechattheThepoetandwriterisinvitedgiveaspeechatthepoet和writer共用一個冠詞，指的是一個人身兼二職，所以謂語動詞應為單數。把are改為is.oneexceptmyparentsknowone(exceptmyparents)knows這里的exceptparents是noone.所以把know改為knowsbut除了）,,,,,wellas（和）等等。YourclothesisonthetableoverYourclothesarethetableoverclothes為復數句詞，謂語動詞應為復數。把改為are。Thenumberofthestudentsthatschoolareaboutonethousand.Thenumber(ofthestudents)(inthatschool)aboutthousand.的主語為number而不是students。因此把are改為is。thenumberof”指的是“anumberof”相aXXXXXXTheclasswatchingwhenIenteredtheroom.TheclasswerewatchingwhenIenteredtheroom.看電視的，應該是全班同學，所以應看為復數，故謂語動詞用werewatching。Thepopulationofourcountryareincreasingslowlynow.Thepopulation(ofourcountry)isincreasingslowlynow.population單獨作主語時，謂語動詞經常用單數，表示的是人口的“數字”，所以areis；但如果其前有分數或百分數，而且后面又有復數名詞時，表示的是百分之多少的“人口”，此時謂語動詞用復數。如：OnefifthoftheChinesepopulationareworkers.正常語序：主語在前+謂語在后完全倒裝：謂語在前+主語在后（1）地點詞/now/then+謂語+Herecomesthethetablelies（主語Nevershouldyouquarrelwithyour（3）So+adj/adv+助動詞主語謂語+thatSouglydoesJerrylookthatareall（4）+狀語+助動詞主語Onlydoingso