三

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控

III

GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoBeetles比人更愛吃土豆的

——馬鈴薯甲蟲二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

GreenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetlesPotatobeetles-likepotatoesbetterthanhuman馬鈴薯甲蟲，別名科羅拉多馬鈴薯甲蟲，或馬鈴薯葉甲，隸屬鞘翅目，葉甲科，是國際公認的毀滅性檢疫害蟲，也是我國對外重大檢疫對象和重要外來入侵物種之一。原發生于北美落基山脈，后向世界各地擴散，1993年國內新疆首次發現。馬鈴薯甲蟲的成蟲、幼蟲均可為害馬鈴薯葉片和嫩尖，尤其是在馬鈴薯始花期至薯塊形成期，影響產量，嚴重的造成絕收。馬鈴薯甲蟲除為害馬鈴薯外，還為害番茄、茄子、辣椒、煙草等茄科植物。而且能傳播馬鈴薯的一些病害，如褐斑病、環腐病等。Potatobeetle(Leptinotarsadecemlineata),alsoknownasColoradopotatobeetleorpotatoleafbeetle,belongstoColeopteraandLeafbeetlefamily.Itisaninternationallyrecognizeddestructivequarantinepest,andalsooneofthemajorforeignquarantineobjectsandimportantinvasivealienspeciesinChina.ItoriginallyoccurredintheRockyMountainsofNorthAmericaandlaterspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.ItwasfirstdiscoveredinXinjiang,Chinain1993.Theadultsandlarvaeofpotatobeetlescanharmpotatoleavesandtendertips,especiallyfromtheinitialfloweringstagetotheformationstageofpotatoes,whichaffectstheyieldandcausesnoharvestinseriouscases.Inadditiontopotatoes,potatobeetlesalsoharmsolanaceousplantssuchastomatoes,eggplants,peppers,andtobacco.What'smore,potatobeetlescanspreadsomediseasesofpotatoes,suchasbrownspotandringrot.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles一、形態特征1成蟲體長9~11.5mm，寬6~7mm，短卵圓形，體背顯著隆起，體橙黃色，每一鞘翅上具黑色縱帶5條，頭下口式。復眼腎形黑色。口器咀嚼式。前胸背板表面布稀疏的小斑點，中間兩個斑點較大，頭部具有3個斑點。I.Morphologicalcharacteristics1.ImagoIthasabodylengthof9~11.5mmandawidthof6~7mm,andisshortlyovoid.Thebackofthebodyisprominentlyraised,andthebodyisorange-yellow.Eachelytrahasfiveblacklongitudinalbands,withamouthbelowthehead.Thecompoundeyesarekidney-shapedandblack.Themouthpartsarechewing.Thesurfaceofthepronotumiscoveredwithsparsesmallspots,themiddletwospotsarelarger,andtheheadhas3spots.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles2卵橢圓形，頂部鈍尖，初產時鮮黃，后變為橙黃色或淺紅色。卵粒長約1.5mm，寬約0.8mm，主要產于葉片背面，與葉面多呈垂直狀態多聚產呈卵塊，15~60粒。2.EggItisoval,withablunttipatthetop,brightyellowatfirstbirth,andthenorangeyelloworlightred.Theeggsareabout1.5mmlongand0.8mmwide,mainlylaidonthebackoftheleaf,mostlyinaverticalstatewiththeleafsurface,andpolymerizedintoeggmasses,15–60eggsamass.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles3幼蟲共有4個齡期。1齡、2齡幼蟲頭、前胸背板骨片及胸、腹部的氣門片暗褐色和黑色；3齡以后逐漸變鮮黃色、粉色或橙黃色。3齡、4齡幼蟲色淡，腹部膨脹隆起呈駝背狀，腹部兩側各有2排黑色斑點。3.LarvaThereare4instarsintotal.Theheadandpronotumbonefragmentsofthe1stand2ndinstarlarvae,aswellasthevalveflapsinthechestandabdomen,aredarkbrownandblack;afterthe3rdinstar,theygraduallyturnbrightyellow,pink,ororange.The3rdand4thinstarlarvaearelight-colored,withswollenandraisedabdomenintheshapeofhunchedposture,andtworowsofblackspotsonbothsidesoftheabdomen.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles

4蛹離蛹，橢圓形呈尾部略尖，體長約10mm，寬約7mm，橘黃色或淡紅色。老熟幼蟲在被害株附近入表土中化蛹，粘性土壤化蛹主要集中在1~5cm；沙性化蛹土壤主要集中在1~10cm。4.PupaItisovalandslightlypointedatthetail,about10mmlongand7mmwide,andorangeorlightred.Thematurelarvaepupateinthesurfacesoilnearthedamagedplants,andthepupationinclayeysoilismainlyconcentratedat1~5cm;thepupationinsandysoilismainlyconcentratedat1~–10cm.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles二、發生規律以成蟲及幼蟲取食為害馬鈴薯、茄子等寄主作物的葉片和嫩尖。成蟲及3~4齡幼蟲取食量較大,常使葉片出現大小不等的孔洞或缺刻,發生嚴重時可將葉肉吃光,留下葉脈和葉柄。還可傳播馬鈴薯褐斑病、環腐病等多種病害。二

馬鈴薯甲蟲綠色防控II

GreenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetlesII.OccurrenceregularityAdultsandlarvaefeedontheleavesandtendertipsofhostcropssuchaspotatoesandeggplants.Adultsand3~4instarlarvaehavealargefeedintake,whichoftencausesholesorincisionsofdifferentsizesintheleaves.Inseverecases,theycaneatupthemesophyll,leavingveinsandpetioles.Theycanalsospreadavarietyofdiseasessuchaspotatobrownspotandringrot.二、發生規律在我國新疆馬鈴薯甲蟲1年可發生1~3代，以兩代為主，以成蟲在寄主作物田越冬,主要分布于11~20cm土層。成蟲具假死習性、治愈性及遷飛性。一般將卵產于寄主植株下部的嫩葉背面，平均產卵量約1000粒。

II.OccurrenceregularityAdultsandlarvaefeedontheleavesandtendertipsofhostcropssuchaspotatoesandeggplants.Adultsand3~4instarlarvaehavealargefeedintake,whichoftencausesholesorincisionsofdifferentsizesinthelea